• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.215-227
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• 2009

The subject of this study is a cohort of elderly women who are older than 60 years of age and reside S city in and Jeonnam. The sample size of this study is 386. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, reliability, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis through the SAS package program. The major study result were as follows. First, the physical satisfaction of elderly women is low, and the life satisfaction of the married group is higher than for the widowed group. Second, according to the results. For the women from the married group, the effect were from economic state, age, and physical satisfaction. There were also significant interaction effects according to economic state$\times$physical satisfaction, age$\times$economic state$\times$physical satisfaction, and age$\times$physical satisfaction. As for women from the widowed group, the effect were from physical satisfaction, economic state, and age. There were also significant interaction effects according to economic state$\times$physical satisfaction, age$\times$physical satisfaction, age$\times$economic state$\times$physical satisfaction, and age$\times$economic state. Fourth, the married group gave significance to life satisfaction, economic state, physical satisfaction, and age. The group of widows gave significance to life satisfaction, physical satisfaction, economic state, and age. The results of this study suggest that we should be concerned about the physical satisfaction of older women and should foster a social atmosphere to establish a positive image of elderly women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Objectives : This study sought to examine relationships between alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality. Methods : From March 1985 through December 1999, 2,696 males and 3,595 females aged 55 or over as of 1985 were followed up for their mortality until 31 December 1999. We calculated the mortality risk ratios by level of alcohol consumption. Among the drinker, the level of alcohol consumption was calculated by the frequency of alcohol comsumption and the type of alcohol. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results : Among males, compared to abstainer, heavy drinker had significantly higher mortality in all cause(Risk ratio=1.35), cardiovascular disease(Risk ratio=1.52) and cerebrovascular disease(Risk ratio =1.66). Although not significant, moderate drinker had lower ischemic heart disease mortality(Risk ratio =0.38). Among females, there was no statistically significant association between alcohol comsumption and mortality. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that alcohol drinking has harmful effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cerebrovascular disease mortality among males, especially in heavy drinker among males. Minimal evidence on protective effect for cardiovascular disease mortality in low or moderate drinker is observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6863-6869
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• 2014

Objectives: Several preclinical and observational studies have shown that anti-diabetic medications (ADMs) may modify the risk of lung cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of metformin, sulfonylureas (SUs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and insulin on the risk of lung cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic search of Pubmed and Web of Science, up to August 20, 2013. We also searched the Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for abstracts from major meetings. Fixed or random effect pooled measures were selected based on heterogeneity among studies, which was evaluated using Q test and the I2 of Higgins and Thompson. Meta-regression was used to explore the sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was analyzed by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Associations were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 15 studies (11 cohort, 4 case-control) were included in this meta-analysis. In observational studies no significant association between metformin (n=11 studies; adjusted OR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.12), SUs (n=5 studies; adjusted OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.79-1.22), or TZDs (n=7 studies; adjusted OR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.75-1.13), insulin (n=6 studies; adjusted OR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.79-1.62) use and risk of developing lung cancer was noted. There was considerable inherent heterogeneity between studies not explained by study design, setting, or location. Conclusions: Meta-analysis of existing studies does not support a protective or harmful association between ADMs use and risk of lung cancer in patients with DM. There was considerable heterogeneity across studies, and future, well-designed, prospective studies would be required for better understanding of any association.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-399
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the causal relationship between social withdrawal and peer alienation among Korean children. The survey study participants were 2,110 children in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The 5-year longitudinal data (Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey; KCYPS) of 1st grade elementary school student cohort was used. Latent Growth Modeling was applied to analyze the causality over time of social withdrawal and peer isolation. The results revealed that the trajectories of children's social withdrawal decreased over time. Children's social withdrawal showed significant individual differences in terms of initial value and rates of change. The initial value and slope of children's social withdrawal had an effect on the peer alienation in the 3rd grade; however, there was no significant effect on the peer alienation in the 5th grade.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate a clinical effect of Coo-Sun activity focusing on improvement of quality of life in female cancer patients. Methods: The subject of study consisted of 5 female cancer patients at the East-West Cancer Center of OO Oriental hospital. The survey methods of this study are Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Patients performed Coo-Sun activity 6 times a week and filled out FACT-G and STAI questionnaire after every 3 times training. Results: In FACT-G questionnaire, physical well-being and emotional wellbeing was improved significantly after Coo-Sun activity. And change of social/family well-being and functional well-being score were not significant statistically. In STAI questionnaire, STAI1 was improved significantly after Coo-Sun activity. And change of STAI2 score was not significant statistically. Conclusion: After Coo-Sun activity, quality of life (QOL) in female cancer patients was improved and anxiety was decreased. But this study have limitation to prove effects of Coo-Sun activity completely in female cancer patients. So well designed prospective cohort study will be needed to prove its benefits.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the housing satisfaction of 55 years and older (55+) single-person householders in U.S. urban communities with the 2011 American Housing Survey Data. Single-person householders younger than 55 years of age (55-) were used as a reference group. Housing Adjustment Theory was used to develop a research framework to depict the relationships of housing satisfaction (dependent variable) with demographic and housing variables (independent variables). The regression analysis revealed that age, health status, government income, race, gender, age of house, housing quality, neighborhood, structure type, and tenure status had a significant effect on housing satisfaction levels of both those aged 55- and 55+. However, for the cohort of 55+, education, census region, housing affordability, and structure size also affected their housing satisfaction. Neighborhood satisfaction had the strongest effect on housing satisfaction of both groups. These variables were discussed in terms of resources and constraints contributing to their housing satisfaction. This study highlights the present and future housing trends and challenges of U.S. single householders in U.S. urban communities.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the degree of preparation for old age and the sense of crisis on the marital satisfaction of married mid-life women. The participants in this study were 300 women ranging in age from 40 to 59 years residing in Gyeonggi-do. Two hundred and forty-nine self-reported questionnaires were used for final analysis by SPSS PASW 18.0. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the mean score on the sense of crisis scale was $2.56{\pm}0.65$, representing a medium level. The mean scores for degree of preparation for later life and marital satisfaction were $3.54{\pm}0.57$ and $3.67{\pm}0.88$, which were somewhat high. Second, socio-demographic characteristics have a significant influence on married, middle-aged women. There were primarily differences in the sense of crisis by age cohort(such as women in their 50s) and level of education. Moreover, there were differences in the degree of preparation for later life by marriage duration and differences in marital satisfaction by level of education, monthly average income, and employment status. Third, in multiple regression analysis, the variables significantly influencing the marital satisfaction of married, middle-aged women included health status and monthly average income as control variables. Mid-life crisis also had a significant effect. The degree of preparation for emotional later life had a significant effect as an independent variable. These findings suggest that the level of sense of crisis and the degree of preparation for emotional later life affected the women's marital satisfaction. Other factors did not have a significant affect. Based on the above results, intervention alternatives are needed to improve the marital satisfaction of married, middle-aged women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2012

Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Forty obese women (body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) aged 19-28 years were recruited for this study. Twenty women of the study group took 30 mg/day of supplemental zinc as zinc gluconate for 8 weeks and 20 women of control group took placebo. Usual dietary zinc intake was estimated from 3-day diet records. Insulin resistances were measured using Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, and insulin sensitivities Matsuda indices, which were calculated using oral glucose tolerance test data. Metabolic risk factors, such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones such as leptin, and adiponectin were also measured. At the beginning of study, dietary zinc averaged 7.31 mg/day and serum zinc averaged $12.98{\mu}mol/L$ in the study group. Zinc supplementation increased serum zinc by 15% and urinary zinc by 56% (P < 0.05). HOMA values tended to decrease and insulin sensitivity increased slightly in the study group, but not significantly so. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones did not change in either the study or control group. These results suggest that zinc status may not affect insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Further research is required on a larger cohort with a longer follow-up to determine the effects of zinc status on insulin resistance and metabolic variables.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Objectives: While recent studies showed that coffee consumption reduced the risk of all-cause mortality, no study has examined the effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality related to sleep disorders. We aimed to examine whether sleep-related disorders would differently affect the association between coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality among 8,075 adults aged 40 to 69 years. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, the study participants were biennially followed up for 12 years from 2001 to 2012. On each follow-up visit, the participants underwent comprehensive tests including anthropometric examinations, interviewer-administered questionnaires, and biochemical tests. Coffee consumption frequency and the amount were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using death certificate data from Korean National Statistical Office, the vital status of each study participant was identified. Sleep-related disorders were examined with interviewer-administered questionnaires. We estimated Hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals from Cox Proportional Hazard models. Multivariable models were established after adjusting for center, total caloric intake, age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, energy-adjusted food groups of refined grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and dairy. Results: Compared with those who had no coffee consumption, participants who had about three cups of coffee per day showed a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for covariates. Those who had a sleep-related disorder showed no significant effect of coffee consumption on the risk of all-cause mortality, whereas those who had no sleep-related disorders showed significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that approximately three cups of coffee per day would be beneficial to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality only among adults with no sleep-related disorders. Coffee consumption should be prudent for those with sleep-related symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of timing of surgery on outcomes of spine operated patients for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. The research design was cohort study and based on the data of claims for the medical expenses of health insurance. 21,475 cases who had primary spine surgery between January 1, and December 31, 2003, observed to conservative treatment period in the past two years from preoperative primary diagnosis to timing of primary surgery. According to one and five year follow up monitoring, the probability of occurrence of reoperation was not statistically significant with preoperative duration of symptom. Also one year follow up, the probability of occurrence of complication, was not statistically significant with preoperative duration of symptom. But five year follow up, groups who had one to two month preoperative duration of symptom decreased complication rate than less than a month(95%CI:0.594-0.927). Thus, from the onset of symptoms of back pain before primary surgery with enough and adequate time observation is required. Also, medical consumers or providers to choose surgery in determining prudence is required.