• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the correlation between faster response time and functional activities of brain regions during cognitive time management. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects participated in this experiment. Subjects performed the serial reaction time task (SRTT), which was designed by the Superlab program, during fMRI scanning. When the 'asterisk' appeared in the 4 partition spaces on the monitor, the subject had to press the correct response button as soon as possible. Results: fMRI results showed activation of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, both premotor areas, the supplementary motor area, posterior parietal cortex and cerebellum. There were significant correlations, from moderate to strong, between faster reaction time and BOLD signal intensity in activated areas. Conclusion: These results suggest that motor skill learning to be needed cognitive time management is associated with greater activation of large scale sensorimotor networks.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

This study was conducted with a non-equivalent control group experimental design to investigate the effects of a video-based infection control program through the application of the social cognitive theory on caregivers. Forty-six caregivers were recruited, with 23 pairs being randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups each. While the experimental group took part in the video-based education, the control group was involved in typical lectures. For two weeks, both groups were educated on the principles of infection control, medical and external handwashing, standard precautions, and quarantine. Their knowledge, performance, and self-efficacy were evaluated before and after the program. There was a significant increase in knowledge (p<.001 and p=.005) and infection control performance (p<.001) in the experimental and control groups. Similarly, self-efficacy, self-regulatory efficacy, task-difficulty preference and confidence significantly increased in the experimental group (p<.001). In the control group, only task-difficulty preference significantly increased (p=.005). Consequently, the online video-based infection control education program applying the social cognitive theory proved effective in improving the caregivers' knowledge and performance in infection control, and their self-efficacy. We suggest the use of this program in effective infection control education for caregivers in the future.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.339-353
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• 2008

This study examined how cognitive style in young children affects mathematical problem-solving performance. Findings showed that the types of patterns presented were linked to the degree of difficulty of the tasks and that disparity between field-independent and field-dependent in cognitive style was broader when subjects worked with more complicated pattern problems. Subjects' marks varied by cognitive style when dynamic assessment was conducted, but cognitive style made no difference in their mathematical learning capability. Cognitive style had an impact not only on the task performance of the learners but on the extent to which they were in need of help during the problem-solving process. Yet, it exercised no influence on how much progress the subjects made when fully assisted.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of different interaction styles, that is, interaction with an object and interaction with an adult, on young children's cognitive level. Subjects were 150 5-year-old children. The task required children to predict the working of a mathematical balance beam. Seven cognitive levels were identified based on the logic of prediction. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Duncan Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Test. Results showed that both interaction styles caused improvement in children's cognitive level, but when interaction with an adult was divided into two categories, i.e., interaction with the higher group and interaction with the lower group, the latter experienced decline in cognitive level. Regardless of sex, interactions within the Zone of Proximal Development and with the object were found to be effective methods for children's cognitive improvement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.703-716
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• 2007

As digital and computer technologies have grown, human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have evolved. In safety-critical systems, especially in nuclear power plants (NPPs), HMIs are important for reducing operational costs, the number of necessary operators, and the probability of accident occurrence. Efforts have been made to improve main control room (MCR) interface design and to develop automated or decision support systems to ensure convenient operation and maintenance. In this paper, an integrated decision support system to aid operator cognitive processes is proposed for advanced MCRs of future NPPs. This work suggests the design concept of a decision support system which accounts for an operator's cognitive processes. The proposed system supports not only a particular task, but also the entire operation process based on a human cognitive process model. In this paper, the operator's operation processes are analyzed according to a human cognitive process model and appropriate support systems that support each cognitive process activity are suggested.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권47호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1998

Work environments have been changed with the advent of new technologies, such as computer technology. However, human cognitive limits can't pace up with the change of work environment. Designing human-computer system requires knowledge and evaluation of the human cognitive processes which control information flow workload. Futhermore, under limited reaction time and/or urgent situation, human operator may the work stress, work error and resultant deleterious work environment. This paper evaluate the visual factors of major information processing factors(information density, amount of information, operational speed of speed)on operator performance of supervisory control under urgent(limited reaction time)environments which require deleterious work condition. To describe the work performance int the urgent work situations with time stress and dynamic event occurrence, a new concept of information density was introduced. For a series of experiments performed for this study, three independent variables(information amount, system proceeding speed, information density) were evaluated using five dependent variables. The result of statistical analyses indicate that the amount of information affected on all of five dependent measure. Number of failure and number of secondary task score were influenced by both amount of information and operational speed of system. However reaction time of secondary task were affected by both amount of information and information density. As a result, the deleterious factors for the performances seemed to be a scanning time to supervise each control panel. Consequently, a new display panel was suggest to reduce operator work load for scanning task showing better operator performance.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.711-731
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 중등 수학 예비교사가 교과서의 수학 과제(Mathematical task)를 어떻게 변형하는지 그리고 그 과정에서 예비교사들이 어떤 학습 기회를 가지는지 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 교과서의 미분계수 단원에서 과제를 선정하고 5명의 예비교사를 대상으로 과제 변형 활동을 실시하여 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 과제는 인지적 노력 수준을 유지하거나 높이는 방향으로 이루어졌으며 이러한 경향은 예비교사들이 미분계수의 개념적 이해를 추구하는 가운데 나타났다. 둘째, 과제 변형 활동은 예비교사들에게 다양한 학습기회를 제공하였다. 예비교사들은 교육과정과 교과서의 의도를 파악하기 위해 노력하였고, 학생의 반응을 예측하는 것의 중요성을 알게 되었으며, 협업과 반성적 사고의 기회를 가졌다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2010

Black sesame (Sesami semen nigrum) has been used to treat dizziness, earnoise, constipation in the traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, we assessed memory enhancing properties of 70% ethanolic extract of black sesame (EBS70) and its ameliorating activities on learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine. Drug-induced amnesia was made by scopolamine treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Single EBS70 (200 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly enhanced cognitive function and attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments as determined by the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks (P<0.05) and also reduced escape-latency on the Morris water maze task (P<0.05). In addition, EBS70 increased BDNF expression in hippocampus 4 h after its administration (P<0.05). These results suggest that EBS70 enhances learning and memory in normal state and attenuates amnesic state caused by cholinergic dysfunction.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.596-611
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• 2004

과학학습에서 인지갈등은 개념변화의 중요한 필요조건으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 인지갈등 유형 중 어떤 갈등 유형이 과학학습과정에서 건설적인 갈등유형인가를 제안한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 16명의 고등학생을 대상으로 작용 반작용의 법칙과 관련된 불일치 현상(선풍기-수레 문제)을 제시 한 후, 인지갈등의 불안요인 반응에 초점을 맞추어 인지갈등의 불안유형을 구분하고, 불안유형에 따라 학생이 제안하는 설명가설의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 인지갈등의 불안 요인 반응에 대한 높 낮이에 따라 각각 네 가지 유형의 불안 유형을 확인하였으며, 각 불안유형에 따른 설명가설의 특징과 과학수업에서 인지갈등 수업전략을 적용할 때 중요하게 고려해야할 불안유형의 특성을 논의하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제16권27호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1993

Human works shift its roll from physical condition to the system supervisory control task In this paper safety-presentation configuration is discussed instead of well-known fault-warning configuration. Of paticular interest was the personal factor which include the cognitive process. Through a performance between each person information processing(d') and decision process($\beta$) was pointed out to explain the sensitivity of personal cognitive process. Impact of uncertainty effect the supervisor having doubt situations. These facts are released by the use of flat fuzzy number of $\beta$ and its learning rate R.