• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of visiting cognitive activities using brain training on cognition, subjective memory complaints and depression among elderly participants residing in community living in Gwangmyeong city. Methods : Over a 14-month period (October 2022 to December 2023), four brain training instructors visited the homes of older adults and conducted the intervention using a brain training kit. The participants included 32 elderly individuals aged 65 years and older, who were living in Gwangmyeong city. The assessments were conducted by an occupational therapist, a nurse and a social worker at the Gwangmyeong dementia relief center. These assessments included the following the subjective memory complaints questionnaire (SMCQ), short geriatric depression scale-Korean (SGDS-K), a cognitive impairment screening test (CIST), the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease-Korean (CERAD-K). The participants were divided into three groups (A: 20-30 points, B: 10-19 points, C: 1-9 points) based on the CIST score. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed using SPSS 24.0, and the statistical level was at a=.05. Results : The results of the intervention showed that the SMCQ score of group A improved significantly (p<.05), the CIST score of group B also improved significantly (p<.05). However, the SGDS-K score of group C improved, but did not demonstrate statistical significance (p=.080). Conclusion : The visiting cognitive activities using brain training produced significant effects on cognition, depression, and subjective memory disorders, depending on the cognitive level of the elderly participants. In the future, it will be necessary to demonstrate the effects according to cognitive level in various aspects with more elderly people.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-46
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• 2015

This study was done on the basis that IT convergence-contents can help the elderly. The effects of IT convergence-contents were analyzed on the occupational performance of the elderly. This investigation was done with 100 elderly people above 65 years of age who lived in local community and two senior welfare centers in Busan and Kyeongbuk. The 100 elderly people were split into two groups of 50: the one group who has experience with IT convergence-contents was the experiment group, and the other group with no experience was the control group. In both groups, body functions, cognitive functions, activities of daily living and community participation were tested. The experimental group had higher scores for cognitive function, and activities of daily living than that of the control group. In conclusion, future studies can support continued IT convergence-contents at the local business community level rather than with smaller samples. This work lays the groundwork for follow-up studies to evaluate the effectiveness of IT convergence-contents.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the relationships of saccadic eye movements and cognition. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods: We systematically examined papers published in journal from 1995 to 2015, using KERIS. Main words to examine are saccadic eye movements, cognitive function, cognition, relationship, saccade program, etc. Results: 6 studies were selected, All of them were saccadic eye movements. Eye movements and cognitive function have correlation. Age from 5 to 65 years from the studies, they found the relationships between cognition and saccade(p<.05). However, the results demonstrated some limitations. First, there were variation in large of age spectrum. Second, the populations were small. Therefore, in the future study, saccadic eye movements study apply to variety of interventions to separate experimental group and control group as cohort study, and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy. Conclusions: In the future study, the use of eye movements apply to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed for the effect of cognitive function improvements. If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a protocol for cognitive program.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.231-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to implement a cognitive stimulation activity program and examine its effects elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from per sistent cognitive decline on the elderly's cognitive function, self-efficacy, and depression. The purpose of this study was to help elderly people who is capable of daily life and community activities but suffering from persistent cognitive decline improve their ability to perform and adapt to activity-based tasks incorporating a variety of actions of different subdomains and difficulty levels, ac cording to their characteristics and cognitive levels. The aim of the program created was to systemati cally improve the subdomains of cognitive functions and eventually preventing these conditions develo ping into dementia in those affected. This study also enabled the subjects to improve their self-effica cy through newly gained positive perceptions and attitudes toward their own abilities by successfully expressing their experience or thoughts about circumstantially and relationally meaningful events and memories, and performing activities that promote sensory stimulations. The group activities conducted as part of the study helped the subjects reduce their symptoms of depression not only by expressing their thoughts and emotions, but also by encouraging empathy with, understanding of, and caring for others. Given that this study confirmed the potential of the cognitive stimulation program designed fo r it as a clinical intervention for elderly people with cognitive impairment, it is suggested as a useful preventive program for early stage dementia.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare a treatment focusing on the physical function to an intervention focusing on a cognitive strategy in stroke patients which improves their performance skills of daily activities. Methods : This study design was a randomized control trial selecting 43 people with stroke patients. This study consisted of a control group, which received conventional occupational therapy focusing on physical function, and an experimental group which was trained to develop a cognitive strategy by themselves. Both groups each received 10 sessions of the treatment. This study compared the skills for performing daily activities before and after the intervention and analyzed the data with SPSS Ver. 18.0. Results : This study showed a significant improvement in all performance skills in the experimental group (p<.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the performance skills before and after the intervention in the control group (p>.05). Conclusions : It was verified that stroke patients to develop a cognitive strategy by themselves is more effective than to improve the physical function in performance skills for daily activities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2008

Purpose: This study standardizes the position and direction of devices based on general user expectations and stereotypes. Population stereotypes are cognitive structures that contain the perceiver's knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about human groups. In this paper, the stereotypes that people typically expect when manipulating 'cylindrical key-in-knob locks' and 'lever-type water faucet handles' were investigated and data regarding their expectations were collected. Methods: Two sets of 600 participants, between 13 and over 60 years old, were recruited for the experiment. Each group was evenly subdivided into six age groups. Each participant was presented with cylindrical door locks mounted on a miniature door and actual lever-type water faucet handles mounted on a mockup sink. Results: If the cylindrical lock was positioned 'vertically,' 59.2% of the participants expected the device to be locked, and if the lever type faucet handle was positioned 'up,' 63.0% of the participants expected the device to be turned on. Thus, daily-use devices should be designed consistent with user expectations of operation. There was a significant difference between genders for manipulating the faucet handle between up and down. Conclusion: A more general stereotype may be defined by repetitive measurements under the same test conditions with fixed time intervals, as well as accounting for people with cognitive problems.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to identify the characteristics and analyze the quality of studies on memory improvement using a single-subject research design. Methods : Six studies were selected through the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Keywords were memory training, stroke, early dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and single-subject research design. The characteristics and quality levels were analyzed between January 2011 and October 2020. Results : Regarding the quality level, the middle level (7-10 points) was 66.7% of the four articles, and the high level (11-14 points) was 33.3% of the two articles. Reversal designs were used in all studies. Independent variables were errorless learning, smartphone application, cognitive training system (CoTras), spaced retrieval training (SRT) with errorless learning, spaced retrieval training, and iPad applications. The dependent variables included memory, attention, electroencephalogram, instrumental activities of daily living, depression etc., which increased after the intervention. The total session, study period, and intervention time were varied. Conclusion : In single-subject research design related to memory training, occupational therapy intervention was confirmed as an effective method for improving memory and attention. The quality level of single-subject research design was moderate or higher, and high-quality level of studies should be conducted by additional design to increase the validity in the future.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-25
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dual-task training on stroke patients. Methods : We searched the databases such as NDSL, RISS, PubMed, CoChrane and EMBASE for publications in the past decade. Finally, 10 papers were selected. Qualitative assessment was performed according to the traditional single-layer evidence model, and meta-analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.0 program. Results : The quality level of each of the 10 selected papers all correspond to I and II in the traditional single-layer evidence model. The motor tasks that constitute dual-task training comprised walking or balancing tasks in 7 articles and the motor tasks related to upper extremity were selected in 3 studies. The effect sizes for ADL function and Cognitive function were 0.65 and 0.64 (medium size effect) respectively. Moreover, the effect sizes of Lower extremity and Upper extremity motor function were 0.34 and 0.22 (small size effect) respectively. The effect size of ADL function and Cognitive function were statistically significant p<0.05). Conclusion : This study confirmed that dual-ask training can be a useful intervention technique for recovering a stroke patient's ability to perform daily activities and cognitive functions. This could be used as a helpful data when selecting appropriate intervention for stroke patients in the clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.312-320
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• 2013

This study was to examine usefulness of MoCA-K by comparing the correlation between LOTCA-G, MMSE-K and MoCA-K, regarding detecting elderly people's mild cognitive function in local community. The experiments in which the three different evaluation methods were employed, of this study were conducted on 50 elderly people. While the score of MoCA-K and MMSE-K was $22.72{\pm}5.85$ out of 30 and $25.08{\pm}3.78$ out of 30 respectively, the result of LOTCA-G was $96.28{\pm}6.82$ out of 104. Observing each result of the three cognitive function assessment tools towards general characteristics showed no significant differences in gender. However, they were at considerable variance with age and education level of the example group. As all the three results of the assessment methods showed high correlation, it is reasonable to believe that MoCA-K is an appropriate evaluation tool to assess the cognitive function of old people.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

Objective : This study was to evaluate the effects of a Neurofeedback(NFB) and Computer Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation(CACR) training to improve on cognition and affected arm function in stroke subjects. Methods : Participants were randomly allocated to three groups: NFB(n=14), CACR(n=14) and control(n=16). All groups received occupational therapy and physical therapy for 5 session 30 minutes per week during 6 weeks. Also NFB and CACR group practiced additional NeuroComp training and RehaCom training for 30 sessions 30 minutes during 6 weeks. Results were evaluated by cognition, affected arm function. Results : There were significantly increased by CACR training that outcomes of MMSE-K(p<.05). And there weren't significantly difference by NFB and CACR training that outcomes of the affected arm function. And a difference between three groups wasn't found. Conclusion : The NFB and CACR training improves cognitive function. These results suggest that NFB and CACR training is feasible and suitable for individuals with stroke.