• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.344-350
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) into the Korean language. Methods: The process of translation and adaptation of the ICF used here followed the translation guidelines of WHO. Implementation of this procedure comprised of four steps; forward translation, expert panel back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and final adaptation. The translators included health professionals with knowledge of ICF and non-health professionals blinded to the ICF. Clinical academics with significant experience in the use of disability survey, medical doctors, special educators, related policy makers, clinicians, architecture professionals, and international experts in ICF were invited to integrate all versions of the ICF for testing; 151 clinicians volunteered from 19 medical institutes across the country. Four different core-sets and a questionnaire were used for testing its practical usability and adaptation. Results: All translations were reviewed and a consensus was reached on any discrepancy from the earlier versions. Over 90% of the newly translated version of K-ICF was found to be different from the 2004 K-ICF version in the ICF language. Understanding of K-ICF language was responded difficult and very difficult by 50% of participants, whereas its practical use was responded 'useful' by more than 50% of subjects. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the new version of K-ICF should be widely used for final adaptation in the field of areas. Future studies will be required for implementation of K-ICF.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1077-1087
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of respite care. The analysis was conducted by reviewing published intervention studies on the effects of formal respite care for caregivers of dementia patients, patients with dementia, and the prevented or delayed rate of institutionalization of the patients. Method: Two computerized databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL) were searched to find respite care-related articles published from the year of 1981 to 2000. A total of 49 published articles were identified. Of them, nine studies, which met for the inclusion criteria of this study, were included. Results: Results revealed that there was little evidence of the effect of respite care on, not only caregivers' burden, stress, depression and well-being, but also the rate of institutionalization of the patients. It was noteworthy that dementia patients reported fewer problems in behavior, although cognitive functioning and activity of daily living abilities continued to decline. However, these findings should be carefully interpreted because of methodological problems, such as non-random sampling, non random group assignment, a small sample size, uncontrolled confounding variables, limited period of services, and no specific types of services. Conclusion: It is recommended to conduct intervention studies of respite care being conducted in Korea with the corrections of methodological problems suggested from this study.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate symptoms, depression and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients who underwent stoma reversal, and to assess the factors related to their quality of life. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 125 colorectal cancer patients who underwent stoma reversal in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected using the Korean versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core 30 and Colorectal Cancer Specific Questionnaire 38 (EORTC QLQ-C30 and CR38), and the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Participants experienced sexual problems, difficulties in defecation, and nausea/vomiting. About twenty-two percent of the patients were depressed and the mean score for global quality of life was $64.40{\pm}19.43$. The multiple regression showed that social and cognitive functioning, depression, and the location of the anastomosis were the important factors that made contributions to the quality of life in colorectal patients with stoma reversal. Conclusion: Our results suggest that symptom management and emotional support should be incorporated into nursing interventions to improve the quality of life in colorectal patients with stoma reversal.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate smoking history and quality of life in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Method: Data were collected from 157 men who quit smoking or attempted to quit smoking. Quality of life was measured with the SCQoL(smoking cessation quality of life) scale which was developed by Olufade et al. (19?19), and includes 5 factors; social interactions, cognitive functioning, self control, anxiety, and sleep. Result: The patients usually smoking in their twenties (61.8%), continued to smoke for over 30 years (70.7%), and smoked 20-29 cigarettes a day (50.3%). The total mean scores for the SCQoL was $50.48{\pm}7.11$. Of the 5 factors, self control had the highest mean score ($17.00{\pm}3.79$). Patients who began smoking in their twenties had a higher SCQoL. However, there were no significantly differences in the SCQoL according to duration of smoking or amount of smoking per day. Conclusion: Age when smoking is begun is an important variable to explain SCQoL in patients with CAD. But, further study is needed to identify the influence of other variables such as duration and amount of smoking.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.299-310
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess a Korean home environment for middle childhood children. The subjects were 283 mothers of 6- to 8-year-old children in Korea. The method for data analysis included Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's $\alpha$. As a result, 45 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination(Cramer's discriminant coefficients ranged from .256-.615). Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis. Subscales were 'academic stimulation(9)', 'acceptance(4)', 'child-centered environment(4)', 'basic care for daily routine(4)'. Analysis of the relation of this scale to SES, MC-HOME, and children's developmental functioning(cognitive, language, and social) showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for middle childhood children.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the neural substrates associated with processing anger among young males with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Eighteen individuals with AUD and 15 demographically similar non-abusers participated in the study. Participants were scanned on their brain functioning while they viewed an audio-visual film clip that was previously designed specifically to induce anger emotion, followed by anpsychological assessment. Greater brain activities were detected in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) among subjects with AUD compared to the controls during the exposure to anger-provoking stimuli. Despite the same level of subjective anger during anger induction, the greater activations both in the IFG and dACC regions may suggestthat individuals with AUD have a greater propensity to undergo cognitive control and self-regulation while experiencing anger.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

Protecting an infant from a risk of accident was an absolute responsibility and duty of parents in the past. As increase in the ratio of entering kindergartens, the demand of all day program also increases. In infancy, safety concerns are higher than other periods since infants are curious about objects and environments and that have stronger impulse of the spirit of inquiry. Since baby's functioning is poor, an ability of balance maintenance and an exercise function are not sufficiently developed. Further more, they lack a cognitive power about self-control or situation. According to Korea Consumer Agency, safety accidents in infant institution have increased in 115% as 294 cases compared with 137 cases in 2004. Major causes of infant deaths are street accidents, drowning, and deaths from a fall in order. Considering this situation, we need to prevent and deal with accidents. Therefore this thesis grasp the situation and analyze an actual condition of an safety education about teachers who work in such institutions and infants who are educated in institutions to prevent from accidents and make up pleasant environments. Then, it will suggest all efficient safety education plans for infants to them.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

As the life-expectancy is ever-increasing, and the proportion of the elderly population is growing steadily in every society of the world, it is ever more important to establish what factors allow certain elderly people to age successfully and remain relatively independent while others grow old less successfully and require extensive intervention. However, there is no consensus yet as to what successful aging means. Researchers have defined successful aging in a variety of ways. This study attempted to define the concept of successful aging and to clarify some dimensions of it through literature review. Previous approaches of studying successful aging and related themes were examined. Early perspectives including activity, disengagement, and continuity theories, Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) model by Baltes and Baltes, three different conceptions of successful aging, that is, psychological well-being, physical health, and wisdom, and MacArthur research on successful aging have been reviewed for this study. The definition derived from the review is: Keeping up continuous developmental processes to achieve wisdom or ego-integrity, without suffering any major disabilities in either physical or mental functioning, while maintaining psychological well-being and employing SOC strategies, and participating in positive relationships with significant others. The dimensions of successful aging are 1) personal resources, including physical health, cognitive competences, self esteem, and social support 2) adaptation process of SOC, and 3) psychological aspects, including psychological well-being and wisdom.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.96-109
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a nursing assessment tool for senior center nurses, and to test its feasibility and content validity. Methods: The study utilized a psychometric test design. Preliminary items were developed based on geriatric health needs and Gordon's 11 domains of functioning health. Initially, the tool was evaluated for content validity and feasibility. Then, it was administered among 195 older adults in a senior center by a gerontological nurse practitioner. Data were analyzed to describe the nursing problems of the senior center older adults. Results: The final version of the nursing assessment tool consisted of 27 items. The internal consistency, measured with the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, was .74. The result of the assessment showed that senior center older adults had high nursing needs in the area of management of chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and lipids), dental care, community relations, safety, elder abuse, health behaviors (such as drinking), mental health (depression, suicide, and cognitive function), and health consultations. Conclusion: The new tool was feasible for use with senior center participants, and it was evaluated as having high content validity by senior center nurses.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.501-522
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• 2010

In this study, 'Instruments of the achievement attribution in mathematical learning' was develop to investigate the reasons of mathematical learning achievement by reflecting Korean middle school and high school students' psychological characters and learning context in mathematical learning. To develop the appropriate items for the achievement attribution in mathematical learning, after reviewing attribution literature thoroughly, first version of the instrument was developed and Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted. Then, to reduce the effect of the gender difference and achievement level difference, Differential Item Functioning was performed. Also, using Multiple group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, this instrument was investigated to see whether this can be used for both middle school and high school. The final items for success attribution are 3 items for luck, 3 items for effort, 2 items for ability. The failure attribution were composed of 3 items for luck, 3 items for effort, 2 items for ability, and 2 items for other. The instrument was developed by using large samples and psychometric analysis. Therefore, mathematic teachers can use this instrument efficiently to make a foundation for better learning environment so students' cognitive area and affective area can be harmonized.