• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.360-372
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• 2020

The basal ganglia network has been implicated in the control of adaptive behavior, possibly by integrating motor learning and motivational processes. Both positive and negative reinforcement appear to shape our behavioral adaptation by modulating the function of the basal ganglia. Here, we examined a transgenic mouse line (G2CT) in which synaptic transmissions onto the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the basal ganglia are depressed. We found that the level of collaterals from direct pathway MSNs in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) ('bridging collaterals') was decreased in these mice, and this was accompanied by behavioral inhibition under stress. Furthermore, additional manipulations that could further decrease or restore the level of the bridging collaterals resulted in an increase in behavioral inhibition or active behavior in the G2CT mice, respectively. Collectively, our data indicate that the striatum of the basal ganglia network integrates negative emotions and controls appropriate coping responses in which the bridging collateral connections in the GPe play a critical regulatory role.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.694-712
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• 1993

A number of nursing researchers have used the concept of health locus of control over the past decade in Korea. This article reviewed 92 nursing research papers on health locus of control conducted since 1982, and examined type of subjects, design, measurement instruments, the scores of each dimension of the HLOC, and significant variables. Most of the research were correlational in design, used an 18-item 6-point score instrument and studied the relationship between HLOC, health re-lated variables, and cognitive-emotional variables, The health related variables included health behavior, health management, preventive health behavior, compliance to treatment regimen and self care behavior The cognitive-emotional variables included depression, anxiety, stress and self- esteem. Some consistent findings are beginning to emerge. The concept of internal HLOC was positively correlated with the health related variables. But few studies found any significant correlation between powerful others HLOC and health related variables. In the case of chance HLOC, few studies reported a significant relationship. Many of the articles reported significant relationships between internal HLOC and cognitive-emotional variables, but few reported a significant relationship between powerful others or chance HLOC and cognitive -emotional variables. all experimental studies but one found that only internal HLOC was significantly changed following experimental manipulation. When the different groups of subjects such as normal persons, chronic patients, acute patients were compared in terms of mean scores, it was found that the HLOC appeared to change depending on the status of the patients. Recommendations for future research include modification of the instrument to increase the reliability and validity, study about the pattern of response suggested by Wallston and Wallston(1982) and further experimental study on changing the belief of subjects to internal HLOC.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1328-1338
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between cognitive coping, sick role behavioral compliance, depression, and life satisfaction of hemodialysis patients based on the stress-coping model. The research is cross-sectional survey, 150 participants were recruited from 4 local clinics in Chungcheongbuk-do. As a results, the cognitive coping scores were significantly related to sick role behavioral compliance, depression, and life satisfaction. The coping strategies explained 20.5%, 10.5%, and 24.6% of the variances in sick role behavioral compliance, depression, and life satisfaction, respectively. The most powerful coping strategy was positive refocusing in sick role behavioral compliance, depression, and life satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that cognitive coping plays an essential role for psychological adaptation of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, the development and application of intervention program to improve adaption of hemodialysis patients are required.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2002

Purpose: The objectives for this study were to identify the factors that correlate with appraisal of illness and to explore what variables are predictive of cancer patients primary caregivers' cognitive appraisal for stress. Method: The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and 130 caregivers who completed a questionnaire. Measures used in this study included the Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Social Support Index, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales and Family Coping Coherence Index. Pearson correlation was used to identify the relationship among factors and multiple regression was used to determine the individual and cumulative effect of potential predictors on the caregivers' appraisal. Results: Patient's level of activity, severity of the disease, quality of relation between patient and caregiver, caregiver's subjective health status, economic status, family resources and coping were significantly correlated. Among the variables, coping, family resources, economic status and quality of relation between caregiver and patient predicted 49.2 percent of the variance in appraisal of caregivers' stress condition. Conclusion: These findings suggest that coping mechanisms and family resources are important for positive appraisal. Nurses should provide adequate nursing care for the primary caregiver about professional care information and supportive counseling.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-69
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• 2016

Purpose: The prevalence of problematic internet usage among college students is a cause for concern. There is a lack of study examining influences of cognitive protecting or buffering factors on internet addiction among college students. The purpose of this study was to examine influences of depression, ego-resilience, and active stress coping on internet addiction tendency (IAT) among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Data were collected between October and December 2013. A convenience sample of 244 students completed self-report questionnaires consisting of Ego-resiliency Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and Self-report Scale for Internet Use. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for data analysis. Results: We found that higher levels of depression were associated with higher levels of IAT. However, an inverse association was found between active stress coping and IAT. Students who mainly used the internet for chatting showed lower levels of IAT than those who used the internet for games or blogs. These factors explained 15.1% of the variance in IAT of college students. Conclusion: The study results suggest that stress coping strategies and depression are important factors for evaluation when developing intervention programs targeting college students with problematic internet use.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.368-373
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• 2018

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has an essential role in the process of learning and memory in the hippocampus. It has been reported that linalool, a major component of Lavandula angustifolia, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, along with other effects. However, the effect of linalool on the cognitive impairment and behavioral alterations that are induced by REM-sleep deprivation has not yet been elucidated. Several studies have reported that REM-sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits provide a well-known model of behavioral alterations. In the present study, we examined whether linalool elicited an anti-stress effect, reversing the behavioral alterations observed following REM-sleep deprivation in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the effect of linalool. Spatial memory and learning memory were assessed through Y maze and passive avoidance tests, respectively, and the forced swimming test was used to evaluate anti-stress activity. The mechanisms through which linalool improves memory loss and behavioral alterations in sleep-deprived mice appeared to be through an increase in the serotonin levels. Linalool significantly ameliorated the spatial and learning memory deficits, and stress activity observed in sleep-deprived animals. Moreover, linalool led to serotonin release, and cortisol level reduction. Our findings suggest that linalool has beneficial effects on the memory loss and behavioral alterations induced by REM-sleep deprivation through the regulation of serotonin levels.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.789-796
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• 2015

Fighter pilot's ability to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations is important for aviation safety as well as mission performance because pilot may confront frequently unexpected physical and psychological stimulation. Cumulative psychological stress and physical fatigue can be causes of mood distortion, declined alertness, and can lead to reduction of combat capability. We have investigated bio-signals and performance tests to monitor stress and fatigue levels, and developed a system to evaluate aviation mission suitability before flight. This study elucidated that stress and fatigue level of pilot can be monitored by psychomotor cognitive test(PCT) and heart rate variability(HRV), and that the best of reference for aviation mission suitability was confidential interval obtained from cumulative data of individuals. The system to evaluate aviation mission suitability was constructed with measuring part with PCT and HRV and control part with DB and algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.446-456
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for nursing programs in order to reduce depression among middle aged adults by looking at gender differences. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Subjects were 315 adults from February. 15 to March. 2, 2005, using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using $\chi^{2}$-test, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. Results: $\chi^{2}$-test revealed significant gender differences in socio-demographic variables for career, drinking, smoking, and satisfaction with the spouse. The factors that influenced depression for men were stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. For women, those factors were stress, family support, coping skills, and well-being. Conclusions: The results show that gender differences existed in terms of depressions, in terms of factors influencing depression. As a result, when middle aged adults are provided nursing programs, gender differences should be considered. To decrease the depression of men, nursing interventions are needed to decrease their stress and fatigue, and to improve their job satisfaction and self- efficacy. To decrease the depression of women, it is also needed to decrease their stress, to elevate their family support and coping skills, and to support them so that their well-being is perceived good.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.88-98
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to establish a school-based mental health intervention. The success of which was indexed by its effects on the social anxiety symptoms of the enrolled adolescents. Methods : This program for promoting mental health among adolescents in the community was adopted by three middle schools that volunteered to participate in the project. The program included screening for emotional problems related to social anxiety, depression, suicide, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Case management was provided for groups considered high-risk for depression, suicide, or post-traumatic stress disorder; cognitive-behavior therapy was provided for those at high-risk of developing social anxiety. Additionally, educational programs for the prevention of suicide, a "loving life" module, and mental health promotional campaigns were also included. In total, 1,100 middle school students completed self-report questionnaires. Twenty-five students in the high-risk group for social anxiety participated in a cognitive-behavior therapy program, comprising eight sessions, and conducted by two clinical psychologists. Results : Following the suicide prevention education program, suicide awareness among students increased and coping strategies were improved. In addition, the loving life program was associated with positive self-perceptions by many students. Furthermore, social anxiety symptoms showed a statistically significant difference after the cognitive-behavior therapy program. After the therapy, not only did social anxiety symptoms improve, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation decreased significantly, while self-esteem and psychological resilience significantly increased. Conclusion : A school-based mental health intervention was successfully implemented in three middle schools and improved the mental health of the participating students. Therefore, this intervention could be widely implemented to promote positive mental health among middle school students.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2019

As the elderly population is increasing, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a global issue and many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate treatments for AD. As these clinical trials have been conducted and have failed, the development of new theraphies for AD with fewer adverse effects remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the effects of Theracurmin on cognitive decline using 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model. Theracurmin is more bioavailable form of curcumin, generated with submicron colloidal dispersion. Mice were treated with Theracurmin (100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg) for 12 weeks and were subjected to the novel object recognition test and the Barnes maze test. Theracurmin-treated mice showed significant amelioration in recognition and spatial memories compared those of the vehicle-treated controls. In addition, the antioxidant activities of Theracurmin were investigated by measuring the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. The increased MDA level and decreased SOD and GSH levels in the vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice were significantly reversed by the administration of Theracurmin. Moreover, we observed that Theracurmin administration elevated the expression levels of synaptic components, including synaptophysin and post synaptic density protein 95, and decreased the expression levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of activated microglia. These results suggest that Theracurmin ameliorates cognitive function by increasing the expression of synaptic components and by preventing neuronal cell damage from oxidative stress or from the activation of microglia. Thus, Theracurmin would be useful for treating the cognitive dysfunctions observed in AD.