• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2013

The present study examined balanced bilingual children's cognitive and affective perspective-taking and compared them to that of monolingual children. A total of 133 children aged 4 to 5 years and consisting of 73 Korean-English bilinguals and 60 Korean monolinguals were tested with cognitive perspective-taking and affective perspective-taking tasks. Balanced bilinguals were screened through general language ability tests in both English and Korean. Participant backgrounds were collected through a parent questionnaire. Results showed significant differences in affective perspective-taking between bilingual and monolingual children, demonstrating that bilingual children outperformed monolingual children. Although there was no difference in cognitive perspective-taking between bilinguals and monolinguals, the result showed that children's cognitive perspective-taking ability develops with age. This study provides basic information about bilingual children's perspective-taking ability and their bilingual advantage.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) intention perspective taking, (2) cognitive cuing according to infant age, cue type, and emotional-situation fit, and (3) the relationship between a child's intention perspective taking and cognitive cuing. The subjects were 2 groups of 41 infants each aged 3- and S-years-old from two different day-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggi province. Each child was individually interviewed with pictorial tasks. There were significant differences in the children's intention perspective taking according to their age, type of intention, and intention-outcome fit. There were also significant differences in the children's cognitive cuing according to their age, cue type, and emotional-situation fit. A relationship between the intention perspective taking and cognitive cuing was also revealed that is, the thinking and application responses of cognitive cuing were positively related to the children's intention perspective taking.

• 아동학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.5-20
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental tendencies and age-related differences in the relationship between children's cognitive and emotional perspective-taking ability. The subjects were 4-year-old (N=60), 6-year-old (N=60) and 8-year-old (N=60) children. In each group, there were an equal number of boys and girls. Feshbach & Roe's child perspective-taking ability test was modified for this study. The test included four facial expression cards and six different stories inducing three types of emotion: happy, sad and angry. This experiment consisted of a 3 (age) by 3 (emotional stories: happy, sad and angry) factorial design. The dependent measures were two response types: emotional and cognitive perspective-taking ability. The results showed that both cognitive and emotional perspective-taking ability increased with age. Happy emotional perspective-taking ability developed earlier than sad and angry perspective-taking ability. The correlation between cognitive and emotional perspective-taking ability increased with age.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to comprehend the age-related differences in the relationship and developmental tendency between Orphanage and Normal Children's affective and cognitive perspective-taking ability. The subjects were 5-year-old (N=64) and 7-year-old (N=64) children. In each group, there were equal number of boys and girls, 128 Children were composed of(male: 32, female: 32) and orphanage Children(male: 32, female: 32). Feshbach & Roe's child perspective-taking ability test was modified for this study and the test included four facial expression cards and six different stories including three types of affection. In the procedure of study, after a set of story cards containing one of three affective types, the subject was asked to retell the story shown in each cards to study cognitive perspective-taking ability, and for the affective perspective-taking ability. Then the subject was asked to tell the feeling of the hero in the story and to select one of the four facial expression which is consistent with the feeling. The cognitive perspective-taking ability and affective perspective-taking ability response were coded three kinds of scoring respectively. Scored data were analyzed with MANOVA. t-test, Pearson Correlations and Fisher-z test. The results were shown as follow : First, both Orpanage and Normal Children's the cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age. Secondly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's perspective-taking ability was lower than Normal Children's perspective-taking ability. Thirdly, both Orpanage and Normal Children's correlation between cognitive and affective perspective-taking ability increased with age.

• 감성과학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 정서적 인지적 공감 요인으로서 공감적 관여와 조망수용이 행복감을 예측하는지를 확인하고, 그 과정에 인지적 정서조절 기제인 인지적 재평가가 매개하는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 336명의 대한민국 성인 남녀를 대상으로 공감적 관여, 조망수용, 인지적 재평가, 행복감을 포함한 설문을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 공감적 관여와 조망수용은 모두 인지적 재평가, 행복감과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였고, 인지적 재평가 역시 행복감과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 또한 매개분석 결과, 인지적 재평가는 공감적 관여와 행복감 간의 관계는 물론 조망수용과 행복감 간의 관계 사이에서 유의한 수준으로 매개효과를 보였다. 구체적으로, 타인에게 정서적으로 공감하고 또한 인지적으로 이해하고 수용하는 사람들은 정서조절 장면에서 자신에게 처한 상황을 다시 바라보고 재평가하는 경향이 있어, 이는 궁극적으로 행복감으로 이어지는 것이다. 이 결과는 개인이 행복한 삶을 영위하기 위해 삶을 넓은 시각으로 보아야 하며 여기에 타인에 대한 공감이 기여하게 된다는 점을 보여준 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 시사점과 한계점이 함께 논의되었다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2013

Recent developments in embodied cognition suggest that people process environmental information by using their bodily state and mental simulation. The focus of embodiment theory is that cognitive processing is based on the interaction among the body, the mind, and the world. Based on embodied theories of cognition, the authors predict that when the representation of marathon running is activated, bodily feedback such as tiredness and thirst will occur because mental simulation of marathon running contains sensorimotor representation of marathon running. As a result, it is predicted that participants primed with marathon runner will have more desire to have products that enable thirsty-quenching. Specifically, this research proposes that consumers' tendency to adopt the perspective of others influences embodied cognition, since perspective taking leads people to assimilate their own self-judgments and behaviors toward the cognitive representations of others. An experiment reveals that both perceptual and cognitive perspective taking tendencies moderate how participants respond to the contextual cues. The effect of perspective taking is moderated by whether participants are prompted to adopt a first-person view or a third-person view. In detail, among the high perspective takers, those in the marathon-first-person condition drink more the mineral water than those in the marathon-third-person condition, who in turn drink more the mineral water than those in the control condition. Among the low perceptual perspective takers, however, there are no significant differences in the amount of mineral water intake. This research delivers important insights for advertising messages. When being exposed to an advertisement, high perspective taking consumers may be more engaged in the advertised message than low perspective taking consumers, which in turn high (vs. low) perspective taking consumers' tendency to respond behaviorally consistent with the message may be higher. Based on the findings of this research, if the message induces the high perspective taking consumers to have a first- (vs. third-) person view, this effect may be stronger. Moreover, if the advertising message contains behaviors, such as using the target product, inducing consumers to mimic the behaviors seems to bring more behavioral responses which marketers intend.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study was to explore the development of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction and the perspective-taking ability and to examine its relation. The subjects were 104 children, 13 boys and 13 girls each at the age of 3, 4, 5, and 6. The performance of four age groups were compared on illusion appearance-reality, color appearance-reality, perceptual perspective-taking, and cognitive perspective-taking tasks. The data were collected by individual testing and analyzed by the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The major results were as follows. 1. In children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction, significant differences were found between 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds, and 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds. While between 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds showed no such differences. Besides, gender did not affect the children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction. 2. There was significant difference in performance according to the type of tasks. That is 3-year-olds perform better illusion appearance-reality distintion than color appearance- reality distintion, while 4, 5, 6 year old children's performance of color appearance-reality and illusion appearance-reality distinction showed no difference. 3. In children's ability of perceptual perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4, 5-year-olds and 6-year-old children. And in ability of cognitive and perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4-year-olds and 6-year-old children. Besides, gender did not affect the children's perceptual and cognitive perspective-taking. 4. The color appearance-reality distinction and perceptual perspective-taking showed significant correlation. That is, the children of high grade for perceptual perspective-taking were better understanding of color appearance-reality distinction.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2018

To fly a drone or unmanned aerial vechicle(UAV) safely, its pilot needs to maintain high situation awareness of its flight space. One of the important ways to improve the flight space awareness is to integrate both the global and the local navigation map a drone provides. However, the drone pilot often has to use the inconsistent reference frames or perspectives between the two maps. In specific, the global navigation map tends to display space information in the third-person perspective, whereas the local map tends to use the first-person perspective through the drone camera. This inconsistent perspective problem makes the pilot use mental rotation to align the different perspectives. In addition, integrating different dimensionalities (2D vs. 3D) of the two maps may aggravate the pilot's cognitive load of mental rotation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relation between perspective difference ($0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$) and the map dimensionality matches (3D-3D vs. 3D-2D) to improve the way of integrating the two maps. The results show that the pilot's flight space awareness improves when the perspective differences are smaller and also when the dimensionalities between the two maps are matched.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.177-202
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• 2020

In this study the author examines the health information seeking behavior of older adults from the perspective of cognitive load. Using a qualitative method, based on ground theory, data were collected using in-depth interviews. Twenty-eight participants were participating older adults living in G community city, South Korea who experienced seeking health information. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative thematic coding framework. Three themes describing older adults' health information seeking behaviors were focused: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The findings are geared towards the context of older adults' information seeking to support an understanding of successful information seeking behaviors in this population and to contribute to their health and well-being. The intent is to present information on current research in the field of Library and Information Science and to demonstrate how a cognitive load approach can be used to address the problems of older adults' health information seeking behaviors.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2023

Perspective taking, one's knowledge of their own mental and emotional states and inferences about others' mental and emotional states, is an important higher order cognitive skill required in successful writing. However, there has not been much research on the identification and examiantion of the psychometrics of perspective taking. To fill in this gap, I reviewed the psychological and cognitive frameworks of perspective taking including theory of mind, audience awareness, development of epistemological understanding, and argumentation schema. I also reviewed various methods of examining the psychometric properties of perspective taking in written composition, including both manual and computational approaches. The review of literature yielded suggestions on the development of manual coding scheme for perspective taking as well as the selection of indexes to draw from natural language processing tools. Challenges and affordances of combining the manual and computational approach are discussed along with future research directions to advance the field of psycholinguistics.