• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.101-106
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• 1989

음성 및 문자를 통한 컴퓨터와의 정보 교환을 위한 통합 사용자 인터페이스 (Intelligent Man- Machine interface) 시스템의 일환으로 한국어 단모음의 인식을 위한 시스템을 인공 신경망 모델을 사용하여 구현하였으며 인식시스템의 상위 접속부에 필요한 단어 인식 모듈에 있어서의 인지 실험도 행하였다. 모음인식의 입력으로는 제1, 제2, 제3 포르만트가 사용되었으며 실험대상은 한국어의 [아, 어, 오, 우, 으, 이, 애, 에]의 8 개의 단모음으로 하였다. 사용한 인공 신경망 모델은 Multilayer Perceptron 이며, 학습 규칙은 Generalized Delta Rule 이다. 1 인의 남성 화자에 대하여 약 94%의 인식율을 나타내었다. 그리고 음성 인식시의 인지 현상 실험을 위하여 약 20개의 단어를 인공신경망의 어휘레벨에 저장하여 음성의 왜곡, 인지시의 lexical 영향, categorical percetion등을 실험하였다. 이때의 인공 신경망 모델은 Interactive Activation and Competition Model을 사용하였으며, 음성 입력으로는 가상의 음성 피쳐 데이타를 사용하였다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.223-248
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• 2009

Previous research on the impact of pretask planning on subsequent second language (L2) production has mainly focused on the linguistic quality of planned production, while learners' thought processes and perceptions about planning have been relatively less explored. In addition, few previous planning studies have examined whether the learners did in fact follow the pretask instructions, thus leaving the role of pretask instructions in the planning process unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated whether pretask instructions affect attentional allocation as well as what cognitive operations planners engage in and what their perceptions about planning are. Forty-three Korean EFL classroom learners were divided into two groups: before having time to plan for an oral story retelling task, one group received general instructions, while the other group received specific instructions. The findings, based on both quantitative and qualitative data analysis, indicated no large effects of pretask instructions on the planners' attentional focus. Rather, the qualitative analysis identified a number of other factors that influenced learners' decision making as well as their general processes and approaches to planning and their perceptions about planning and thinking aloud while planning. Implications for L2 teaching as well as limitations of the study are discussed.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-265
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• 2010

This study investigates the effects of corpus-based vocabulary tasks on the acquisition of English vocabulary in an attempt to explore the influence of corpus use on EFL pedagogy. For this to be realized, a total of 40 Korean high school students participated in the study over a 4-week period. An experimental group used a set of corpus-based tasks for vocabulary learning, whereas a control group carried out a traditional task (i.e., the L1-L2 translation) for vocabulary learning. To assess learning gains, the students were asked to complete the pre- and post-treatment tests measuring the word form, meaning, and use aspects of target lexical items. Results of the study indicate that in the experimental group the corpus-based vocabulary tasks were beneficial for the learning of word forms and use. In particular, corpus-based benefits were greatest in the low-proficiency EFL learners' collocational aspects of vocabulary use. On the other hand, in the control group, the traditional vocabulary tasks benefited the meaning aspects of target vocabulary items the most. In addition, survey results revealed that most students were positive about the corpus-based learning experience although some expressed reservations about the heavy cognitive load and the time-consuming nature of the analysis of corpus data primarily due to learners' lack of language proficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore the number and type of proverbs known by elementary school children and explain what variables might influence the proverbs' perception. From Seoul and Chonbuk areas, 632 forth, fifth, and sixth graders at elementary school participated. They completed an open-ended questionnaire asking them to list as many proverbs as they know and probing their experience in the use of proverbs with grandparents, parents, and peers. The results showed that the participants listed a total of 185 proverbs, at an average of six proverbs each, and that 63% were a concrete proverb consisting of only concrete and visible nouns. Children reported relatively different ratios of concrete/abstract/complex proverbs according to their grade. Sixth graders perceived more proverbs which included nouns than other graders. Multiple regression analysis revealed that children's grade and using proverbs with peers influenced their proverb perception. These results may suggest a possibility of relationship between figurative language and cognitive development related to thinking of late school-age children.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.209-212
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 text-to-speech 시스템에서 사용할 억양 모델을 위해 벡터 양자화(vector quantization) 방식을 이용한다. 어절 경계강도(break index)는 세단계로 분류하였고, CART(Classification And Regression Tree)를 사용하여 어절 경계강도의 예측 규칙을 생성하였다. 예측된 어절 경계강도를 바탕으로 운율구를 예측하였으며 운율구는 다섯 개의 억양 패턴으로 분류하였다. 하나의 운율구는 정점(peak)의 시간축, 주파수축 값과 이를 기준으로 한 앞, 뒤 기울기를 추출하여 네 개의 파라미터로 단순화하였다. 운율구에 대해서 먼저 운율구가 문장의 끝일 경우와 아닐 경우로 분류하고, 억양 패턴 다섯 개로 분류하여. 모두 10개의 운율구 set으로 나누었다. 그리고 네 개의 파라미터를 가지고 있는 운율구의 억양 패턴을 벡터 양자화 방식을 이용하여 분류(clusteing)하였다 운율의 변화가 두드러지는 조사와 어미는 12 point의 기본주파수 값을 추출하고 벡터 양자화하였다. 운율구와 조사 어미의 codebook index는 문장에 대한 특징 변수 값을 추출하고 CART를 사용하여 예측하였다. 합성할 때에는 입력 tort에 대해서 운율구의 억양 파라미터를 추정한 다음, 조사와 어미의 12 point 기본주파수 값을 추정하여 전체 억양 곡선을 생성하였고 본 연구실에서 제작한 음성합성기를 통해 합성하였다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

It was shown in speech production studies that the preparation unit of spoken word production is language particular, such as onset phonemes for English and Dutch, syllables for Mandarin Chinese, and morae for Japanese. However, there have been inconsistent results on whether the onset phoneme is a planning unit of spoken word production in Korean. In this study, two sets of experiments investigated possible influences of task demands on the phonological preparation in native Korean adults, namely, implicit priming and word naming with the form preparation paradigm. Only the word naming task, but not the implicit priming task, showed a significant onset priming effect, even though there were significant syllable priming effects in both tasks. Following the attentional theory ($O^{\prime}S{\acute{e}}aghdha$ & Frazer, 2014), these results suggest that task demands might play a role in the absence/presence of onset priming effects in Korean. Native Korean speakers could maintain their attention to the shared onset phonemes in word naming, which is not very demanding, while they have difficulties in allocating their attention to such units in a more cognitive-demanding implicit priming, even though both tasks involve accessing phonological codes. These findings demonstrate that there are cross-linguistic differences in the first selectable unit in preparation of spoken word production, but within a single language, the preparation unit might not be immutable.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to study and suggest a new classification method of the medical serious games which take the second major part of serious games after the educational games. Based on the classification suggested, various possibilities of medical serious games are suggested. Especially, how movement based language and contents can be used on various kind of medical serious games such as rehabilitation and cognitive behavioral therapy is explored.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.517-528
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• 2010

The number of young children who attend daycare center, preschool or kindergarten and are taken care of by teachers during a day has skyrocketed in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of the research on infant/child-teacher attachment in Korea. Thirty five studies (5 doctoral dissertations, 24 masters' theses, and 6 academic journal articles) published from 1993 to 2010 were analyzed in the matter of the publication period, the related variables, and methodology for analyzing the data. The findings are as follows: 1) More than two-thirds of the research were from masters' theses. The number of studies conducted in the late 2000s doubled compared to that in the 1990s. 2) Each study on infant/child-teacher attachment had at least one related variable regarding social, emotional, cognitive or physical development, but not language. The studies on infant/child-teacher attachment related to social development have rapidly increased in the late 2000s. 3) The majority of studies were conducted using quantitative analyses and Attachment Q-set version 3.0. Difference analysis and relational analysis were most frequently used in many studies. There was only one study which was analysed with the advanced statistical methodology. The implication for a future study was also discussed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

This study attempted to determine the effects of a cooperative and cognitive group therapy compared to individual therapy in 24 aphasic subjects. Two dependent variables were measured overall language performance, functional communication skills. 18 subjects with different types and severity of aphasia participated in the group therapy. 6 aphasic subjects participated in the individual therapy and they functioned as a control group. The subjects were ranged from 27 to 59 years in age. The group therapy using the cooperative learning utilized the following procedures. First, 6 aphasics constituted 1 group where each subject peformed a task and they monitored one another. Second, 2 aphasics consisted 1 group and they cooperated to perform a task. Third, 3 groups with 2 aphasics in a group competed one another in a task where the 2 aphasics had to cooperated. Finally, the investigator gave the feedback to the group and she and the subjects discussed the overall procedures of the therapy. The above mentioned 2 tests were administered pre- and post-treatment. A repeated two-way ANOVA was performed for analysis. The results showed that the group therapy was more effective in improving overall language performance as compared to the individual therapy. And, the group therapy was more effective in increasing functional communication skills as compared to the individual therapy.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.184-190
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 Text-to-Speech 시스템에서 사용할 억양 모델을 위해 음성 DB에서 모델 파라미터와 피치 검색테이블(lookup-table)을 추출하여 미리 구성하고, 합성시에는 이를 추정하여 최종 F0 값을 생성하는 자료기반 접근방식(data-driven approach)을 사용한다. 어절 경계강도(break-index)는 경계강도의 특성에 따라 고정적 경계강도와 가변적 경계강도로 세분화하여 사용하였고, 예측된 경계강도를 기준으로 억양구(Intonation Phrase)와 액센트구(Accentual Phrase)를 설정하였다. 특히, 액센트구 모델은 인지적, 음향적으로 중요한 정점(peak)을 정확하게 모델링하는 것에 주안점을 두어 정점(peak)의 시간축, 주파수축 값과 이를 기준으로 한 앞뒤 기울기를 추정하여 4개의 파라미터로 설정하였고, 이 파라미터들은 CART(Classification and Regression Tree)를 이용하여 예측규칙을 만들었다. 경계음조가 나타나는 조사, 어미는 정규화된(normalized) 피치값과 key-index로 구성되는 검색테이블을 만들어 보다 정교하게 피치값을 예측하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 억양 모델을 본 연구실에서 제작한 음성합성기를 통해 합성하여 청취실험을 거친 결과, 기존의 상용 Text-to-Speech 시스템에 비해 자연스러운 합성음을 얻을 수 있었다.