• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-190
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• 2011

This research investigates listening strategies and the relationship between the employment of strategy and listening proficiency of Korean EFL middle school students. One hundred and four middle school students (N = 104) participated in this study and their strategy use was assessed through a questionnaire adapted from Oxford's (1990) SILL and O'Malley and Chamot (1990). To measure listening proficiency, the English Listening Ability Test designed by 15 city and provincial offices of education in Korea was used. The results show that students employed a moderate use of strategies; compensation strategies were used most frequently and metacognitive strategies were used the least frequently. Significant differences were found in the use of implicit strategy among different listening proficiency groups, but not in their use of behavioral strategy. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the use of implicit memory, cognitive and compensation strategies among groups of students with different listening proficiencies, but not in their use of metacognitive strategy. The results from multiple regression analysis indicate that implicit strategy use could play an important role in listening comprehension. The findings suggest the need for additional research to explore the effect of listening strategy training for English language learners.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.451-459
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to make a design and implementation of a diagnosis system of learning misconception of students who learn 'be' verb in the English language by using fuzzy theory. In this system, a fuzzy cognitive map exposes the fact that students' perception and misunderstanding about 'the English' language have an intertwined relationship, and diagnoses causes of misconceptions of students by using fuzzy memory associative memory. It suggests that since most existing systems of rule based expert system have had several limitations, this system will be applied to diagnose learners' misconception of learning in varieties of education areas.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2005

한글의 글꼴 동일성 여부가 단어 우월 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 두 편의 실험을 수행하였다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 바탕체 글꼴을 탐사 자극으로 사용하여 검사 자극과의 글꼴 일치 여부가 단어 우월 효과에 미치는 영향을 자극 제시 시간에 따라 알아보았다. 두 번째 실험에서는 첫 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 토대로 탐사 자극의 글꼴을 각각 바탕체와 세벌체로 하고, 검사 자극이 탐사 자극과 일치하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우의 단어 우월 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 두 실험 결과, 탐사 자극과 검사 자극의 글꼴 일치 여부는 한글 단어 우월 효과에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 탐사 자극과 검사 자극의 문자형이 서로 달라도 단어 우월 효과가 나타날 수 있음을 의미하는 것으로 단어 우월 효과가 국지적인 시각 자극의 속성에 영향을 받지 않음을 보여주는 것이다.

• Language and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

Summarization is a complex cognitive task and its simulation is very difficult for machines. This paper presents an automatic summarization strategy that is based on a discourse categorization of the textual information. This categorization is carried out by the automatic identification of discourse markers in texts. We defend here the use of discourse methods in automatic summarization. Two evaluations of the summarization strategy are presented. The summaries produced by our strategy are evaluated with summaries produced by humans and other applications. These two evaluations display well the capacity of our application, based on EXCOM, to produce summaries comparable to the summaries of other applications.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.19-36
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• 2007

This study explored proverb comprehension and use in elementary school children by familarity and concreteness of proverbs and children's age, sex, experience of living with grandparents. The 529 fourth and sixth grade participants completed a questionnaire probing knowledge of 16 proverbs; 4 each in four categories(familiar-concrete, familiar-abstract, unfamiliar-concrete, and unfamiliar-abstract). Results showed highest comprehension scores for familiar-concrete proverbs. Sixth graders obtained higher comprehension score than fourth graders in all four proverb categories. There was no difference between grades in frequency of proverb usage. An interaction effect between grade and sex showed that female sixth graders had the highest comprehension score. These results suggest a possibility of relationship between figurative language and cognitive development related to abstract thinking in late school-age children.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.537-553
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• 2002

This paper discusses various problems related to the teaching of English grammar at Korean universities. We first discuss whether English grammar should be taught at universities, and, if it is, what kind of English grammar needs to be taught. We propose that the English grammar we teach to Korean undergraduate students be eclectic in the sense that the traditional grammar established by Jespersen and others be the major source of instruction, supplemented, if necessary, by school grammar and also by linguistically oriented grammars such as generative grammar or cognitive grammar. Then we discuss the content of the English grammar that should be included in the curriculum : (i) present perfect vs. past, (ii) will vs. be going to, (iii) must vs. have to, (iv) may vs. can, (v) infinitives vs. gerunds, (vi) conative constructions, and (vii) the passive.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.210-222
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• 2007

Regarding Korean psych-adjectives and their -e ha- counterparts, e.i., [psych-adjective + -e ha-] constructions, what is at issue is how to capture the semantic difference and similarity between the two. Concerning this issue, one of the most controversial and difficult problems is whether the psych-construction has Action (Agency) as part of its meaning. The purpose of this paper is to solve this problem by answering the question why psych-constructions are much more natural when they are used as negative imperative than when they are used as positive imperative. First, in order to figure out why positive imperative is not allowed, we show that.e ha- adds the meaning of non-volitional action to psych-adjectives, using Jackendoff's Conceptual Semantics. Secondly, in accounting for why negative imperative is so natural, we show, with Talmy's Force Dynamics theory, what the speaker requires from the hearer is internal volitional action.

• Language and Information
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• v.1
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• pp.227-276
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• 1997

There has been no nuanimous analysis of specific indefinites. It is still disputed even whether specificity is a matter of semantics of pragmatics. In this paper, I introduce some properties of specific indefinites, and explain them based on the meaning of specificity. Specificity intuitively means that the speaker or someone else in the context has some individual in mind, which is generally accepted among liguistics. The main issue is how to represent the meaning of 'have-in-mind'. I review some philosophical discusstions of cognitive contact and show that when the use of an expression involves 'have-in-mind', the expression is rigid designator in the belief of the agent who has an individual in mind. in the use of a specific indefinite, this applies only to the information state of the agent of 'have-in-mind'. To represent this asymmetry, I propose a new theory of dynamic semantics, in which a common ground consists of multiple information states, as many as the number of the participants in a conversation. Moreover, each information state is structured as a set of epistemic alternatives, which is a set of possible information states of a participant in the context. Based on this semantics, the properties of specific indefinites are explained.

• Language and Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-47
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• 2007

In this paper I discuss two markers for specificity, etten and han, in Korean. First, I discuss their structural properties and claim that etten is a determiner, and han is a numeral preceded by an implicit existential quantifier. Then I discuss four uses of etten and two uses of han, and show when they are used as specificity markers. There are various properties of the two specificity markers, some of which they have in common. I take them as properties of specificity markers in general. The properties only one of them has are taken to come from the original meanings of the two morphemes. I claim that specific indefinites range over individual concepts, which lead to the properties they have in common.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.191-195
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• 1999

자연스럽고 명료한 한국어 Text-to-Speech 변환 시스템을 위해서 음소의 지속 시간을 제어하는 일은 매우 중요하다. 음소의 지속 시간은 여러 가지 문맥 정보에 의해서 변화하므로 제어 규칙에 의존하기 보다 방대한 데이터베이스를 이용하여 통계적인 기법으로 음소의 지속 시간에 변화를 주는 요인을 찾아내려고 하는 것이 지금의 추세이다. 본 연구에서도 트리기반 모델링 방법중의 하나인 CART(classification and regression tree) 방법을 사용하여 회귀 트리를 생성하고, 생성된 트리에 기반하여 음소의 지속 시간 예측 모델과, 자연스러운 끊어 읽기를 위한 휴지 기간 예측 모델을 제안하고 있다. 실험에 사용한 음성코퍼스는 550개의 문장으로 구성되어 있으며, 이 중 428개 문장으로 회귀 트리를 학습시켰고, 나머지 122개의 문장으로 실험하였다. 모델의 평가를 위해서 실제값과 예측값과의 상관관계를 구하였더니 음소의 지속 시간을 예측하는 회귀 트리에서는 상관계수가 0.84로 계산되었고, 끊어 읽는 경계에서의 휴지 기간을 예측하는 회귀 트리에서는 상관계수가 0.63으로 나타났다.