• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2017

To prepare the Cu-based filler material indicating enhanced oxidation resistance property and Ag content, Ag-coated Cu particles was fabricated by Ag plating of 40 wt % on the spherical Cu particles with an average size of $2{\mu}m$ and their oxidation behavior was also evaluated. In the case that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used alone, the fabricated particles frequently showed broken structures such as delamination at Ag shell/core Cu interface and hollow structure that are induced by excessive galvanic displacement reaction. As a result, fraction of defect particles increased up to 19.88% after the Ag plating of 40 wt.%. However, the fraction in the 40 wt.% Ag-coated Cu particles decreased to 9.01% and relatively smooth surface and dense microstructure in the Ag shell were also observed with additional usage of hydroquinone as a complexing agent. Ag-coated Cu particles having the enhanced microstructure did not show any weight increase by oxidation for exposure to air at $160^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, indicating increased oxidation resistance property.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.548-552
• /
• 2004

Intracanal disinfection of infected root canal is one of important treatment procedure. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate whether the surface polymers of controlled release drug (CRD) can effectively control the release rate of chlorhexidine for root canal disinfection. Four CRD prototypes were prepared: Group A (n=12); The core device (absorbent paper point) was loaded with 40% CHX solution as control. Group B (n=12); same as group A, but the device was coated with chitosan. Group C (n=12); same as group A and then coated three times with 5% PMMA. Group D (n=12); same as group A and then coated three times with 3% PLGA. All CRD prototypes were soaked in 3 mL distilled water for experimental periods and the concentrations of released CHX from each CRD prototype were determined using a UV spectrophotometer. Results showed that release rate of CHX were the greatest in the non-coated group (control group), followed by the chitosan-coated group, the PLGA-coated group, and the PMMA-coated group (P < 0.05). This data indicate that surface polymers can control the release rate of CHX from the CRD prototypes.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2021

This study demonstrates a new method for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles composed of an inorganic silica shell and organic core particles. The organic core particles are prepared with a uniform size using droplet-based microfluidic technology. In the process of preparing the organic core particles, uniform droplets are generated by independently controlling the flow rates of the dispersed phase containing photocurable resins and the continuous phase. After the generation of droplets in a microfluidic device, the droplets are photo-polymerized as particles by ultraviolet irradiation at the ends of microfluidic channels. The core particle is coated with a nano complex composed of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and phosphate ion (Pi) through strong non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction under optimized pH conditions. The polyamine nano complex rapidly induces the condensation reaction of silicic acid through the arranged amine groups of the main chain of PAH. Therefore, this method enabled the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid particles coated with inorganic silica nanoparticles on the organic core. Finally, we demonstrated the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in a short time under ambient and environmentally friendly conditions, and this is applicable to the production of organic-inorganic hybrid particles having various sizes and shapes.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to prepare dual-layered coated compact pellets containing three nutrients Glucose, Chromium picolinate, Vitamin C) for rumen bypass. The core compact pellets were prepared by an extrusionspheronization method and then double layered coated with pH independent EC (ethyl cellulose) and pH-dependent polymers ($Eudragit^{(R)}$ E100) using a fluid-bed spray coater. Depending on the coating levels of EC and $Eudragit^{(R)}$ E100, release profiles were variable in simulated rumen (pH 6.8) and abomasums (pH 2.0) fluid using USP apparatus I (basket method). When compact pellets were coated with EC (about 10% level in inner layer) and then $Eudragit^{(R)}$ E100 (20% level in outer layer) in a dual-layered manner, rumen-bypass delivery resisting rumen fluid followed by release in abomasums fluid could possible. The friability was also satisfactory based on chewing behavior of ruminants. The dual-layered coated compact pellets showed smooth surface and distinct inner/outer layers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current rumen bypass delivery system can be also applicable to deliver other nutrients in ruminants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.2279-2282
• /
• 2007

Highly crystalline, uniform Fe nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and encapsulated in zirconia shell using sol-gel process. Two different approaches have been employed for the coating of Fe nanoparticle with zirconia. The thickness of zirconia shell can be readily controlled by altering molar ratio of Fe nanoparticle core to zirconia precursor in the first case where as reaction time was found to be most effective parameter to controlled the shell thickness in the second method. The structure and magnetic properties of the ZrO2-coated Fe nanoparticles were studied. TEM and HRTEM images show a typical core/shell structure in which spherical α-iron crystal sized of ~25 nm is surrounded by amorphous ZrO2 coating layer. TGA study showed an evidence of weight loss of less than 2% over the temperature range of 50-500 °C. The nanoparticles are basically in ferromagnetic state and their magnetic properties depend strongly on annealing temperature. The thermal treatment carried out in as-prepared sample resulted in reduction of coercivity and an increase in saturation magnetization. X-ray diffraction experiments on the samples after annealing at 400-600 °C indicate that the size of the Fe@ZrO2 particles is increased slightly with increasing annealing temperature, indicating the ZrO2 coating layer is effective to interrupt growing of iron particle according to heat treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.183-187
• /
• 2007

$SiO_2/TiO_2$ core-shell particles with controlled shell thickness were prepared using large silica particles. The thickness of titania coating layer was varied from 8 nm to 38 nm depending on the number of coating steps from 1 to 3 times. After titania coating, the core-shell particles showed textured surface due to the titania coating layer, resulting in 3~25 times increase of specific surface areas. The properties of titania coated silica particles were characterized by FE-SEM, Zeta potential meter, BET, and XRD.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2008

Asymmetric glass lens core for portable projection optic system was designed and simulated. And it was machined by newly developed non-rotational ultra precision grinding method. With the designed lens data which optimized for multi-collimation, we generated the we core surface data. Mold pressing conditions analyzed by FEM. In the machining process, ground profile errors were compensated based on measured data, minimized feed rate and depth of cut. The deviations of machined core profile were acceptable level for glass mold press. Mold pressed glass array lens was coated with $SiO_2\;and\;Ta_2O_5$ for anti-reflection.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2016

Expensive silver powder is used to form electrodes in most IT equipment, and recently, many attempts have been made to lower manufacturing costs by developing powders with Ag-Ni or Ag-Cu core-shell structures. This study examined the sintering behavior of Ag-Ni electrode powder with a core-shell structure for silicon solar cell with high energy efficiency. The electrode powder was found to have a surface similar to pure Ag powder, and cross-sectional analysis revealed that Ag was uniformly coated on Ni powder. Each electrode was formed by sintering in the range of $500^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$, and the specimen sintered at $600^{\circ}C$ had the lowest sheet resistance of $5.5m{\Omega}/{\Box}$, which is about two times greater than that of pure Ag. The microstructures of electrodes formed at varying sintering temperatures were examined to determine why sheet resistance showed a minimum value at $600^{\circ}C$. The electrode formed at $600^{\circ}C$ had the best Ag connectivity, and thus provided a better path for the flow of electrons.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2009

Carbon-coated Cu nanopowders with core/shell structure have been successfully fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method, in which a mixed gas of Ar/$CH_4$ (10 vol.%) was used as an ambient gas. The characterization of the samples was carried out using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). It was found that the nanoparticles show a spherical morphology with the size ranging of 10-40 nm and are covered with graphite layers of 2-4 nm. When oxygen-passivated Cu nanopowders were annealed under flowing argon gas (600 and 800$^{\circ}C$), the crystallinity of $Cu_2O$ phase and the particle size gradually increased. On the other hand, carbon-coated Cu nanopowders remained similar to as-prepared case with no additional oxide or carbide phases even after the annealing, indicating that the metal nanoparticles are well protected by the carbon-coating layers.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.12 no.6 s.53
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2005

Copper is able to work as a current collector under wide range of hydrocarbon fuels without coking in Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The application of copper in SOFC is limited due to its low melting point, which result in coarsening the copper particle. This work focuses on the sintering of copper powder with ceria coating layer. Ceria-coated powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of urea in $Ce(NO_3)_3\cdot6H_2O$ solution, which containing CuO core particles. The ceria-coated powder was characterized by XRD, ICP, and SEM. The thermal stability of the ceria-coated copper in fuel atmosphere $(H_2)$ was observed by SEM. It was found that the ceria coating layer could effectively hinder the grain growth of the copper particles.