• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2021

A tidal power plant (TPP) has been in operation since the end of 2011 to improve the water quality of Shihwa Coastal Reservoir (SCR). Tidal mixing rate increased 5.6 times after the TPP operation so that in this study, its effects on water quality was assessed through statistical analysis of long-term water quality monitoring data. It was found that the increased tidal mixing contributed to solving the hypoxia problem in the bottom water by preventing the summer stratification. The analysis also showed that the increased tidal mixing had different effects depending on the relative concentration difference for each water quality substances between the SCR and the outside of SCR. The average concentrations of some substances (chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a) with higher concentrations than the outside of SCR decreased due to the dilution effect, but the other substances (total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) with lower concentrations compared to the outside ones increased on the contrary. Factor analysis also showed a consistent result that the first factor accounting for the water quality was changed from the organic-related substances to the nutrient-related substances after the increased tidal mixing. These results imply that the focus of future water quality management needs shifting from the organic substances to the nutrients, particularly dissolved inorganic nutrients. Considering the effect of inflow seawater on the nutrients, the management area should be extended to cover not only SCR but also a certain area outside of SCR.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Salt marsh is an important transitional zone among terrestrial, riverine, and marine ecosystems and is a productive habitat that interacts extensively with adjacent landscape elements of estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Nowadays, in addition to various human activities, a variety of natural processes induce changes in salt marshes. This study aims to provide background information to restore disturbed salt marshes and to propose their ecological restoration using seed banks. The study area is a prepared area for the Gwangyang Container Port located in the southern Korea. This area was formed by accumulating mud soils dredged from the bottom of the forward sea. This land was created in a serial process of preparing the Gwangyang container port and the salt marsh was passively restored by seeds buried in mud soil dredged from seabed. As a result of stand ordination based on vegetation data collected from the land, stands were arranged according to tolerance to salinity in the order of $Suaeda$ $maritima$, $Salicornia$ $europaea$, and $Phragmites$ $communis$ communities on the Axis 1. Landscape structure of the projected area was analyzed as well. Edges of the projected area were divided from the marginal waterway by the dike. Four types of vegetation appeared on the dike: $Alnus$ $firma$ plantation, $Robinia$ $pseudoacacia$ plantation, $Lespedeza$ $cyrtobotrya$ plantation, and grassland. In the more internal areas, two types of vegetation sequences appeared: $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $glauca$ community-$Salicornia$ $europaea$ community sequence and $Aster$ $tripolium$ community-$Suaeda$ $maritima$ community-$S.$ $europaea$ community sequence. Mixed community showed the highest species diversity (H' = 0.86) and $S.$ $europaea$ community showed the lowest (H' = 0.0). Evenness is the highest in Mixed community (J' = 2.26) and the lowest in $S.$ $maritime-S.$ $europaea$ community (J' = 0.0). Several plant communities were successfully established on the land created by mud soil dredged from the bottom of Gwangyang Bay. Moreover, community diversity in this area approached a similar level with those from other studies involving natural salt marshes. Therefore, restoration effect based on community diversity obtained in our study can be evaluated as a successful achievement. In this respect, although most salt marshes in Korea and other places worldwide have been destroyed or disturbed by excessive land use, feasibility of seed bank as a restoration tool is greatly expected.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2007

본 연구는 우이도 해안사구식생의 군락구분과 분포, 그리고 생육지 환경의 생태적 특성을 밝힘으로써 해안 사구식생의 관리, 보존 및 복원에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 조사는 Braun-Blanquet(1964)의 식물사회학적 방법에 의하여 실시하였다. 우이도의 사구식생은 순비기나무군락, 왕잔디군락, 보리사초군락, 갯쇠보리군락, 띠군락, 좀보리사초군락, 갯메꽃군락, 모래지치군락, 그리고 배후식생으로 상록침엽수림인 곰솔군락의 총 9개 군락으로 구분되었다. 사구식생을 구성하고 있는 식물들 중에서 갯메꽃(77%), 순비기나무(74%), 보리사초(66%), 왕잔디(50%), 띠(47%) 등의 상재도가 높게 나타났으며, 이 중 갯메꽃은 가장 높은 상재도에도 불구하고 각 군락내 절대기여도는 낮은 상태를 보였다. 사구식물의 분포와 생육 특성에서는 순비기나무, 보리사초, 왕잔디 등이 불안정사구에서 안정사구지가지 폭넓게 분포한데 반하여 갯쇠보리와 띠는 주로 안정사구지에서 군락을 형성하였다. 특히 보리사초는 모래의 퇴적이 계속되는 불안정사구지에서 우점 분포하였으며, 좀보리사초와 모래지치는 담수주변부에서 국지적으로 분포하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.821-825
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is the assessment of changes in the leisure patterns of users of the Eulsook-do before and after the estuary dike construction. The following survey research method was conducted to implement the study, sampling by age was carried out selectively and randomly alike. A total of 319 persons were chosen for final analysis, excluding questionnaires answered found to be inappropriate. To measure the image of the lower Nakdong River around the Eulsook-do, with advice sought from experts, researchers, through several pilot tests, developed a 24-item semantic differential scale(SDS) that has two bi-polar adjectives at each end Study of the pre- and post- construction images of the Eulsook-do located on the coast of Busan suggests the dike construction has brought about negative changes in the Eulsook-do's overall image. There can be two alternatives for improving the negative image: restoration and development.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2013

An earthworm survey of Busan metropolitan area unearthed a dozen taxa in four families (including Enchytraeidae). Members of mostly common, cosmopolitan earthworm species-complexes were: Drawida cf. koreana Kobayashi, 1938, Amynthas cf. corticis (Kinberg, 1867), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dug$\grave{e}$s, 1828) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). Also found were Amynthas hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895), A. masatakae (Beddard, 1892) and Metaphire ryunome Blakemore, 2012 - the latter a new Korean record. New taxa are: moniligastrid Drawida songae yeongdo subsp. n.; megascolecid Amynthas carnosus roki subsp. n. which is compared to nominal taxon A. carnosus (Goto and Hatai, 1899) from Japan, to A. carnosus monstriferus (Kobayashi, 1936) stat. n. from Korea and to A. lichuanensis Wang and Qiu, 2005 stat. n. from China; plus lumbricid Eisenia japonica vaga subsp. n. deemed an objectively-based molecular taxon on its unique DNA COI gene barcode. Restoration of Eisenia xanthurus (Templeton, 1836) for E. andrei is mooted (in Appendix).

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.139.1-139
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2007

In Korea, there has been no revegetation applicable standard for slopes formed by road construction work up to now, so revegetation work has been done using mostly foreign varieties in the manner of early revegetation. However, foreign varieties have some shortcomings; for example, they tend to be dried to death after construction work. Besides, due to the rift in the supporting soil, these revegetated varieties are often displaced from the slopes. Thus, the Ministry of Construction & Transportation on July, 2005 established revegetation standard on the slopes suited for the natural eco-system of Korea and organized positively recommending directions for using self-sewn plants growing near the slopes in overall consideration of soil, weather, regional conditions. The locations specified in this direction are the slopes at the road construction jobsite like the expressway, highways, and local roads. In addition, the Ministry's standard and directions stipulated that damaged slopes's natural environment and eco-system due to various road construction work should be restored, and thus a feeling of stability and pleasantness should be provided to road users as well. Also, the Ministry tried to select seed plants and revegetation measures suited for surrounding environment to put the environment-friendly slope revegetation measures into practice through the test revegetation work in order to prevent illegal construction practices and to improve the quality of revegetation. According to the direction, revegetation districts aimed at the slopes are divided into three ones in consideration of weather environment, regional environment, and forest environment as follows : national territory's core ecological green-land based district centering on the Taebaek Mountains; coastal ecosystem district including islands off the coast; inland eco-system district. The combination of revegetation plants according to environment revegetation districts, should be executed by dividing into herb-oriented type, woody plant colony type, and bio-species versatility restoration type, and the selection of seeding plants should be done in the presence of a supervisor and through test construction results and technology counseling from a specialist in natural eco-system restoration and revegetation measure seed combination standard according to environment revegetation districts. This direction will be executed in the manner of monitoring until the yea 2008 and 2009 it will be finalized and enforced on December, 2009.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2002

We present a planting plan of the buffer-forest belts created at the boundary area of the waste landfill site which is located in the coastal area of Kyubg-Gi province. In order to form a proper section of ground soil excavated from the sea and a forest which shows a distinction of the vegetation stratification, the planting plan with trees, sub-trees, shrubs, and seedlings (produced at a sprout cultivation place) is devised with an adjustment of planting density. 1. The preparation of mounding is required for planting at a waste landfill site. We first estimate an economical and efficient banking height together with the quantity of soil, and prepare a planting ground with excavated ground soil for the consideration of soil recycling. On the planting ground a banking with a height of 1.5-2m is produced by self-supported soil, playing a role in a salt blocking and an irritation layer of planting. Finally, an additional banking with a height of 2m is produced by qualified vegetation soil, forming a vegetation section with a total height of 6m. 2. Since the planning site is located in the border, the planting area is composed of two regions : one is an inclined face (slope 1 : 3) toward the inside of the landfill site and the other is an inclined face (slope 1 : 4) toward the inland. The buffer planting in the former (latter) region consists of wind break forest (mixed-landscape forest) within a width of less than 35m. 3. Based on the data obtained from the literatures and the investigation of local plants, we choose the 21 plant species (such as Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia, Albizzia julibrissin and etc.) and the additinal 7 species which are grown at a sprout cultivation palce of the SUDOKWON landfill site (Rosa rugosa, Quercus acutissima, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu., and etc.). Sub-trees with a height of above 2.5m and seedlings are planted with an interval of $1.5{\times}1.5m$ ($0.45roots/m^2$) and $0.5{\times}0.5m$ ($4roots/m^2$), respectively. Here, both trees exhibit communities planting with more than three rows. Shrubs are planted with $9-16roots/m^2$, depending on their size. Since this case study provides a reference of the planting beds as well as a planting plan at the SUDOKWON landfill site, it is not sufficient for the present plan to be utilized for the formation of buffer-forest belts which are used for the analysis of environmental factor and the reduction of environmental pollutants in the sea waste landfill site. Thus, further studies with the ecological basis are demanded for the environment planting restoration in the sea waste landfill site.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.687-693
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• 2013

다양한 난개발과 해안도로, 방파제 등의 인공 구조물 설치로 인한 해안 침식과 해안선 파괴 등으로 해안사구가 크게 훼손되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해안사구에서 서식하고 있는 토착식물의 근권으로부터 식물 성장 촉진 능력이 있으면서 동시에 염분에 강한 내성을 가지는 근권세균의 library를 구축하였고, 이들 균주를 대상으로 식물 성장 촉진 능력을 평가하였다. 또한, 내염성 식물을 대상으로 사구 토양에서의 성장률에 근권세균이 미치는 영향을 평가한 후, 훼손된 사구의 복원에 가장 유용한 미생물을 선별하고 분리된 근권세균이 식물 성장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험은 선정된 균주와 갯기름나물과 줄무늬갈대를 해안사구에 식재한 후 성장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, MH1RS1는 (IAA) production, siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) 그리고 염분내성을 가지고 있다. 갯기름나물의 경우는 줄기의 길이와 뿌리의 무게는 크게 향상되었다. 특히, 줄기의 생체와 뿌리 무게는 control과 비교했을 때 25% 성장이 향상되었다. 줄무늬 갈대는 Bacillus aerius MH1RS1 에 의해 초장은 18%와 뿌리의 생체 중은 20%로 크게 향상 되었다.