• Title/Summary/Keyword: Coastal plants

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Energy Flow in a Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystem (海岸 鹽濕地 生態系의 에너지 流轉)

  • Kim, Joon-Ho;Beung Tae Ryu
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 1985
  • Energy flow through the trophic levels was studied at a salt marsh ecosystem distinguished into low and high marsh. Gross primary productions of Suaedeto-Salicornietum and Artemisieto-Limonietum at low marsh were 8, 299 and 13, 154kca/$m^2$/yr, and those of Calama-grostetum and Sonchuso-Setaetum at high marsh were 17, 899 and 15, 177kca/$m^2$/yr, respectively. Efficiencies of solar energy utilization of plants were 1.7 and 2.6% at the former, and were 3.6 and 3.2% at the latter. Of gross productions, net primary productions were 3, 977 and 5, 280kca/m2/yr at low marsh and were 6, 354 and 5, 329kca/$m^2$/yr at high marsh, and the remainder, 52~67%, was consumed by respiration of plants. A small amount (0.03~0.04%) of the net primary production was flowed through grazing food chain and most amout was transferred into dead parts. Of dead parts, 40% was accuulated as litter and the rest was decomposed into detritus. In the detritus food chain, a little energy was utilized by detritus feeder, and a major by microorganism. The amounts of energy flowed through grazing and detritus feeders at high marsh were much more than those at low marsh, but tertary production as spider was Vice versa.

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Validity of Wind Generation in Consideration of Topographical Characteristics of Korea (지형에 따른 예상풍력발전단지에 관한 고찰)

  • Moon, Chae-Joo;Jung, Kwen-Sung;Cheang, Eui-Heang;Park, Gui-Yeol
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.81-84
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    • 2008
  • This paper discussed the validity of wind force power generation in consideration of the topographical characteristics of Korea. In order to estimate the exact generation of wind power plants, we analyzed and compared wind resources in mountain areas and plain areas by introducing not only wind velocity, the most important variable, but also wind distribution and wind standard deviation that can reflect the influence of landform sufficiently. According to the results of this study, generation was higher at wind power plants installed in southwestern coastal areas where wind velocity was low than at those installed in mountain areas in Gangwondo where wind velocity was high. This suggests that the shape parameter of wind distribution is low due to the characteristics of mountain areas. and the standard deviation of wind velocity is large due to the effect of mountain winds, and therefore, actual generation is low in mountain areas although wind velocity is high.

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Ecological Studies on the Coastal Plants in Korea-Floristic Compositon and Standing Crop of the Sand Duen on the Southern Coast (한국 해안식물의 생태학적 연구 - 남해안의 사구식물군락의 종조성과 현존량)

  • Lee, Woo Tchul;Sand-Keun Chon
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.177-186
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    • 1983
  • Vegetation types and their standing crop in the sand dune on the south coast of Korea was investigated by the method of Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. (1951). The relationship between vegetation types and environmental factors was also analyzed. The dominant species in the vegetations of the south coast sand dune were Carex pumila, Calystegia soldamella, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Vitex rotundifolia, Ixeris repens, Carex kobomugi, Zoysia macrostachya. The species density in the sand dune vegetation increased with the distance from the coast, psammophyte and rhizome psammophyte decreased with the distance from the coast but other plants increased. The standing crop of the sand dune vegetatiion was average $53.79g/m^2$. An individual standing crop of Vitex routundifolia and Carex kobomugi varied with the curve of secondary degree. The salt content of the sand dune soil from 2.95 to 11.78 mg %, and it was not significant differences among stands, but it was varied with the distance form the coast. Negative relationship between warmth index and aboveground standing crop was found and the formula y=283.8886 - 2.4910X could be estimated.

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Distributional Characteristics of Rare Plants Native to Chungnam Area in Korea (충남지역에 자생하는 희귀식물의 분포특성)

  • Shin, Hak-Sub;Han, Sang-Hak;Choi, Chul-Hyun;Son, Sung-Won;Yun, Chung-Weon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.83-98
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted on rare plants distributed in Chungnam area from April, 2012 to November, 2017. The rare plant populations that are emerging are: Utricularia pilosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Iris ruthenica, Tipularia japonica, Calanthe discolor, Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa, Ranunculus kazusensis, Berchemia racemosa, Pogonia minor and Glehnia littoralis. According to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), plant resources in the rare species category were one important type (CR), three hazardous species (EN) and six vulnerable species (VU). As a result of analyzing characteristics of ecological environment and threats, five types of habitat types, two aquatic areas, two types of flatland and coastal sand dune distribution types were analyzed. The decreasing tendency of the rare plant populations in the surveyed area is judged to be artificial disturbance and habitat destruction rather than climate or environmental change. Considering the characteristics of habitat, conservation measures should be prepared for each population.

Ecological Studies on the Coastal Plants in Korea -On the Sand Duen Vegetation of the Western Coast- (韓國海岸植物의 生態學的 硏究 - 西海岸의 沙丘植生에 關하여 -)

  • Lee,Woo Tchul;Sang-Keun Chon
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.74-84
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    • 1983
  • The dominant species of the sand vegetation in the western coast of Korea were Carex pumila, Ischaemum antheporoides, Calystegia soldanella, Carex kobomugi and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. The salt content of the sand dune soil and of the atmosphere of surveyed areas ranged from 3.93 to 13.86 mg% and from 25.81 to 168.86mg% respectively. Between the salt content of the atmosphere and that of the soil positive relationship was found. Species density and Simpson's index increased with the distance from the coast, the former was exponential, however, the latter was linear. The composition of biological types in the investigated stands were H-D4-R1-3-e or H-D4-R1-3-t. Relative numbers of psammophytes and rhizome psammophytes decreased with the distance from the coast, but those of other plants increased. The standing crop of the sand dune vegetation ranged from 0.04 to 491.64g/m2 and the average 27.77g/m2. This was varied as the stands and showed a linear increment as the distance from the coast was increased. The salt content of atmosphere significantly affected the density, T/R ratio in the standing crop and Simpson's index. The salt content of soil showed similar tendency on the density and the T/R ratio.

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Numerical Simulation of the Water Temperature in the Al-Zour Area of Kuwait

  • Lee, Myung Eun;Kim, Gunwoo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.334-343
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    • 2019
  • The Al-Zour coastal area, located in southern Kuwait, is a region of concentrated industrial water use, seawater intake, and the outfall of existing power plants. The Al-Zour LNG import facility project is ongoing and there are two issues regarding the seawater temperature in this area that must be considered: variations in water temperature under local meteorology and an increase in water temperature due to the expansion of the thermal discharge of expanded power plant. MIKE 3 model was applied to simulate the water temperature from June to July, based on re-analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the thermal discharge input from adjacent power plants. The annual water temperatures of two candidate locations of the seawater intake for the Al-Zour LNG re-gasification facility were measured in 2017 and compared to the numerical results. It was determined that the daily seawater temperature is mainly affected by thermal plume dispersion oscillating with the phase of the tidal currents. The regional meteorological conditions such as air temperature and tidal currents, also contributed a great deal to the prediction of seawater temperature.

Soil Physical-chemical Characteristics on Indigenous Plant and Naturalized Plant of Coastal Sand Dune on Central-western Coastal Area, Korea (중부 서해안 해안사구 자생식물과 귀화식물 군락의 토양특성 비교)

  • Kim, Chan-Beom;Son, Yowhan;Bae, Yeong-Tae;Park, Ki-Hyung;Youn, Ho-Joong;Kim, Kyongha;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.102 no.3
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    • pp.323-330
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to know the effect of major physical-chemical characteristics of soil to be in the area of indigenous and naturalized plant in the sand dune of the western coastal area of Korea. The study was performed on the sand dunes distributed across Taean-gun and Buan-gun and the study period was from April to October in 2010. Sixty nine of $5m{\times}5m$ study plots were installed and the distribution of plants were investigated. We measured the soil characteristics including soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available $P_2O_5$, soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cation, EC and NaCl. As a result, soil texture was classified as sand, in case of average pH, NaCl, and EC of soil to be in the area of indigenous herbaceous plant were 7.77, 0.03% and $0.52ds.m^{-1}$, indigenous woody plant of the mean pH, NaCl and EC were 7.31, 0.01%, $0.23ds.m^{-1}$. In case of naturalized herbaceous plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.12, 0.01%, $0.29ds.m^{-1}$, naturalized woody plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.34, 0.01%, $0.20ds.m^{-1}$ respectively. On average, naturalize plants showed in low salinity concentration than indigenous plants.

Plant Growth Promotion of Calystegia soldanella and Ischaemum anthephoroides by the Strain Penicillium citrinum KACC43900 (Penicillium citrinum KACC43900에 의한 갯메꽃과 갯쇠보리의 생장촉진활성)

  • You, Young-Hyun;Hwang, Jeong-Sook;Yoon, Hyeok-Jun;Khan, Sumera Afzal;Rim, Soon-Ok;Bae, Jeong-Jin;Choo, Yeon-Sik;Lee, In-Jung;Kong, Won-Sik;Lee, Byung-Moo;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.9
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    • pp.1373-1377
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    • 2010
  • Coastal sand-dune plants can survive very effectively with the help of various microbes, especially ecto- and endomycorrihizae. Penicillium citrinum KACC43900 was screened according to growth promoting activity on sand-dune plants Calystegia soldanella and Ischaemum anthephoroides. In this study, coastal sand-dune plants were treated with a fungal culture filtrate of endophytic fungus P. citrinum KACC43900 to confirm the promotion of plant growth. C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were used as representative coastal sand-dune plants, and their shoot length, plant length, and dry weight were analyzed. The shoot lengths of control C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were 8.60 cm and 8.12 cm, and those of samples treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 16.30 cm and 10.56 cm, respectively. The plant lengths of control C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides were 14.90 cm and 14.80 cm, and those of samples treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 24.06 cm and 17.06 cm, respectively. The dry weight of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides treated with fungal culture filtrates of C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides for 20 days were 0.163 g and 0.032 g, respectively. It was shown that the growth of shoots in C. soldanella and I. anthephoroides was promoted, 89.54% and 29.60%, by culture filtrate of P. citrinum KACC43900.

Development of Seashore Paspalum Turfgrass with Herbicide Resistance

  • Kim, Kyung-Moon;Song, In-Ja;Lee, Hyo-Yeon;Raymer, Paul;Kim, Beom-Seok;Kim, Wook
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.427-432
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    • 2009
  • Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm season grass and indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of coastal areas worldwide. The species is used as feed for cattle and horses and has been very successful for golf courses worldwide. One of the most outstanding characteristics of seashore paspalum is its tolerance to saline soils compared to other warm season turfgrasses. The development of new seashore paspalum cultivars with improved traits could be facilitated through the application of biotechnological strategies. The purpose of this study was to product for herbicide resistant seashore paspalum using Arobacterium-mediated transformation and this study is the first report on transformation and herbicideresistant transgenic plants in seashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were induced from the seeded variety of pseashore paspalum. Embryogenic calli were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA3301 with two genes encoding gusA and bar. Transformed calli and plants were selected on medium containing 3 mg/l PPT. PCR detected the presence of the gusA and bar gene, indicating both genes are integrated into the genome of seashore paspalum. A chlorophenol red assay was used to confirm that the bar gene was expressed. By application of herbicide BASTA, the herbicide resistance in the transgenic seashore paspalum plants was confirmed.

Anti-Corrosion Properties of TiN-Coated Bolt for Application to Nuclear Power Plants Located Near Coastal Areas (해안에 인접한 원자력발전소에 적용하기 위한 체결볼트의 TiN박막 코팅처리를 한 체결볼트의 방식특성)

  • Lee, Su-Been;Lee, Jin-Woo;Park, Soo-Jeong;Kim, Yun-Hae
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.356-360
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    • 2016
  • Recently, the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants has been considered. Thus, it is necessary to consider facility safety management and economic management. However, when the bolts in nuclear power plants are replaced and the turbines of nuclear power plant are disassembled, numerous problems are found in relation to stuck bolts in clamping parts. In order to solve these problems, a hybrid vacuum chamber was first designed and manufactured. It can perform arc ion plating and sputtering, which were used to deposit Ti/TiN on an A913 B7 bolt. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to determine the composition and characteristics of the bolt, and tests were conducted to determine how long the bolt could endure under various conditions in a nuclear power plant. The SEM and XRD results clearly showed a continual and even coating layer. When this TiN-coated bolt is used in a nuclear power plant, the lifetime can be extended compared to a conventional bolt, but it is necessary to determine what additional properties are required.