• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.80.1-80.1
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• 2015

We present a study of outflows on 24 embedded young stellar objects selected from the source list of the Dust, Ice, and Gas in Time (DIGIT) Herschel key program. To study the relation between the CO outflows observed in low-J transitions and the properties of protostars more consistently with a homogeneous data set, we mapped the CO outflows of the selected targets in the J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 lines with two Korean telescopes (SRAO and TRAO). We compare CO outflow force ($F_{CO}$) with the bolometric luminosity, ($L_{bol}$) bolometric temperature, and the FIR molecular line luminosities of CO, $H_2O$, OH, and [O I] detected by the Herschel-PACS observations. We find that $F_{CO}$ of J = 1-0 is greater than that of 2-1 by a factor of ~ 2. The well known correlation between $F_{CO\;2-1}$ and $L_{bol}$ is not very evident in our sample as a whole, but they show a rather strong correlation when IRAM 04191+1522 is excluded. IRAM 04191+1522 has relatively high $F_{CO\;2-1}$ in spite of its low $L_{bol}$. This object is a well-known VeLLO, which is believed in the quiescent phase of the episodic mass accretion in the embedded stage. $L_{bol}$ traces a current accretion, but $F_{CO\;2-1}$ traces accretion happened long ago. Therefore, the low-$L_{bol}$ with the high-$F_{CO\;2-1}$ can be explained by the episodic accretion. $F_{CO\;2-1}$ shows little correlation with individual FIR line luminosities of CO, $H_2O$, OH, while [O I] and total FIR line luminosity seem to have correlations with $F_{CO\;2-1}$. This result is interpreted as the accretion energy deposits on species differently depending on shock properties, but the total FIR line luminosity sums the total accretion energy dispersed to different species.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) specimens treated with piperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP), methylpiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MPIPEABP), and N,N-dimethylethylenediaminomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (MDEDAP). MDF Plates were painted in three times with 15 wt% solution of the alkylenediaminoalkyl-bis-phosphonic acids at the room temperature, respectively. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was indicated that the specimens treated with chemicals showed the later time to peak mass loss rate ($TMLR_{peak}$) = (340475) s than that of virgin plate by reducing the burning rate. In adition, the specimens treated with chemicals showed the higher $CO_{mean}$ production (0.0883~0.0963) kg/kg than that of virgin plate. Especially, the specimens treated with chemicals showed the higher mean smoke extinction area ($SEA_{mean}$) ($5m^2/kg{\sim}21.5m^2/kg$) than that of virgin plate. Thus, It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated alkylenediaminoalkyl-bis-phosphonic acids in the virgin MDF Plate. However, It gave a negative effect on smoke reduction.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2010

The aim of this study is selection of the male-sterile plant for inhibiting transgene flow through gamma-irradiation ($^{60}Co$) at the pollination and fertilization cycle of herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). High frequencies of plant mutations were obtained about 18% from $M_1$ generation at the doses (10 to 50 Gy). We also found that some $M_1$ plants showed male-sterile plants using de-husked seeds and comparison of stainable pollen using $KI-I_2$ solution. Besides the effects of irradiation on pollination and fertilization cycle, various other mutations like dwarf, cold tolerance, increasing grains and mass were observed. Four of dwarfism plants were selected through comparison of morphological characteristic between control and mutants during 4 years. These results demonstrated that the gamma-irradiation on pollination and fertilization cycle is very effective to induce the various mutations, and the male-sterile mutants are useful for controlling transgene flow and developing of high quality turfgasses.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

We investigated whether the combination of phytochemicals and acetic acid in the form of fruit vinegar provides an additive effect on changes of mRNA levels related to fatty acid oxidation in human hepatocyte (HepG2). Among the seven fruit vinegars (Rubuscoreanus, Opuntia, blueberry, cherry, red ginseng, mulberry, and pomegranate) studied, treatment of HepG2 with pomegranate vinegar (PV) at concentrations containing 1 mM acetic acid showed the highest in vitro potentiating effect on the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$, carnitinepalmitoyl transferase-1, and acyl-CoA oxidase compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Reversed-phase liquid chromatography in combination with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed four potential compounds (punicalagin B, ellagic acid, and two unidentified compounds) responsible for altered gene expression in HepG2 cells treated with PV as compared with the others. Further investigations are warranted to determine if drinking PV beverages may help to maintain a healthy body weight in overweight subjects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1456-1463
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• 2022

The aim of this work is to study the radiation shielding properties of cement samples with waste glass incortated into its composition. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the samples were experimentally determined to evaluate their radiation shielding ability. The experimental coefficient was evaluated using NaI detector for gamma energies between 59.53 keV and 1408.01 keV using different radioactive point sources Am-241, Eu-152, Co-60, and Cs-137, and the gamma transmission parameters half-value layer, mean free path, and transmission factor were calculated. The theoretical coefficient of the composites was determined using Geant4 and XCOM software. The results were also compared against Geant4 and XCOM simulations by calculating the relative deviation between the values to determine the accuracy of the results. In addition the mechanical properties (including Compressive and porosity) as well as the thermogravimetric analysis were tested for the present samples. Overall, it was concluded that the cement sample with 50% waste glass has the greatest shielding potential for radiation shielding applications and is a useful way to reuse waste glass.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.855-863
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• 2017

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating dynamic cross-talk between tissues and organs. A detailed description of molecules that are differentially expressed upon changes in adipose tissue mass is expected to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity and related metabolic co-morbidities. Our previous studies suggest a possible link between endophilins (SH3Grb2 proteins) and changes in body weight. To explore this further, we sought to assess the distribution of endophilin A2 (EA2) in human adipose tissue and experimental animals. Human paired adipose tissue samples (subcutaneous and visceral) were collected from subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery and abdominal liposuction. We observed elevated EA2 gene expression in the subcutaneous compared to that in the visceral human adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression negatively correlated with adiponectin and chemerin in visceral adipose tissue, and positively correlated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ in subcutaneous adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression was significantly downregulated during differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, this study provides a description of EA2 distribution and emphasizes a need to study the roles of this protein during the progression of obesity.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.595-609
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• 2017

Due to high in-situ stress and brittleness of rock mass, the surrounding rock masses of underground caverns are prone to appear splitting failure. In this paper, a kind of loading-unloading variable elastic modulus model has been initially proposed and developed based on energy dissipation principle, and the stress state of elements has been determined by a splitting failure criterion. Then the underground caverns of Dagangshan hydropower station is analyzed using the above model. For comparing with the monitoring results, the entire process of rock splitting failure has been achieved through monitoring the splitting failure on side walls of large-scale caverns in Dagangshan via borehole TV, micro-meter and deformation resistivity instrument. It shows that the maximum depth of splitting area in the downstream sidewall of the main power house is approximately 14 m, which is close to the numerical results, about 12.5 m based on the energy dissipation model. As monitoring result, the calculation indicates that the key point displacement of caverns decreases firstly with the distance from main powerhouse downstream side wall rising, and then increases, because this area gets close to the side wall of main transformer house and another smaller splitting zone formed here. Therefore it is concluded that the energy dissipation model can preferably present deformation and fracture zones in engineering, and be very useful for similar projects.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2016

The approach presented in this article refers to the bioanalytical method validation for the detection and quantitative determination of arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). The arsenic species were separated using an agilent As speciation column by a mobile phase of 2 mM sodium phosphate monobasic, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate, 10 mM sodium acetate, 3 mM sodium nitrate and 1 % ethyl alcohol at pH 11 (adjusted with 1M NaOH). The method validation experiment was obtained selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, system suitability, dilution integrity and various stabilities. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R²>0.999) within test ranges. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL for As(III), As(V) and DMA, and 20 ng/mL for MMA. The system suitability and dilution values were within 6.5 % and 7.7 %. Subsequently, the developed and validated HPLC-ICP/MS method was also successfully applied to determine the arsenic speciation in dog plasma samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 91.5–102.2 %. Therefore, this method could be applied to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies in biological samples.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.328-338
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• 2021

Humanity has been suffering from the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that began late in 2019. In 2020, for the first time in history, new vaccine platforms-including mRNA vaccines and viral vector-based DNA vaccines-have been given emergency use authorization, leading to mass vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to review the currently most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, investigate their immunogenicity and efficacy data, and analyze the vaccine safety profiles that have been published, to date.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.569-572
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• 2008

최근 각광 받고 있는 서버 기반 컴퓨팅(SBC, Server-based Computing)은 많은 수의 서버가 필요하기 때문에 많은 수의 서버를 관리할 수 있는 관리자 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 관리자 네트워크를 필요에 따라, 코맨드 센터(CC, Command Center), 서버 에이전트(SA, Server Agent), 관리자 인터페이스(Manager Interface), 유저 에이전트(UA, User Agent)등 네 가지 모듈로 분리하여 필요한 시스템 기능을 구현하는 것만으로 저비용으로 신뢰성 있는 네트워크를 구축할 수 있는 네트워크 프레임워크를 개발하고, 그 성능을 측정하였다.