• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.400-408
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare EMG activity during horticulture motion and upper limb rehabilitation motion, to confirm whether horticulture motion is suitable for upper extremity rehabilitation of hemiparesis. Design: Three-group cross-sectional design. Methods: The 45 subjects were divided into three groups: hemiparesis (n=15), elderly (n=15) and healthy (n=15). We have recorded EMG signals of six upper limb muscles Upper trapezius (UT), Middle deltoid (MD), Anterior deltoid (AD), Biceps brachii (BB), Triceps brachii (TB), Brachioradialis (BR) during horticultural motions and three upper limb rehabilitative motions. The dependent variables were peak EMG, integral EMG, co-contraction ratio. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the horticultural motion and rehabilitation motion of the three groups. Results: The peak EMG was significantly different in MD, AD, BB, TB according to the motion(p<0.05), and the UT, BB were significant differences according to the group(p<0.05). The integral EMG was significantly different in MD, AD, BB, TB, BR according to the motion(p<0.05), and the BB were significant differences according to the group(p<0.05). The co-contraction ratio was significantly different in TB/BB according of the motion, and there was no difference between the groups. Conclusions: As a result of this study, horticultural motion alone was insufficient for upper arm rehabilitation, and horticultural motion alone was insufficient to induce continuous activity of the forearm.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

Carbon monoxide (CO) binds to soluble guanylate cyclase to lead its activation and elicits smooth muscle relaxation. The vascular tissues have a high capacity to produce CO, since heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) is constitutively expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and HO-1 can be greatly up-regulated by oxidative stress. Moreover, the substrate of HO, heme, is readily available for catalysis in vascular tissue. Although the activation of heme oxygenase pathway under various stress conditions may provide a defence mechanism in compromised tissues, the specific role of HO-1-derived CO in the control of aortic contractility still remains to be elucidated. The present study was done to determine the effect of HO-1 induction on the aortic contractility. Thus, the effects of incubation of aortic tissue with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) for 1 hr on the aortic contractile response to phenylephrine were studied. The preincubation with SNAP resulted in depression of the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine. This effect was restored by HO inhibitor or methylene blue but not by NOS inhibitor. The attenuation of vascular reactivity by preincubation with SNAP was also revealed in endothelium-free rings. $AlF4^--evoked$ contraction in control did not differ from that in SNP-treated group. These results suggest that increased production of CO was responsible for the reduction of the contractile response to phenylephrine in aortic ring preincubated with SNAP and this effect of SNAP was independent on endothelium.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

This paper experimentally deals with the excitation by functional electrical stimulus(FES) and the response of electromyo-potential at the muscles of antebrachial joint in a human body. The excitation of FES, which results in the contraction of the muscles and thus the flection of the joint, shows that the flection angle of the joint is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus current. The response of electromyo-potential measured according to the FES shows the linearly-proportional relation between the joint torque and the electromyo-potential. The results can be used for active motion of joint rehabilitation.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2008

Due to the construction technique (or the construction culture) growth in and out of Korea, newly-developed insulation have been continuously released. Furthermore, all legislation and regulation that World follows are gradually becoming unified. (e.g. FTA(Free Trade Agreement) with the United States was contracted, and inevitable FTA contraction with EU and China). In addition, insulation type, with the purpose are becoming unified. Accordingly, KS F 2803 legislated in 1966 about the Domestic Insulation Standard including traditionally used insulation(Rockwool, Fiberglass, Polystrene, Polyurethan, Perlite) has to be amended by considering International Standard and the alternatives. This reference is going to make description for solution of contradiction.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.136-142
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• 2007

Due to the construction technique (or the construction culture) growth in and out of Korea, newly-developed products have been continuously released. Furthermore, all legislation and regulation that the World follows are gradually becoming unified. (e.g. FTA(Free Trade Agreement) with the United States was contracted, and inevitable FTA contraction with EU and China ), For this reason, it is considered that Korean fire regulation on building interior materials needs to be reviewed and compared with that of international standard so that it becomes legitimate and reasonable one. Especially, this reference is going to make a description of building interior materials' Flame retardant performance standard.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 2000

Objective : This experiment is aimed at clarifying the characteristics of spasmodic basilar arteries in the rabbits of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) with observation of vascular response to nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin-1. Material and Methods : Seventy-nine New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups : control(n=17), sham operation(n=13), postictal-2-day(n=25), and postictal-7-day group(n=24). Rabbits in the postictal-2-day group and postictal-7-day group underwent transfemoral vertebral angiography 2 days and 7 days after SAH respectively. A vascular ring of spasmodic basilar artery was harvested and suspended in organ chamber($37^{\circ}C$) to observe isometric tension changes in response to NO and endothelin-1 under both high(95% $O_2$/5% $CO_2$) and low(95% $N_2$/5% $CO_2$) $O_2$ tension. To investigate the vascular response to NO, acetylcholine from $10^{-7}M$ to $3{\times}10^{-4}M$ concentration was applied to basilar artery ring precontracted with histamine $10^{-6}-10^{-5}M$ in the organ chamber. The vascular response to endothelin-1 was observed by applying endothelin-1 from $10^{-11}M$ to $3{\times}10^{-8}M$ concentration into organ chamber. Results : Seven of 15 live rabbits which underwent angiography 2 days after SAH, were confirmed to develop vasospasm($64.3{\pm}11.2%$) whereas seven of 13 live rabbits which underwent angiography 7 days after SAH, were confirmed to develop vasospasm($64.9{\pm}10.9%$). In all groups, hypoxia significantly reduced the vascular relaxation of basilar arteries to NO. However, hypoxia made no influence on the vascular contraction of basilar arteries to endothelin-1 in all groups. In vascular relaxation of basilar arteries to NO under high $O_2$ tension between groups, the maximum relaxation of basilar arteries in the postictal-7-day group was significantly reduced compared to the postictal-2-day group. In vascular contraction of basilar arteries to endothelin-1 under high $O_2$ tension between groups, the maximum contraction of basilar arteries in the postictal-7-day group was significantly reduced compared to the postictal-2-day group. Conclusions : This experiment suggests that the characteristics of vascular response to NO and endothelin-1 in the spasmodic basilar arteries of rabbits observed 2 days after SAH is different from those observed 7 days after SAH.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

The structural changes of $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode material for lithium ion battery during the first charge was investigated in comparison with $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$ using a synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction technique. The structural changes of these two cathode materials show similar trend during first charge: an expansion along the c-axis of the unit cell with contractions along the a- and b-axis during the early stage of charge and a major contraction along the c-axis with slight expansions along the a- and b-axis near the end of charge at high voltage limit. In $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode, however, the initial unit cell volume of H2 phase is bigger than that of H1 phase since the c-axis undergo large expansion while a- and b- axis shrink slightly. The change in the unit cell volume for $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ during charge is smaller than that of $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}O_2$. This smaller change in unit cell volume may give the $Li_{1-x}Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.3}O_2$ cathode material a better structural reversibility for a long cycling life.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 1995

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of baclofen on the detrusor muscle isolated from rat. Rats (Sprague-Dawley) were sacrificed by decapitation and exsanguination. Horizontal muscle strips of $2mm{\times}15mm$ were prepared for isometric myography in isolated muscle chamber bubbled with 95% / 5%-$O_2$ / $CO_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$, and the pH was maintained at 7.4. Detrusor strips contracted responding to the electrical field stimulation (EFS) by 2 Hz, 20 msec, monophasic square wave of 60 VDC. The initial peak of EFS-Induced contraction was tended to be suppresed by ${\alpha},{\beta}$-methylene-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (mATP), a partial agonist of purinergic receptor, and baclofen, a $GABA_B$ receptor agonist (statistically nonsignificant). The late sustained contraction by EFS was suppressed significantly (p < 0.05) by additions of atropione, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist and baclofen. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate-induced contraction was completely abolished by mA TP but not by baclofen. In the presence of atropine, the subsequent addition of acetylcholine could not contract the muscle strips: but the addition of acetylcholine in the presence of baclofen evoked a contraction to a remarkable extent. These results suggest that in the condition of present study, the cholinergic innervation may play a more important role than the purinergic one, and baclofen suppresses the contractility of rat detrusor by the stimulation of the $GABA_B$ receptors to inhibit the release of neurotransmitter from the cholinergic nerve ending.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2008

Respiration is induced by muscular contraction of the chest and abdomen, resulting in the abdominal volume change. Thus, continuous measurement of the abdominal dimension enables to monitor breathing activity. Conductive rubber cord has been previously introduced and tested to develop wearable application for respiratory measurements. This study implemented respiratory monitoring system with the conductive rubber cord in the patient's pants in purpose of quantitative estimation of tidal volume. Air mixed with $0{\sim}5%$ $CO_2$ was inhaled and the respiratory air flow rate, abdominal dimension change, and end tidal $CO_2$ concentration were simultaneously measured in steady state. $CO_2$ inhalation significantly increased the tidal volume in normal physiological state with the subject unawared. The tidal volume estimated from the abdominal dimension change linearly correlated with the tidal volume measured by a pneumotachometer with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. Customized calibration for each subject resulted in relative errors less than 10%. Therefore, the tidal volume was accurately estimated by measuring the abdominal dimension change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Pit and rim formation on the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS) plastic surface was evaluated after it was irradiated by $CO_2$ and Nd:YAG laser beams. Our results show that thermal effect floor was well observed at the outer wall of pit with $CO_2$ laser irradiated while it was not the case with Nd:YAG laser irradiated. Also the volume and depth of pit formation increase proportionally with the energy intensities of two laser irradiations, but there are significant differences in the slope, width, and FWHM of the Pit formation with two types of laser irradiations. This result shows that $CO_2$ laser irradiation leads to better cooling contraction effect while Nd:YAG laser irradiation induces better recoil pressure effect during the interaction between ABS plastic and laser beam irradiation. The shape of the laser marking could vary significantly depending on the traveling path of molten plastic during injection molding of ABS plastic. Therefore, the selection of material and molding process can have a great impact on the performance of optical storage media.