• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2010

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Cnidii Rhizoma Herbal solution at $GB_{34}$(Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia in rats. The author performed several experimental items to analyze the levels of various components and enzymes in serum, urine and liver, as well as the histological change of liver and aorta. Results : 1. In the Cndii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture group, The levels of total cholesterol were significantly decreased, and the ratio of HDL to Total cholesterol, Phospholipid/total cholesterol were significantly increased as compared with those of the control group. 2. In the Cndii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture group, HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly decreased than those of the control group NP(needle prick) group and saline group. 3. In the Cndii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture group, phathohistological change of liver was suppressed as compared with the control group. Conclusions : From the above results, it is suggested that Cndii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture at $GB_{34}$ has a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.283-287
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• 2004

The effect of water extract from Cnidii Rhizoma (CRW) on proliferation of human breast cancer cells, nitric oxide production, nitric oxide synthase expression, and ornithine decarboxylase activity was tested. CRW inhibited the growth of both estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-23I human breast cancer cells. Lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly reduced by CRW at the concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/ml. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also suppressed with the treatment of CRW in Raw 264.7 cells. CRW inhibited induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, which is enhanced in tumour promotion. Therefore, CRW is worth further investigation with respect to breast cancer chemoprevention or therapy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.4 s.135
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

Cnidii Rhizoma water extract (CRW) was tested for liver cancer chemopreventive potential by measuring the inhibition of phase I enzyme and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. There was 17.0% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme with the treatment of 150 mg/ml CRW. At concentration of 30 mg/ml CRW, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metablites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was inhibited by 33.3%. CRW was potent inducer of quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in cultured murine hepatoma Hepalc1c7 cells. However, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level was not influenced by CRW. These findings suggest that CRW has chemopreventive potential of liver cancer by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and inducing QR and GST activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.282-287
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• 1996

Cnidii rhizoma is one of the most important crude drugs used particularly for the treatment of female genital inflammatory diseases in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were examined employing animal models. It was found that $H_2O$ extract and n-BuOH fraction inhibited significantly the edema formation after the subplantar injection of carrageenin at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in a dose-dependent fashion, where MeOH extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at a oral dose of 200 mg/kg. In Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis, H2O extract and n-BuOH fraction exerted their significant inhibitory activity on the edema formation at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The $H_2O$ extract and n-BuOH fraction also showed significant analgesic activity in a dose-dependent manner in acetic acid-induced writhing test.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate protective effects of Pharmacopuncture Solutions (PSs) made by Carthmi Flos (CF), Cnidii Rhizoma (CR) and Astragali Radix (AR) on C6 glioma cells Methods : We investigated the effects of PSs on proliferation rates and types of C6 cells, and also investigated the effects on LDH release. In addition, protective effects of PSs on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and SOD-like activities were also investigated. Results : PSs made by CF, CR and AR did not show cytotoxicity in various concentrations. CF-PS and AR-PS elevated levels of proliferation rates significantly. Treatment with CF-PS lowered level of LDH release in C6 cells. In addition, CF-PS and CR-PS showed protective effects on cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide respectively. Finally, CF-PS group showed high level of SOD-like activity compared to that in CR-PS group. Conclusion : These results suggest that CF-PS can accelerate proliferation of neuroglial cells, and has protective action against oxidative stress, which was involved in anti-oxidative effects such as SODlike activities. In addition, CR has protective effects against oxidative stress, and AR can accelerate proliferation of neuroglial cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1572-1575
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• 2006

Water extract from Cnidii Rhizoma (CRW) was tested for colon cancer chemopreventive activity by measuring the induction of phase II detoxification enzyme activity [quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and glutathion (GSH) levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. CRW inhibited cell proliferation in cultured HT-29 cells. CRW induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 0.1${\sim}$5.0 $mg/m{\ell}$. GST activity was also induced with the treatment of CRW in HT-29 cells. In addition GSH levels was increased with CRW. CRW inhibited ODC activity, a key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, which is enhanced in tumor promotion. These results suggest that CRW has colon cancer chemopreventive activity by increasing phase II enzyme activity and GSH levels and inhibiting ODC activity in vitro.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.79-95
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• 2003

To clarify the botanical origins of oriental medicines which have been argued or confused for plant origins, species of original plants were investigated through the textural research for oriental medicines and the comparison of Chinese, Korean, Japanese and North Korean Pharmacopoeia. Twenty oriental medicines were studied; Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rhei Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Osterici Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Saposhnikovae Radix, Magnoliae Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Zanthoxyli Fructus, Achyranthis Radix, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, Polygonati Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, Visci Herba et Loranthi Ramulus, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Pogostemonis Herba, and Curcumae Longae Radix.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 2008

In an attempt to find natural sources of antioxidants and whitening agents, comparisons of the antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of various ethanol extracts of Eucommiae Cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Cnidii rhizoma were carried out. Comparison of the four ethanol extracts revealed that, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium had the highest electron-donating ability(79.0%),; however, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix had the highest SOD-like ability(21.9%). The xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited a hindrance effect of 79.3% in Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, 57.5% in Eucommiae cortex and 71.9% in Aurantii nobilis pericarpium. A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to evaluate the whitening effects of the extracts, The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 12.4% in the Eucommiae cortex, 22.8% in the Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, 27.5% in the Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and 59.5% in the Cnidii rhizoma. Based on these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts of Eucommiae cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Cnidii rhizoma. can be used as food and cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the residue amount of pesticide on the 41 medicinal herbs in Daejeon area. This study was carried out to monitor the current status of pesticide residues in commercial medicinal herbs for sale of food use in 2012. It was performed using GC/ECD, GC/NPD, HPLC to analyze pesticides residues. Residues of 283 pesticides were analyzed by a simultaneous multiresidue method in 41 medicinal herbs being on sale in Daejeon. The medicinal herbs detected pesticides in 10 of 41 cases, showed a detection rate of 24.39%. The medicinal herbs which exceed the maximum residue limit were five cases as Cnidii Rhizoma, Osterici Radix, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Zizyphi Fructus and Alismatis Rhizoma. And pesticide residue of Cnidii Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma exceeds the limit standard presented in only medicine use of KFDA. The residual pesticides which had the high detection rate were Chlopyrifos, Tebuconazole and Endosulfan in the detection of medicinal herbs. For further research, standards of Pesticide Residues in medicinal herbs should be added and more research of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs required. And standards of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs should be applied equally as medicines and food.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequently used herbal materials among herbal prescription for vascular dementia. Methods : Every article relevant to vascular dementia was initially obtained from a Korean database and PubMed. Keywords searched were 'vascular dementia', 'herbal medicine' and 'human'. Results : Clinical study, which vascular dementia were treated with herbal medicine, were 12. Among these 12 articles, 6 were case study, 1 was Controlled Clinical Trial and 5 were Ramdomized Controlled Trial (RCT). High frequently used herbal materials were Ginseng Radix (9 times), Cnidii Rhizoma (8 times), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Citri Pericarpium, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (6 times). Conclusions : We could know frequent-used herbal medicine for vascular dementia. To be aware of the frequently used herbal medicine for vascular dementia can be helpful in adding herbal materials to prescription in a clinical treatment and development of new drugs.