• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 2014

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia on physiological responses in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Interestingly, no mortality were observed when the specimens ($301.1{\pm}8.0g$) were exposed to five levels of un-ionized ammonia ($NH_3$) (control, 1, 2, 4, $8mg\;L^{-1}$) for 3 hours. Furthermore, a significantly higher increase in gill $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase (NKA) pump activity with was detected due to the ammonia exposure. The activity of the fishes were found to be 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$, which was significantly high compared to normal $1mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$. Although ammonia exposure had no effect on plasma $Cl^-$, exposure to both 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$, however it led to increase in the plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and osmolality levels. Also, prolong ammonia exposure cause increase of plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The increase in glucose was accompanied by an increase in cortisol. The fish exposed to 4 and $8mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$ showed significantly higher hematocrit than control group than those exposed to 1 and $2mg\;L^{-1}$ $NH_3$. The intensity of cell damage increased with the increase concentration and exposure to ammonia. Furthermore, hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis were also observed in gill tissues. Taken together, the results showed that direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the physiological responses of Korean rockfish to ammonia.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

Ethaboxam[(RS)-N-(a-cyano-2-thenyl)-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboximide] is a novel fungicide with high level of activity against Oomycetes fungi. The control effects of ethaboxam technical and various ethaboxam formulations were investigated against P. brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage. When ethaboxam was applied to infested soil, club formation caused by P. brassicae was strongly inhibited at 8.33 mg/L soil and $EC_{50}$ of ethaboxam was 2.65 mg/L soil. Five ethaboxam formulations [10% suspension concentrate (SC), 15% SC, 2% granule (GR), 5% GR, 25% wettable powder] and mixture formulation of ethaboxam and metalaxyl (3%+1% GR) exhibited good efficacy against the pathogen. 10% SC, 15% SC, and 2% GR formulations of ethaboxam showed better disease controlling efficacy on Chinese cabbage clubroot than the other formulations. The $EC_{50}$ values of 10% SC, 15% SC, and 2% GR formulations of ethaboxam were 3.72 mg AI/L soil, 1.1 mg AI/L soil, and 4.95 mg AI/L soil, respectively. Among them, soil drenching application by 15% SC formulation of ethaboxam exhibited the most in vivo antifungal activity on P. brassicae. These results indicate that ethaboxam has a high potential for the control of clubroot disease.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.105-121
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• 2017

This study determined the reality of how middle school students are doing with their free learning semester and what they think about it. Also, the study looked at how many parts of Home Economics and the area of clothing curriculum are being taken and, especially, how many parts of this curriculum content are being required as free learning semester activities. This study aims to not only develop free learning semester activities according to student demand but also at providing a basic resource that can help activate the area of clothing curriculum in subject of Home Economics. In short: 1) Middle school students are attending activities such as career exploration activities, student selection activities, club activities, arts activities and physical education activities thoroughly through the free learning semester. These mostly take place in school and most of the students were taught by teachers from their own school. 2) The students are aware that the free learning semester's activities are helpful for them. The most helpful part was that it reduces the load they get from the school's exam and also the fact that they can investigate areas in which they are interested. 3) The number of students who have already taken or are taking activities related to Home Economics were 145, which is about 1/3 of the 451 students overall. The area where the most of the activities were held out of those activities related to Home Economics was the domain of food while the clothing curriculum accounted for a very small part compared to it. 4) The study found that need for a clothing curriculum for middle school student free learning semesters was about 2.79 on a scale from 1 to 5. The areas of most interest in this topic were highly related to 'making and mending clothes'.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.10-17
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• 1997

The lastest art is being characterised by an ever active exchange between different genre. This is a study on the installation aspect in deconstruction architectured and interior design. The progressive and aggressive nature of installatation art embodies uncatagorized genre, the freedom of material application, introduction of the notion of time in space, the reversion of subject and object, the union of art and every experience, understanding of object through deconstruction, enlargement of concept of space, collage-style composition and layer technique. I can conclude that the installation aspect in Tshumi's Parc de la Villette is its call upon the audience to actively participate, the introduction of a coincidental conjunction, its challenge on the conventional idea of park and its flexibility caused by human activity and time. In Hadid's Hong Kong Peak Club the installation aspect is the application of layer technique using four enormous beams horizontally laid out on a man-made moutain. Furthermore, Libeskind's pursuit of the mental in Berlin Museum Extension through the penetration of an invisible line into a void creates a new interpretation of the role of a museum and thus relates itself to installation art. The installation aspect in Himmelblau's Vienna Roof Renovation is the literal deconstruction of the roof of an old building in the old section of Wien and the expression of time and space through the interrelationship between interior and exterior environment by the use of juxtaposition technique. Finally, I note that the installation aspect in Gehry's Santa Monica Residence is the reorganization of cheap material as a form of 'object', that creates spon-taneity, movement as well as flow of time in space and ex-hibit the double-sidedness of the visible world.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.796-807
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• 2014

This study examined effects of gender role conflicts, academic stress coping ability, and social support on adaptations to college life among male nursing students. Data were collected through self reported structured questionnaire form 225 male nursing students using convenient sampling methods from April 1 to June 4, 2014. Stepwise regression showed that academic stress coping ability had the greatest effect on adaptations to college life(${\beta}=0.33$, p<.001), followed by major satisfaction, social support, gender role conflicts and club activity. These variables together explained 33% of the adaptations to college life in male nursing students(F=23.50, p<.001). Therefore, programs for resolving gender role conflicts and reinforcing academic stress coping ability should be developed. And social support network which consist of professors and the senior-junior nursing students will help to improve adaptability to college life in male nursing students.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1165-1174
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• 2014

The research was conducted on 238 marine sports participants by clarifying the relationship among self-efficacy, sociality, and organization culture, to eliminate the organizational(home, school, club, workplace, etc.) culture maladjustment phenomenon which is caused by personal stress, the lack of physical activity, and the lack of sociality due to the rapid change of modern society and enhance sociality, adjustment to society and the lack of creativity due to the rigid hierarchy and contribute to organization culture through marine sports among sports which we enjoy with nature. Firstly, according to general self-efficacy, and social characteristics of the organizational culture and the gender differences in higher than women in all sub-variables of the sub-factors of self-efficacy and self-regulation, sociability, organizational culture, sub-culture and develop cultural factors agreed man showed that in the sub-factors of organization culture showed that the development of high culture and hierarchical culture in the age of 20s. Secondly, in terms of the effect of self-efficacy of marine sports participants on sociality, it is found that self-regulation and level of difficulty positively influence on the culture of agreement, the culture of development and the culture of hierarchy. Lastly, in terms of the effect of self-efficacy of marine sports participants on organizational culture, it is shown that self-regulation has positive influence on the culture of agreement, the culture of development and the culture of hierarchy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.862-872
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the affective outcome according to KCUE-Q1 in nursing students. The survey was performed with 424 nursing students of 3-year or 4-year that scheduled to graduate from college. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The level of affective outcome was 2.69. The affective outcome was significantly different according to gender, grade, nursing education accreditation and club activity. Learning passion showed a positive correlation with learning experience and educational outcome. Learning experience showed a positive correlation with leaning passion and educational outcome. The findings of this study indicates a need to develop outcome-based nursing curriculum for nursing students. It is also necessary to evaluate affective outcome in undergraduate nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between a attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group and a general student group in terms of the perception of the residential environment and periodic activities outside the classroom. Methods The patient group consisted of 62 outpatients or inpatients at the Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, and 49 patients diagnosed with ADHD were selected. For the control group, 3727 youths in elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools of one city were asked to fill out questionnaires. Of the 1717 respondents who responded to the questionnaires, 245 were selected for a patient-controlled study. The differences between the patient group and the control group were compared using the chi-squared test (${\chi}^2$ test). Results There was a significant difference between the patient group and the control group in areas where students responded by "My neighborhood is dirty and littered (p < 0.05)". There was also a significant difference between the patient group and the control group in terms of having more than one club activity per month (p < 0.05). Conclusions It was found that the patients with ADHD are more aware of perceived negative aspects of the area in which they reside, thus reflecting their anxiety. In addition, it was also found that the patient group did not partake in as many social activities as the control group.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2007

This study developed earth science learning materials based on paleolithic remains in the Youngsan River basin to provide students with curiosity and interest of science. These materials consist of four activities such as orientation, tour of museum, field trip to paleolithic sites, and making of remains. More than 60% of the teachers said that these materials are likely to improve the scientific process skills of students and also suggested that these could be applied to club activity, field trip, and homework. In addition, materials seemed to help students to understand the properties of the mineral and rock. We suggested that these materials could broaden teachers' subject of teaching in science.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

This study intended to establish a direction for the revitalization of youth culture centers by examining the current status of youth centers operated in Daejeon and how they have been used. Four youth centers in Daejeon were visited and a survey was conducted targeting 180 people using the centers. Frequency, Mean, and ${\chi}^2$ analysis were performed by using SPSS statistics package, and major research outcomes are as follows; There were 6 youth culture centers in Daejeon and showed a lower construction rate of 7.4% on the basis of 81 up, myun and dong. Most youth centers were small, around $300-500m^2$ in total floor area, and accommodated 100-200 people, and the space comprised multipurpose hall, cafeteria, open space, club space, multimedia space, information service room, and guide booth. There were no sports spaces among the target facilities. So, it has created the need for physical activity space to promote health & development. Most users visited centers with their friends and simply to use the facilities, and the satisfaction with the facilities was relatively high at 4.32. The role of the local community and financial support of the government is required to activate the youth culture. Also, for the role of youth culture center, it was suggested that the youth culture center should develop program which corresponds with the level of the youth and boast the interest of the youth.