• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.235-238
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• 2016

With the vision of Internet of Things (IoT), physical world itself is becoming a connected information system on the Internet and cyber world is computing as a physical act to sense and respond to real-world events collaboratively. The systems that tightly interlink the cyber and physical worlds are often referred to as Smart Systems or Cyber-Physical Systems. Smart IoT Clouds aim to provide a cyber-physical infrastructure for utility (pay-as-you-go) computing to easily and rapidly build, modify and provision auto-scale smart systems that continuously monitor and collect data about real-world events and automatically control their environment. Developing specifications for service interoperability is critical to enable to achieve this vision. In this paper, we bring an issue to extend Open Cloud Computing Interface for uniform, interoperable interfaces for Smart IoT Cloud Services to access services and build a smart system through orchestrating the cloud services.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-94
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• 2021

The 4th industrial revolution needs a fusion of artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing, and other technologies. For the fusion of technologies, cloud computing technology can provide flexible and high-performance computing resources so that cloud computing can be the foundation technology of new emerging services. The emerging services become a global-scale, and require much higher performance, availability, and reliability. Public cloud providers already provide global-scale services. However, their services, costs, performance, and policies are different. Enterprises/ developers to come out with a new inter-operable service are experiencing vendor lock-in problems. Therefore, multi-cloud technology that federatively resolves the limitations of single cloud providers is required. We propose a software platform, denoted as Cloud-Barista. Cloud-Barista is a multi-cloud service common platform for federating multiple clouds. It makes multiple cloud services as a single service. We explain the functional architecture of the proposed platform that consists of several frameworks, and then discuss the main design and implementation issues of each framework. To verify the feasibility of our proposal, we show a demonstration which is to create 18 virtual machines on several cloud providers, combine them as a single resource, and manage it.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2017년도 제55차 동계학술대회논문집 25권1호
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• pp.249-250
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• 2017

클라우드 컴퓨팅과 사물 인터넷은 이미 우리 주위에 영향을 미치고 있는 두 개의 매우 다른 기술이다. 두 개의 기술의 사용과 적용은 더욱더 우리 주위에 만연할 것이며, 미래의 인터넷에 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 현재 두 기술의 통합하는 여러 가지 모델들이 제안되었다. 하지만, 이러한 통합은 이기종성, 성능, 보안 등의 도전 과제를 갖고 온다. 본 논문에서는 도전과제를 중심으로 클라우드와 사물 인터넷을 통합하는 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 도전과제를 중심으로 컴포넌트를 제시하여 각각의 컴포넌트가 해당 도전과제를 구현함으로써 매끄러운 통합을 이룰 수 있는 토대를 제공한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1238-1249
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• 2020

Throughout the world, aging populations and doctor shortages have helped drive the increasing demand for smart healthcare systems. Recently, these systems have benefited from the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and machine learning. However, these advances result in the generation of large amounts of data, making healthcare data analysis a major issue. These data have a number of complex properties such as high-dimensionality, irregularity, and sparsity, which makes efficient processing difficult to implement. These challenges are met by big data analytics. In this paper, we propose an innovative analytic framework for big healthcare data that are collected either from IoT wearable devices or from archived patient medical images. The proposed method would efficiently address the data heterogeneity problem using middleware between heterogeneous data sources and MapReduce Hadoop clusters. Furthermore, the proposed framework enables the use of both fog computing and cloud platforms to handle the problems faced through online and offline data processing, data storage, and data classification. Additionally, it guarantees robust and secure knowledge of patient medical data.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.797-819
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• 2019

Internet of Things (IoT) is the paradigm of network of Internet-connected things as objects that constantly sense the physical world and share the data for further processing. At the core of IoT lies the early technology of radio frequency identification (RFID), which provides accurate location tracking of real-world objects. With its small size and convenience, RFID tags can be attached to everyday items such as books, clothes, furniture and the like as well as to animals, plants, and even humans. This phenomenon is the beginning of new applications and services for the industry and consumer market. IoT is regarded as a fourth industrial revolution because of its massive coverage of services around the world from smart homes to artificial intelligence-enabled smart driving cars, Internet-enabled medical equipment, etc. It is estimated that there will be several dozens of billions of IoT devices ready and operating until 2020 around the world. Despite the growing statistics, however, IoT has security vulnerabilities that must be addressed appropriately to avoid causing damage in the future. As such, we mention some fields of study as a future topic at the end of the survey. Consequently, in this comprehensive survey of IoT, we will cover the architecture of IoT with various layered models, security characteristics, potential applications, and related supporting technologies of IoT such as 5G, MEC, cloud, WSN, etc., including the economic perspective of IoT and its future directions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1913-1934
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• 2022

The emergence of technologies like Big data analytics, Industrial Internet of Things, Internet of Things, and applicability of these technologies in various domains leads to increased demand in the underlying execution environment. The demand may be for compute, storage, and network resources. These demands cannot be effectively catered by the conventional cloud environment, which requires an integrated environment. The task of finding an appropriate service provider is tedious for a service consumer as the number of service providers drastically increases and the services provided are heterogeneous in the specification. A service broker is essential to find the service provider for varying service consumer requests. Also, the service broker should be smart enough to make the service providers best fit for consumer requests, ensuring that both service consumer and provider are mutually beneficial. A service broker in an integrated environment named Global Manager is proposed in the paper, which can find an appropriate service provider for every varying service consumer request. The proposed Global Manager is capable of identification of parameters for service negotiation with the service providers thereby making the providers the best fit to the maximum possible extent for every consumer request. The paper describes the architecture of the proposed Global Manager, workflow through the proposed algorithms followed by the pilot implementation with sample datasets retrieved from literature and synthetic data. The experimental results are presented with a few of the future work to be carried out to make the Manager more sustainable and serviceable.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.444-461
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• 2016

A power-saving mechanism for smartphone devices is developed by analyzing the features of data that are received from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors devices to optimize the data processing policies. In the proposed GreenIoT architecture for power-saving in IoT, the power saving and feedback mechanism are implemented in the IoT middleware. When the GreenIoT application in the power-saving IoT architecture is launched, IoT devices collect the sensor data and send them to the middleware. After the scanning module in the IoT middleware has received the data, the data are analyzed by a feature evaluation module and a threshold analysis module. Based on the analytical results, the policy decision module processes the data in the device or in the cloud computing environment. The feedback mechanism then records the power consumed and, based on the history of these records, dynamically adjusts the threshold value to increase accuracy. Two smart living applications, a biomedical application and a smart building application, are proposed. Comparisons of data processed in the cloud computing environment show that the power-saving mechanism with IoT architecture reduces the power consumed by these applications by 24% and 9.2%.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5654-5668
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• 2018

Driven by security and real-time demands of Internet of Things (IoT), the timing of fog computing and edge computing have gradually come into place. Gateways bear more nearby computing, storage, analysis and as an intelligent broker of the whole computing lifecycle in between local devices and the remote cloud. In fog computing, the edge broker requires X-aware capabilities that combines software programmability, stream processing, hardware optimization and various connectivity to deal with such as security, data abstraction, network latency, service classification and workload allocation strategy. The prosperous of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) pushes the possibility of gateway capabilities further landed. In this paper, we propose a software-defined gateway (SDG) scheme for fog computing paradigm termed as Fog Computing Zero-Knowledge Gateway that strengthens data protection and resilience merits designed for industrial internet of things or highly privacy concerned hybrid cloud scenarios. It is a proxy for fog nodes and able to integrate with existing commodity gateways. The contribution is that it converts Privacy-Enhancing Technologies rules into provable statements without knowing original sensitive data and guarantees privacy rules applied to the sensitive data before being propagated while preventing potential leakage threats. Some logical functions can be offloaded to any programmable micro-controller embedded to achieve higher computing efficiency.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2016

최근 국내 외 여러 산업분야에서는 사물 인터넷(internet of things)과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스(cloud computing service), 빅 데이터(big data) 등과 같은 융합 IT기술들의 등장으로 보안에 대한 중요성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 이러한 가운데 산업 보안(Industrial Security) 시장은 점차 커질 것으로 전망하고 있으며, 보안 기술의 진화뿐만 아니라 취약성 또한 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 따라서 다양한 IT 환경으로의 진화로 인한 물리적 취약요인의 증가는 여러 산업분야들의 보안성을 결정짓는 잣대가 된다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 이에 대해 본 논문은 융합 IT환경에서의 물리 보안 기술들과 적용 사례, 물리적 취약요인들에 대해 조사 및 분석해 봄으로써, 향후, 물리적 침해 및 공격에 대한 대응 방안 마련에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

사물인터넷 기술은 다양한 사물 및 인간에게서 생성되는 정보를 전산화하여 인터넷을 통해 연결함으로써 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있다. 사물인터넷의 스마트 기기들은 저전력, 저용량, 제한된 처리 능력 등의 한계적 특성들을 보완하기 위해 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술과 접목되며 이제 하나의 패러다임으로 자리매김하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사물인터넷과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기술의 정의, 특징, 및 서비스들을 살펴보고, 사물인터넷과 클라우드 컴퓨팅 융합의 필요성과 기존 융합 패러다임 및 융합 사례, 플랫폼들을 조사, 분석하였다. 그 결과, 사물인터넷의 여러 제약점들을 클라우드의 특징으로 보완하여 확장성, 상호운용성, 신뢰성, 효율성, 가용성, 보안성, 접근 용이성, 사용 용이성, 배치 비용 감소 등의 다양한 장점들이 제공됨에도 불구하고 해결해야 할 과제들이 존재하였다. 이러한 융합 패러다임의 새로운 이슈들을 분석하고, 융합을 위해 해결해야 할 연구 과제를 제언한다.