• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.635-643
• /
• 2011

This study was investigated to evaluate the physiological responses on T-shirts manufactured with selected functional materials by body parts which were selectioned on the distribution of sweating and temperature change. Seven healthy men in twenties were participated in a climate chamber of $27{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}1%RHC$. Three kinds of T-shirts named 'D1', 'D2' and 'Poly' were used as experimental clothings. Four kinds of functional materials of quick absorbing/drying were used in all section in 'D1', but two kinds of functional materials used partially in 'D2'. 'Poly' T-shirts used only polyester. In an experimental schedule of 90 minutes, which were consisted of 'Rest', twice of 'Exercise' and twice of 'Recovery' periods, the subjects walked on a treadmill with 60% of $VO_2max$. As a physiological responses, the microclimate temperature, surface temperature(skin, clothing) and sweat rate were measured. Temperature regulation was kept well in 'D1' rather than other T-shirts. The quick absorbing/drying T-shirts showed its performance well as the exercise goes on the second half. With these results in mind, 'D1' will be more effective for long hours exercise such as climbing rather than short hours exercise.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 1996

Low-temperature plasma treatment or sputter etching is of interest as one of the techniques to modify polymer surface. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), nylon 6 and cotton fabrics dyed three black dyes were subjected to low-temperature argon plasma and also sputter etching. In relation to bathochromic effect, the surface characteristics of the treated fabrics and films were investigated by means of critical surface tension, SEM and ESCA measurement. The depth of shade of fabrics more increased by the sputter etching technique than argon plasma treatment. Many microcraters on the fiber surface formed by the sputter etching resulted in increase of surface area of the fiber and wettability, but the hydrophobic group was increased by the results of ESCA analysis. In particular the change in reflective index of the fibers was much more effective than the chemical composition of the fiber surface on increasing of the depth of shade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.653-662
• /
• 2012

This study measured the effect of general pre-treatment on PLA fabrics to confirm the benefits of enzymatic processing on PLA fabrics in the textile industry as well as evaluated the hydrolytic activities of three lipases. The effects of lipase hydrolysis were analyzed through moisture regain, dyeing ability, tensile strength, and surface morphology. As a result, PLA fibers were easily damaged by a low concentration of sodium hydroxide and a low treatment temperature. The optimal treatment conditions of Lipase from Candida cylindracea were pH 8.0, $40^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Candida rugosa were pH 7.2, $37^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Porcine pancreas were pH 8.0, $37^{\circ}C$, and 2,000 U. The moisture regain and dyeing ability of PLA fabrics increased and the tensile strength of PLA fabrics decreased. The results of surface morphology revealed that there were some cracks due to hydrolysis on the surface of the fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.222-229
• /
• 2009

The natural dyeing of cotton fabrics with Rumex crispus L. root extract was investigated. The dyeability of Rumex crispus L. root extract was evaluated with conditions of concentration, temperature, time, repeat-numbers, pH, mordants variables, methods of mordanting, color fastness and antibacterial activity, etc. The maximum V-visible spectrum possessed absorption band of Rumex crispus L. extract appeared at 274nm and 336nm. The amount of dyes extracted was increased with extracting concentration, temperature and time. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing concentration and repeat-numbers. The K/S value increased with increasing dyeing temperature and time, the exhaustion was saturated in $90^{\circ}C\;and\;80min$, respectively. Surface colors of fabrics dyed with pH 3, 7, 11 extract were RP-R-YR-Y range. The light fastness and washing fastness showed good results in Fe-mordanted. The dry leaning fastness appeared more than 4 grade. Rubbing fastness was better in dry methods han that in wet methods. In the result of antibacterial activity, the decrease rate was 9.9% to Staphylococcus aureus with the dyed fabric of cotton.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.840-851
• /
• 2021

In this study, we used a chemiluminescence reaction to investigate the removal effect of pet soil, such as dog blood, urine and feces. The soiled fabrics were washed with a standard laundry course of 30℃ and a washing time of 30 min and a pet care laundry course of 40-60℃ and a washing time of 100 min. The detergency was evaluated by the surface reflectance and chemiluminescence reaction (bloodstain detection by luminol test and urine-stain and feces-stain detection by UV blacklight test) before and after washing. The surface reflectance results did not show any difference in detergency for both courses, whereas the chemiluminescence reaction did. The detergency of the pet care course compared to the standard course was 101% according to the surface reflectance and 120% according to the chemiluminescence reaction. Therefore, residual stains not detected by surface reflectance can be evaluated through chemiluminescence reaction, and it was confirmed that pet stains can be managed more hygienically by washing for a long time at a high temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1981

This study aims at finding appropriate adhesive conditions with special regard the material of 'fusible padding cloth inter ling' was frequently used for leather. As for leather material, pig suede, sheep suede were selected and drum dyed, cow split, napa have also been used. Mixed spinning non-woven fabric (polyester $50\%$, nylon $50\%$) were used as for padding cloth. Experimental appearance has been observed under the following adhesive conditions: Temperature of press were devided four levers; $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, respectively. Adhesive time has been limited 5, 10, 15 second each. And the pressure has been conditioned as $0.2kg/cm^2$ continuously. After all this experiment, it was discovered that the material which had long contact with low temperature conditions has similar adhesive power to material that has short contact with high temperature conditions. There is a great difference according to the leather's dying process, the finishing method of the cloth, and the part of leather surface. The best condition for suede are $140^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$, at 10 seconds. and for D/D, NAPA, $130^{\circ}C$, at 10 seconds. Although the conditions of $150^{\circ}C$, at 15 seconds was possible for split, the process time can be shortened according to the increase of temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.946-954
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to modify the hydrophobic property and dyeability of polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Methacrylic acid (2nA) was graftpolymerized with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator onto polyethylene terephthalate fabrics. The results were as follow; 1. Graft-polymerization exhibited maximum graft ratio at a temperature of 100"C. 2. The polymer was gradually grafted in great amount to the surface of MA-g-PET as graft ration increase; with the cross-section examination of MA-g-PET, it was discovered that graft-polymeriation had also taken place inside the textile core. 3. Dyes absorption of basic dyes and disperse dyes was improved as craft ratio increase; with resistance to laundering, the former showed grade 3-4 and the latter showed grade 5.de 5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2009

This study provides the optimum papain treatment method and its effect on wool/polyester blend fabrics. The enzymatic treatment condition is optimized depending on its pH level, temperature, concentration of enzyme, treatment time and concentration of activators. The characteristics of samples treated with the papain are measured using weight loss, tensile strength, whiteness, WCA, dyeing property and surface micrographs. The results are described as follows: According to measuring weight loss, tensile strength and whiteness, a pH level of 7.5, $70^{\circ}C$, 10% papain(o.w.f.) and 60minutes of treatment time are optimized for papain treatment. L-cysteine and sodium sulfite are able to activate the papain. The optimum concentrations of them are 10mM and 50mM respectively. The WCA of fabrics is decreased since papain treatment makes wool/polyester blend fabrics more hydrophilic. Scouring with papain treatment improves whiteness and dyeing property of fabrics. The dyeing property of papain-treated fabrics is enhanced simply by a single step dyeing process using a basic dye. The surface of wool treated with papain in the presence of L-cysteine shows to be descaled. The surface of wool fibers in the presence of sodium sulfite, however, shows it is hydrolyzed evenly instead of being descaled. The surface of papain treated polyester fibers shows cracks and voids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.1129-1136
• /
• 2008

The gaiter is one of the personal protective equipments worn in various industrial sites. This study was performed on humans to investigate the physiological strain of wearing gaiters and to compare control gaiters that are currently on the market and new gaiters that are developed for alleviating heat stress. Experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber of WBGT $30.0\pm0.7^{\circ}C$ under five differed experimental conditions: None, Control A, Control B, New A, New B. The results were as follows. The temperature inside gaiters was significantly lower in both New A and New B than in both Control A and Control B and the difference between news and controls was 1$^{\circ}C$ (p<.01). The humidity inside gaiters in both New A and New B were higher than that in Control A, and lower than that in Control B (p<.01). The outermost surface temperature of the gaiter was the lowest in None and it increased in the following order: New B < New A < Control A < Control B. Mean skin temperature was higher by 0.14$^{\circ}C$ in wearing gaiters than in no gaiters. Skin temperatures in lower body were lower in Control than in New and skin temperature in upper body were higher in Control than in New (p<.01). Local sweat rate, total weight loss and subjective sensations did not show a significant difference according to the gaiters. It was concluded that wearing gaiters affected distribution of skin temperature and local sweat rate.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2020

This study helps develop cool-touch functional dance sportswear. We suggest a draft design for dance sportswear that chooses appropriate cool-touch functional materials based on an investigation of the changes of body surface temperature before and after exercise, the physical properties of cool-touch materials on the market, and the preference for cooling tools. The results are as follows. First, cool-touch functional sportswear products on the market utilize materials such as PCM, Delta fabric, high gauge fabric, and ice chips as well as incorporate functions such as UV block and eyelets for enhanced breathability. Polyester and polyurethane fibers are mainly used for cool-touch functional sportswear. Second, the neck area showed the highest surface temperatures (32.7℃ and 32.1℃) before and after exercise. Body surface temperatures measured after exercise were also lower than temperatures measured before exercise when wearing dance sportswear. Third, as for the physical properties of cool-touch materials, material 1 showed amaximum drying speed (130 min), material 3 the best moisture absorption speed (122 × 132 min), and material 4 the best thermal conductivity (0.013 7 w/m·K). Fourth, a draft design for a cool-touch functional dance sportswear was suggested, including a neckband made of removable soft PVC material on the neck area and applying material 4 in F1, B4, S2 and lower arm areas and material 1 in the armpit area. Deodorant tape was also attached to the armpit area for added comfort and antibacterial deodorant effect.