• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.670-676
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the utensils, covers and mats that were used for making meju, the shape of meju, and the heating method used for making meju from the 225 ways of preparing jang mentioned in the 32 volumes of the ancient cook books from 530 AD to 1950. The heating method of traditional meju bean and starch included 57 kinds of steaming, 59 of boiling, 21 of roasting + boiling, and 2 of cooking. The shape of meju included 41 kinds of egg, 27 of ball, 22 of lump, a kind of doughnut, 8 kinds of hilt, 6 of flat, 4 of chip, and a kind of square. Among the 72 gochoojang meju, the heating method of bean included 9 kinds of boiling, and 6 kinds of steaming; whereas the heating method of starch included 19 kinds of steaming of dough, 11 of rice cooking, and 5 of boiling of dough. The utensils for molding of bean meju were 49 kinds of straw sack, 14 of round straw container, 11 of heating bed, 7 of large straw bowl or Japanese-snailseed, 5 of jar, 4 of ditch, 3 of straw bowls, 2 of pottery steamer of dough, 2 of gourd, and a kind of long round bamboo bowl and sack of straw. The cover and the mat used for molding of meju included 36 kinds of straw, 17 kinds of paper mulberry leaf, 15 of wide straw seat, 14 of mugwort, 11 of pine tree leaf, 10 of soybean leaf, 6 of cocklebur leaf, 6 of sumac leaf, 6 of barley straw, 6 of mulberry leaf, 5 of fallen leaf, 5 of cogon grass, 4 of reed seat, 3 of scrap of cloth, 2 of Indian bean tree leaf, a kind of reed. There were only 5 kinds of hanging.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

The Daetongsa temple is the earliest temple to be constructed during the era of the Three Kingdoms in ancient Korea. The main architect, purpose, and name of the temple have been confirmed through ancient literature and archeological materials carved in the Chinese letter, Daetong, excavated around Gongju. However, the location and range of the temple have remained elusive and were discussed in various studies. In this study, we examine the roof tiles obtained from the presumed site of the Daetongsa temple. The tiles were found to contain traces of red paint (red pigments) on their surface and analyzed using nondestructive techniques. The results imply that roof tiles were made using clay tablets and wooden cylinders, with latticed cloth in between. Additionally, some wooden cylinders appeared to comprise numerous wooden plates tied together by strings. The clay tablets used to make the roof tiles were produced from the source clay via the sorting process. The traces of red paint on the surface of the roof tiles were verified to be traditional pigments used for painting wooden buildings. These pigments were extracted from red ocher or red clay (Seokganju), mainly consisting of iron oxide. In the literature, the location of provenance sites for Seokganju is estimated to be far from Gongju. However, the materials for extracting the red pigments were relatively easy to source because most rocks comprised iron oxides. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the provenance of the red pigments around the presumed site of Daetongsa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.303-317
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• 2010

This study helps in the production of brassieres suitable for female adults by researching the actual wearing conditions and purchasing status, satisfaction rate, and preferences of female college students in their early 20's. The collected data was analyzed by a SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and the results of the research are as follows. 1. There is a noticeable difference between the breast satisfaction rate and breast size, in addition the satisfactory rate was higher in the normal breast size or a little ample size than in the very small or very big size. According to the shape, the satisfactory rate for the breast appeared to be high in the case of the recognition and evaluation of the hemisphere type than the flat, cone, pop out, and downward type. 2. For fitness, the looseness at the top of the cup (pressed between the breasts at the upper part of the front middle), pressing and looseness at the upper sides of the cup, inappropriate size of the cup, tightness of the wings, tightness at the bottom round of the breasts, the narrow width of the wire, wide space of the shoulder strings, and the sliding of the shoulder strings had problems that needed improvement. 3. The major priorities for purchasing brassieres are size, fitness, and aesthetic qualities. As a result, the size and the fitness are more important than the trend or decorations since the brassiere has the function to support the breasts that shows that hygiene and sanitation are recognized as an important standard for undergarment selection. The size and the fitness are important factors regardless of breast types in the examination of the selection standards of the brassieres for each breast type, but the cone and hemisphere types have higher preferences for design; the pop out type has more considerations for the material of the cloth. The result show that appearance is more important for smaller breasts, but the functionality of the brassier is more important than the appearance for medium and larger breast sizes.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

Knit products which had been limited only to underwear, recently became popularized, fashionized and highly classified covering even outer garments such as sportswear like golfwear, woman's dress, and man' s suit. As fashion cycle is getting shorter and the more a nation advanced prefers knit to woven fabrics knit industry has a very bright prospect, particularly woman's knit which is sensitive to fashion can be said as a fashion product with high value added. This study is to grasp the physical properties of stitch which are fundamental to the development of knit products. For this purpose, 2/20s of 100% wool were woven by the author of this study to basic plain stitch, rib stitch, varied transfer stitch, and float stitch on a SEMASEIKI cross knitter 7G to test the physical properties, and the result was as follows; 1. As for the relation between knit stitch and rate of extension recovery, rate of extension recovery was higher in the course direction than in the wale direction of three stitches except transfer stitch; rib stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the course direction while float stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the wale direction. 2. As for the relation between knit stitch and bursting strength elastic rib stitch showed higher bursting strength to indicate elasticity is an important factor of bursting strength and float stitch showed higher bursting strength too to indicate that the floating yarn on the surface plays a role of support. 3. As for the relation between knit stitch and air permeability perforated transfer stitch showed the lowest air permeability to prove that the size of perforation affects on the air permeability a great deal. 4. As for the relation between knit stitch and warmth retaining rib stitch through two lined needle bar showed the highest degree. The reason the warmth of perforated transfer stitch didn't decrease much was because the perforation wasn't big enough and content of air increased from the unevenness of the perforated parts through stitch variation. Based upon this result, each stitch can be characteristically summarized as follows; plain stitch showed a stable condition of knit cloth in four kinds of physical property test. And rib stitch is proper to tighten the edge of sleeve or clothe making use of its excellent extension recovery and to make socks for the highest bursting strength and warmth retaining. In the case of transfer stitch, seasonable designs can be taken by controlling the size of loop. Considering the pleasantness, underwear should be made of stitches with good air permeability float stitch was revealed to have color and pattern effects and a great bursting strength. This study has limitations in the aspect that it dealed with a small part of various knit stitches and the items of physical property test were not enough. The author of this study hopes that further studies would make deeper understandings about knit stitch based on more varied stitches and physical property tests ultimately to contribute to the development of fashionable designs proper to maximize the usage, function and originality.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2009

This study identified microbial risk factors in agricultural products processing center (APC) through the microbial hazard analysis to introduce good agricultural practices (GAP) system in APCs. Samples were collected from surroundings (basket, tray loader, weighing cup, collector, box) and workers by swabbing (glove and cloth) and glove juice method (hand) to enumerate total bacteria, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. The levels of total bacterial and coliform populations recovered from surroundings were 2.4-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand for surroundings, and workers, respectively samples were 2.3-5.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand. Escherichia coli populations were determined to be below detection limit. S. aureus and Salmonella populations recovered from surroundings were 3.0-4.4 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ and close to detection limit, respectively. Corresponding bacterial populations to worker's samples were 2.8-5.2 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ or hand (S. aureus) and below detection limit (Salmonella). Bacterial populations of APC certified facilities were similar (p${\geq}$0.05) with those of uncertified facilities. These results showed that this study should be useful in development of GAP models to improve microbial safety in APCs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 1979

1. The old Korean costume had two different kind of dress, one was a military uniform (Goon bok) for military only and the other was uniform (Yoongbok) for civilian and militarian. 2. The military uniform (Goonbok) were dressed under armour, was for war time. And the civilian and military uniform were dressed under Mo (Hat) and Po (Coat dress), was for War time or emergent case. 3. Armour were made of leather in ancient times but later they were made of metal. 4. In generally, armour is classified; 1) To protect neck 2) To protect shoulders and arms 3) To protect breast 4) To protect both legs 5) To protect hands 5. Armour and military uniform (Goonbok) for military only. at the time of three Nations (Ko-kuryo, Bakje. Silla) 1) Armour-a) Identified by found relics or ancient wall picture. b) They had improver! armour. c) Armour of three Nations were resembled each other. 2) Military uniform(Goonbok) a) The Jeogori reached to hip area was called Jangyoo. b) The pants were tight trousers. 6. Armour and military uniform (Goonbok) for military only at Koryo Dynasty. 1) They had improved armour like three nation's age. 2) They were made of iron. leather, paper or cloth 3) The color was white. puple. red. 4) Military uniform(Goonbok) a) Hat-(1) Banggak (2) Josamoja (3) Ibgak (4) Jakwan (5) Sabgak (6) Sumale (7) Jaragwan (8) Kummoja (9) Mubyunkwan (10) Pyungyunchek b) Dress-(l) Jayeisokade (2) Bosanghwa Gayendae (3) Hongbeja Rokrahansam (4) Jag- ongbok Hongeung (5) Jagongbok Jogeung (6) Kumyeisokdae (7) Bilapeja Rokrahansam (8) Jasupoto (9) Kumyei Honggung (10) Kumyei Dokuyeunsokdae (11) Bibosunghwa Dongokumdae (12) Bidaesuyei Kayeundae (13) Jasosulansam (14) Biyeiko (15) Chung-yei Dongsim Sokdae 7. Armour and military uniform of Lee Dynasty 1) Armour-a) the Helmets were attached with visor ar without visor, and later it was added the neck protecter. b) dresses were given various names according to the materials used. for example, Suiejakap or Kyungfunkap. 2) The military uniform (Goonbok) were composed by molip, Hyunchungsakpuja, Jundae, Soowhaja. 8. Military uniform (yoongbok) for civilian and militarian 1) The unifom was developped through Imjin war, Byungja war since the middle of Lee Dynasty. 2) The military uniform (Goonbok), (Yoongbok), armour were by the established dress reg-ulation of imperial ordinance dated April 8th, 1895 which falls 35th year of Kojong. the dress regulation was based upon the western uniform.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2013

This study validated microbiological hazards of ginseng farms at the cultivation stage and suggested recommendations to develop a good agricultural practices (GAP) model. A total of 96 samples were collected from cultivation environments (soil, irrigation water, and atmosphere), plants (ginseng and its leaf), personnel hygiene (glove, cloth, and hand) of 3 ginseng farms (A, B, and C) and were tested to analyze sanitary indicator bacteria (aerobic plate count, coliforms and Escherichia coli), major foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), and fungi. Total bacteria, coliform, and fungi in the 3 ginseng farms were detected at the level of 1.3~6.0, 0.1~5.0, and 0.4~4.9 v/g (or mL, hand, and $100cm^2$), respectively. Only irrigation water collected from one ginseng farm was confirmed to be E. coli positive. In case of pathogenic bacteria, B. cereus was detected at levels of 0.1~5.0 log CFU/g (or mL, hand, and $100cm^2$) in all samples, but other pathogen bacterias were not detected in any samples from all farms. Although E. coli were detected in irrigation water, the level of microbial for the three farms was lower than the regulation limit. According to the results, the ginsengs produced from the 3 farms were comparatively safe with respect to microbiological hazard. However, cross-contamination of bacteria from environments and workers to ginseng has been considered as potential risks. Therefore, to minimize microbial contamination in ginseng, GAP model should be applied for ensuring the safety of ginsengs.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to identify the phases of four different types, low-copper lathe cut (Type II, class 1) and spherical (Type II, class 2) amalgam alloys which are made by Caulk company and high copper Dispersalloy (Type II, class 3) made by Johnson & Johnson and Tytin (Type I, class 2) made by S.S. White and to determine the Vickers hardness number on the individual phase and four different types of dental amalgam. After each amalgam alloy and Hg measured exactly by the balance was triturated by the mechanical amalgamator (De Trey), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 4 mm in diameter and 12mm in height and was pressed by the Instron Universal Testing machine (Model 1125) at the speed of 1mm/minute with 143$kg/cm^2$ according to the A.D.A. Specification No. 1. The Specimen removed from the mold, mounted and stored in the room temperature for 7 days. The speciman was polished with the emery paper from #220 to #1200 and finally on the polishing cloth with 0.3 and 0.05 um $Al_2O_3$ powder suspended in water. And then each specimen was etched by Allan's method and washed with Sodium Bisulfinite for 30 seconds. Finally differentiation and metallography on each phase were obtained by using metallographical microscope (Versamet, Union) and microhardness was obtained by using microhardness tester (MVH-2, Torsee). The results were as follows: 1. In the low-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}_2$ phase were observed and in the high-copper amalgam, the ${\gamma}$, ${\gamma}_1$. ${\epsilon}$ and ${\eta}$ phases were observed but ${\gamma}_2$ phase was not observed. 2. Among the microhardness of each amalgam phase measured under pressing a vickers diamond indenter with 2.0gm load for 30 seconds, e phase has the highest V.H.N (314 ${\pm}$ 20), and in low-copper amalgam 12 phase has the lowest V.H.N. (29${\pm}$1) and ${\eta}$ phase which was observed in high-copper amalgam has 230${\pm}$13 V.H.N and this phase is considerd to contribute to strengthen the handness in amalgam. 3. The V.H.N. measured under pressing a Vickers diamond indenter with 300.0gm load for 30 seconds in low-copper amalgam was lower than that of high-copper amalgam.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop biosensor for determination of glucose, lactate, and ethanol in foods and food-stuffs simultaneously. The multiple cathode system was prepared with an oxygen electrode having one anode and hexagonal cathode. Glucose oxidase, mutarotase, lactate oxidase, alcohol oxidase and catalase were used for immobilization to determine glucose, lactate, and ethanol. These components including ethanol were simultaneously determined by the immobilized enzymes in the multiple cathode system. The determination of the components by enzyme sensor was based on the maximum slope of oxygen consumption from enzyme reaction of each sensor part. The response time for analysis was 1 min. The optimum condition for glucose, lactate and ethanol sensor was found to be 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at $40^{\circ}C$. Interferences of various sugars and organic acids were investigated. Less than 10% of error was found in determination of the components except organic acids. This difference was compensated by the modified equation. This system was confirmed by conventional methods. It was concluded that the multiple cathode system of this study is for an effective method to determine sugar, organic acid, ethanol simultaneously in foods.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

VTON (Virtual try-on) is a key technology that can activate the online commerce of fashion items. However, the early 3D graphics-based methods require the 3D information of the clothing or the human body, which is difficult to secure realistically. In order to overcome this problem, Image-based deep-learning algorithms such as VITON (Virtual image try-on) and CP-VTON (Characteristic preserving-virtual try-on) has been published, but only a sampled results on performance is presented. In order to examine the strength and weakness for their commercialization, the performance analysis is needed according to the complexity of the clothes, the object posture and body shape, and the degree of occlusion of the clothes. In this paper, IoU and SSIM were evaluated for the performance of transformation and synthesis stages, together with non-DL SCM based method. As a result, CP-VTON shows the best performance, but its performance varies significantly according to posture and complexity of clothes. The reasons for this were attributed to the limitations of secondary geometric deformation and the limitations of the synthesis technology through GAN.