• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.291-294
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• 2006

Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated from swine diarrhea in Korea. Three out of nineteen (15.8%) isolates of C. perfringens were found to be enterotoxigenic by PCR analysis. PCR-based genotyping of the three enterotoxigenic isolates of C. perfringens revealed that they were types A, C and D, respectively. These results suggest that various types of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens can cause swine diarrhea, and that the presence of enterotoxigenic type A strain, known to be strongly associated with food poisoning, may cause public health problem in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.310-313
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• 2008

C. perfringens is the most important enteric clostridial pathogen of animals. C. perfringens type A has been associated with hemorrhagic enteritis in a wide lange of domestic and wild mammals. But all types of C. perfringens can be normal inhabitants of the intestine of most mammals. We have a special case that showed C. perfringens type A infection in a hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) cub at Seoul Grand Park Zoo. Male, hippopotamus cub died in 3 days after birth. Clinical features of the hippopotamus cub have showed lethargy and anorexia before death. Gross post-mortem findings of the hippopotamus were hemorrhagic enteritis of intestine. Histopathologically, ruminant stomach and intestine showed hemorrhagic lesions and the lumen of the small intestine was filled with mucoid and hemorrhagic fluid. Also, intestine and stomach of hippopotamus were distended with gas and hemorrhagic fluid. C. perfringens was isolated in culture of small intestine and the presence of C. perfringens type A was confirmed by PCR. This case indicated that C. perfringens type A could be considered as a virulence factor responsible for causing death of a newborn hippopotamus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

An enzyme-linked immnnosorbent assay (ELISA) has been performed for the detection of the prevailing toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens obtained from conventional culturing of intestinal contents of goats which have died of suspected enterotoxaemia. The test was found effective to detect the toxins as well as types of the organism with less time and labor. The most prevailing type of C. perfringens causing enterotoxaemia in goat was C. perfringens type D (68.75%) and followed by C. perfringens type B (25%) and C (6.25%). No C. perfringens type A was detected. This study showed an intelligible picture of prevailing toxinotypes of C. perfringens in goats in Bangladesh. The use of the ELISA for the detection of clostridial types and toxins allows the differential diagnosis of C. perfringens types A, B, C and D enterotoxaemias from samples of intestinal contents and the typing of cultures of C. perfringens.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 2015

Pleuropulmonary diseases caused by Clostridial species infections are rare, but have a mortality rate of up to 30%. Furthermore, older people are at greater risk of developing invasive clostridium infections, and the majority of reported cases of clostridium empyema have been attributed to iatrogenic trauma or aspiration. The authors report a case of spontaneous empyema caused by Clostridium perfringens. A 72-year-old woman was admitted to Kangwon National University Hospital for empyema. The patient had no history of trauma, a dental procedure, or aspiration, and was treated using empirical antibiotics and by drainage of pleural fluid. Bacteria species that cause empyema are usually not detected, but on the 4th day of admission, C. perfringens was isolated from the pleural space. The patient was continuously treated with antibiotics for C. perfringens and drainage, and was discharged 25 days after admission with almost a fully recovered status. Increased awareness of Clostrium species infection in the elderly is needed to ensure appropriate treatment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.829-837
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• 1996

Clostridium perfringens has been identified as a causative organism in necrotic enteritis in chicken. The bacterium has been classified into five toxigenic types (A through E) based on the pattern of the production of major lethal toxins. Seroneutralization with mice or guinea pigs usually has been used to type the organism. Of the types, types A and C of the bacterium had been recognized as the major pathogenic types in chicken. In this experiment, we isolated nine field strains of C perfringens from chicken showing necrotic enteritis in clinical symptoms and pathologic findings and identified by biochemical tests. In order to type the organism, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used with primers on major lethal toxin genes instead of seroneutralization. Amplification of only a toxin gene with the PCR suggested that the disease in chicken was due to type A of C perfringens in Korea. Furthermore, the PCR method can be replaced with seroneutralization to type C perfringens in future.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.22-25
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• 1998

Outbreak patterns were observed in 250 chickens of necrotic enteriris(0.3%) among 81,000, 90 enterotoxemic pigs(9.5%) among 950, and 9 enterotoxemic cattle(13.8%) among 65 in a farms of Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Kwangwon, and Chonnam area from 1993 to 1996. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 36 strains(14.4%) among 250 chickens of necrotic enteritis, 21 strains(23.3%) among 90 enterotoxemic pigs, and 3 strains(33.3%) among 9 enterotoxemic cattle. Toxin types by the neutralization test were categorized as A-type in 36 strains(100.0%) among 36 chickens of necrotic enteritis, and as A-type in 17 strains(81.0%), as B-type in 2 strains(9.5%) and as C-type in 2 strains(9. 5%) among 21 enterotoxemic pigs, and also 3 strains(100.0%) among 3 enterotoxemic cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 1982

This paper dealt with the light microscopical and electron microscopical findings on the morphological changes of the liver of Korean native goat injected with toxin (culture filtrate) of Clostridium perfringens which was isolated from Korean native cattle died of acute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia. The results observed are summarized as follows. In the microscopical findings, hyperemia and minute hemorrhage of the liver parenchyma, dilatation of hepatic central vein and centrilobular necrosis of liver, cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatic cells, and appearance of light eosinophilic granular bodies in the vacuoles were recognized. In the electron microscopical findings, appearance of pinocytotic vesicle (coated vesicle), fusion of these vesicles, formation of vacuole and accumulation of minute granular proteinous materials in the vacuole were observed in the hepatic cells. Decreased number of glycogen granules, swelling and destruction of mitochondria, proliferation of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, enlargement of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, dispersal of thready agranular membranous structure and appearance of secondary lysosome were recognized in the hepatic cell cytoplasm.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2001

독소원성 대장균(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, ETEC, EC81, serotype O148:H28)이 생산하는 heat labile enterotoxin(LT)를 검색해 본 결과, reversed passive latex agglutination(RPLA)법에 있어서는 2배로 희석한 용액 (50 ng)으로부터 64로 희석한 용액 (1.56 ng)에서까지 양성반응을 보였으며 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)기법에 있어서는 10 ng으로부터 1 pg희석용액에서까지 147-base pair(bp)의 LT DNA fragment가 확인되었다. Clostridium perfringens A형 (NCTC8238, Hobbs serotype 2)이 생산한는 장독소를 검색해 본 결과, RPLA법에 있어서는 2배로 희석한 용액 (50 ng)으로부터 64로 희석한 용액 (1.56 ng)에서 까지 양성반응을 보여 독소원성대장균이 생산하는 LT와 일치하였으나, PCR기법에 있어서는 10ng로부터 10 pg 희석용액에서 까지 354-bp의 DNA fragment가 확인되어 독소원성대장균이 생산하는 LT보다 1/10의 낮은 감도를 보였다. PCR기법은 RPLA법에 비하여 훨씬 신속하고 소량의 sample로 장독소를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 1993

Growth responses of some intestinal bacteria such as bifidobacteria and Clostridium perfringens to the extracts of certain foodstuffs were investigated in vitro. Among edible mountain herbs, the extracts of several chui-na-muls (Aster tataricus, Ligularia fischeri and Aster scaber) had an inhibitory activity against C. perfringens on the agar plate and the water extract of Aster scaber worked selectively on it among intestinal bacteria. The water extract showed growth-promoting effect toward bifidobacteria such as B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. infantis and B. thermophilum in the broth culture. When the faecal inoculum was incubated in the culture with the extract, the population of C. perfringens decreased, whereas that of bifidobacteria increased by $10^3$ scale.$\beta$-glucuronidase activity in the culture with the water extract of Aster scaber digested with pepsin and pancreatin was lower than that in the control culture.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.148-156
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• 2018

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) may cause diarrhea and enterotoxemia in adult and young livestock, leading to problems in the production and management of farms. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from 25 goat farms located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in the Republic of Korea. Sixteen C. perfringens strains were isolates from fecal samples, and the isolates were identified as type A (n=11) and type D (n=5). Additionally, ${\alpha}$- and ${\varepsilon}$-toxin genes were detected in 16 and 5 strains by PCR, respectively, and the enterotoxin gene was presented in 2 strains. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test method. In the disk diffusion method, ampicillin (n=16) and chloramphenicol (n=15) were highly susceptible to 16 C. perfringens isolates. In the E-test method, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem were susceptible to more than 14 of 16 C. perfringens isolates. This study indicates that administration of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem can prevent and treat C. perfringens infections in goats.