• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.121-126
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• 2001

In this study, the 4-way spool valve characteristics are clearly defined and proposed new type of spool valve. This paper presents governing equations of the flow through clearances between sleeve and spool as a model of orifice flow for null characteristic analysis, and programmed analysis software of it. This software is possible to basically analysis that not only which case of open center, closed center or critical center but +,- displacement of spool, lab position, boundary region and spool opening of the valve, and to estimate the pressure variation in the spool and external leak flow variation. We are convinced that the scale of load pressure difference is changed as lab condition of spool valve, and this scale is changed with boundary point on the annular clearance. It is vary useful to designer and user of spool valve with this design data and analysis software.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.649-654
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• 1985

After first successful mitral valvotomy by Harken and Bailey in 1948, improvement of surgical technique and cardiac device may last rapidly for several years, but there after many patients deteriorate because of various causes, so incidence of reoperation for cardiac valvular disease has increased time by time. This paper is concerned with 21 patients in whom a second operation has been carried out from Jan. 1963 to Aug. 1984 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular department, National Medical Center. Of 21 patients, 7 were male and 14 were female, and ages ranged from 14 to 37 years The second operation are classified into groups of secondary closed mitral commissurotomy [3 cases], open commissurotomy following closed mitral commissurotomy [1 case], Valve replacement following closed mitral commissurotomy [14 cases] or bioprosthetic valve replacement [3 cases]. Main cause of reoperation was restenosis or steno insufficiency, and that of bioprosthetic valve failure was bacterial endocarditis [1 case], fibrous tissue overgrowth on the Xenograft [1 case] and technical failure [1 case]. Early operative mortality was absent, but during follow-up, 4 patients died, so late mortality was 19.0%, and main cause of death was congestive heart failure.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2000

In this study the 4-way spool valve characteristics are clearly defined and clearly defined and proposed new type of spool valve. This paper presents governing equations of the flow through clearances between sleeve and spool as a model of orifice flow for null characteristics analysis and programmed analysis software of it. This software is possible to basically analysis that not only which case of open center closed center or critical center but _ -displacement of spool lab position boundary region and spool opening of the valve and to estimate the pressure variation in the spool and external leak flow variation. We are convinced that the scale of load pressure difference is changed as lab condition of valve and this scale is changed with boundary point on the annular clearance. It is vary useful to designer and user of spool valve with this design data and analysis software.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop solutions for the intermittent performance deterioration of self-propelled spinach harvesters through analysis model. The study was conducted in the following manner. First, changes in performance deterioration and surplus flow, which result from oil temperature changes, were analyzed by simulating actual sequential harvesting movements, which involve driving with actuators operated simultaneously, by analysis model developed in a previous study. Second, fundamental solutions for surplus flow problems were presented. Third, the solutions were applied to a virtual environment to present their practicality and quantitative effects. The two solutions based on the study results were as follows. First, a closed center-type directional control valve was applied to the hydraulic circuit. Second, an unloading system was set up through an on-off solenoid valve.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 2023

Aortic valve stenosis is a heart valve disease caused by the accumulation of calcium in the valve, which can divide into tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) stenosis depending on the shape of natural valve. In this study, pig heart-based TAV and BAV ex vivo models were fabricated, and the flow characteristics behind a valve were analyzed using 4D flow MRI. Flow behind normal TAV was uniformly distributed, while BAV asymmetrically opened with an eccentric strong jet. Especially, BAV ex vivo model exhibited a secondary flow in the region where the valve closed. In addition, BAV had a 26% higher peak velocity while maintaining similar stroke volume compared with normal TAV. This study would be helpful for understanding the flow characteristics for BAV AS patients.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2016

Swing check valve is opened when the flow direction is forward, when the flow is reversed, the valve is automatically closed by back pressure. In this study, the internal flow field analysis of the valve was conducted by Fluent. The working fluid used in the study, using liquefied methane $-165^{\circ}C$ (CH4) and velocity field, pressure field, pressure drop coefficient were simulated by varying separately the opening divergence into four intervals from 0 to 100%. The approximate research result are as follow : When the opening divergence is smaller, it appears high pressure on the upstream side, this value is relaxed when the opening divergence is large. Flow rate coefficient of the valve shows a larger value as the degree of opening becomes larger, confirming that the check valve used in the study is in the effective flow rate counting range.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.148-157
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• 1995

This study deals with controlling the speed of Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) system throuth the control of pumping stroke of positive displacement pump using high-speed solenoid valve controlled by digital closed loop PWM method. The method which was done in this study is as follows: First, we modified original positive displacement pump and designed pumping stroke control system of HST by using the high-speed solenoid valve. Second, after experimenting static and dynamic characteristics on each signal flow, we identified system parameter of approximated model. Finally, to control the speed of HST, we controlled the angle of the swash plate of positive displacement pump by controlling the pressure in the control cylinder chamber. Test which was carried out in the laboratory shows that transient and steady state response could be improved by PID controller.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

This paper is an experimental study on the freezing protection valve used for solar water heating, air-conditioning systems, and plumbing systems. When the phase change occurs from liquid to solid, most of the substances except water volumetrically shrink. And referred to as PCM(Phase Change Material) a substance with such properties, the phase change temperature varies depending on the material. To prevent the freezing of the plumbing system, such as air-conditioning system in the winter season, we developed a several types of freezing protection valve using PCM whose freezing temperature are $2-4^{\circ}C$. The working principle of the freezing protection valve is that the fluid inside the pipe is released to prevent the system-collapse when fluid temperature reaches the freezing temperature of the PCM. And then the valve is closed and returned to the original position automatically when the temperature of the operating fluid rises. In this paper, the operating temperatures, discharge flow rate and the response characteristics of the valve during the operation are tested and investigated. From the results of this research the freezing protection valves employing PCM are expected to be commercialized in the near future.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.364-369
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• 1987

It has recently shown that a solenoid valve can be utilized in a hydraulic position-control system by discontinuous control methods. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of solenoid valves on the response characteristics of a hydraulic position-control system by applying two kinds of discontinued control methods i.e., Simple On-Off (SOF) and Pusating On-Off(POF) controls. Three types of solenoid valves i.e. low-frequency, closed-center type (LF/C), high-frequency, closed-center type (HF/C), low-frequency, tandem-center type(LF/T) were used in this study. Effects of loading conditions and control parameters on the response characteristics were experimentally examined and compared each other. Pressure transients within the actuator were also studied.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1104-1109
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• 1991

Recently, Pneumatic Actuation System (PAS) has been used increasingly as a high performance fin-control servo actuation systems because of the special advantages of pneumatic units: primarily their low cost, small size, light weight, and tolerance to broad temperature extremes. In this study, a nonlinear model of PAS is derived through the detailed analysis of the major components in the typical system. The model includes nonlinear flow-pressure relationships of the flow through the solenoid valve openings and orifices, PWM algorithm for driving two solenoid valves as a closed-center 3-way valve for minimum gas consumption, solenoid valve dynamics, saturation, and friction. Simulation results are compared with the experimental ones for square and sinusoidal inputs to see the validity of the model. Independent of the shape and magnitude of the input signals, both results are in good agreements with minor difference.