• 응용통계연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.129-139
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• 1998

임상자료의 정규성 검정에 있어서 NTV(Normal Test Variable)에 관한 몇가지 문제점을 여러 가지 특정분포 즉, 정규분포, 두 정규분포의 혼합분포, 균일분포, 지수분포 그리고 오른쪽을 치우친 베타분포에 관한 몬테칼로 모의실험 결과를 통하여 고찰하고 그 해결방안을 모색한다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the perceived relationship among professional self-concept, head nurse's leadership, and nursing clinical competency by clinical nurses. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 601 nurses working at the five general hospitals in four provincial cities, Gyeungbuk, Korea. Data were collected from July 14, 2010 to August 31 and analyzed by SPSS/PC ver 18.0 programs. Results: Professional self-concept and head nurse's leadership were slightly above the middle average, but nursing clinical competency was good. According to participants' age, marital status, job satisfaction, and length of service, there were perceptional differences in professional self-concept, head nurse's leadership, and nursing clinical competency. Nursing clinical competency could be explained by head nurse's leadership, professional self-concept, job satisfaction and length of service. Head nurse's leadership was independent variable affecting nursing clinical competency, professional self-concept was partial mediating variable, and job satisfaction and length of service were extraneous variables. Conclusion: It is concluded that head nurse's leadership is more important than professional self-concept to improve nursing clinical competency. Nursing managers should plan various strategies to improve head nurse's leadership and professional self-concept, to increase clinical nurses' job satisfaction and length of service.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

Experimental results obtained from research using only one sex are sometimes extrapolated to both sexes without thorough justification. However, this might cause enormous economic loss and unintended fatalities. Between years 1997 and 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration suspended ten prescription drugs producing severe adverse effects on the market. Eight of the ten drugs caused greater health risks in women. Serious male biases in basic, preclinical, and clinical research were the main reason for the problem. This mini-review will describe why and how funding organizations such as the European Commission, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the US National Institutes of Health have tried to influence researchers to integrate sex/gender not only in clinical research, but also in basic and preclinical research. Editorial policies of prominent journals for sex-specific reporting will also be introduced, and some considerations in integrating sex as a biological variable will be pointed out. To produce precise and reproducible results applicable for both men and women, sex should be considered as an important biological variable from basic and preclinical research.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.691-699
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• 2002

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2007

Polarization imaging systems have been widely used to selectively characterize skin lesions. Nevertheless, current systems are used in single-mode due to the limitations of a fixed polarization mode and a single-working distance of light source, in which uniform light distribution is achieved on target area. To address such limitations, we developed a variable polarization imaging system based on multi-working distance of light source for various clinical diagnoses. In this study, we characterize the imaging system and present experiment results demonstrating its clinical usefulness. The imaging system consists of a CCD color camera, linear polarization filters, and a single-layered LED ring light source which provides uniform light distribution at multi-working distances. The first polarizer was placed on the light source and the second polarizer placed on objective lens provides continuous linear polarization angle from $0^{\circ}\;to\;90^{\circ}$. The clinical efficacy of the imaging system was investigated by acquiring and analyzing clinical images of skin wrinkle and dental plaque. With the experiments, we verified the potential usefulness of the imaging system for other clinical applications.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical performance, such as gait and postural control, and cognition on as assessed by clinical tools in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods : Twenty-six patients who had hemiparetic stroke participated in this study, and were evaluated four common clinical measurements, including the Berg balance scale (BBS), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), 6 minute walking test (6MWT), and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Multiple regression analysis was used BBS score, 10MWT, and 6MWT as the dependent variables; MoCA score, post-stroke duration, age, and affected side as independent variables. Results : In the regression equation of the BBS score, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.875, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.786, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining the BBS score. In the regression equation for the 10MWT, ther was 0.888, the R2 was 0.999, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining 10MWT. Finally, the r was 0.777, the R2 was 0.998, and the MoCA score was the most important variable for determining 6MWT in the regression equation of the 6MWT. Conclusion : The results show that cognitive abilities affect gait proficiencies in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Therefore, these results suggest that cognitive tests are necessary for examining and evaluating the abilities of postural control and gait performance for chronic stroke patients in research and clinical environments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2011

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common clinical problem in emergency care. However, the overall incidences of primary spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported from as low as 1.4% to 7.6%. The clinical findings of simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax can be variable. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from mild dyspnea to tension pneumothorax. Bilateral tension pneumothorax can defined as cases where no tracheal deviation is detected in chest X-ray, and symptoms may be equal bilaterally. Herein, we present a case with simultaneous bilateral tension pneumothorax, severely deteriorated (i.e. with loss of consciousness, cyanosis, and hemodynamically unstable), that was successfully treated with immediate large-size needle decompression.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe role conflict and job satisfaction of Neurosurgery Clinical Nurse Specialist(NCNS) and to identify associated factors. Method: The target populations was 77 NCNSs from 30 general hospitals. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: The overall mean scores of role conflict and job satisfaction were $3.60({\pm}0.54)$ and $3.04({\pm}0.46)$ respectively. Significant variables affecting role conflict were the working period as NCNS, the number of colleague NCNSs in working hospital, and assignment of prescription rights. The significant variable affecting job satisfaction was assignment of prescription rights. There was no statistically significant correlation between job and role conflict. Conclusion: The variable effecting both role conflict and job satisfaction was the extent of prescription rights. In order to improve the quality of patient care and to protect Neurosurgery Nurse Clinical Specialist, the enactment of law on prescription practice is needed.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2009

Highly variable drugs (within-subject variability greater than 30%) have been difficult to meet current regulatory acceptance criteria using a reasonable number of study subjects. In this study, we reviewed previous studies presenting alternative approaches for bioequivalence evaluation of highly variable drugs, and focused on an approach for widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits using within-subject variability. We discussed the suggested five solutions for highly variable drug including the deletion of $C_{max}$ of the bioequivalence criteria, direct expansion of bioequivalence limit, multiple dose studies in steady state, bioequivalence assessment on the metabolite, add-on study, and widening the bioequivalence acceptance limits based on reference variability. The methods for widening of bioequivalence limits based on reference variability are scaled average bioequivalence containing within-subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$), population bioequivalence derived from total variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TT}$), and individual bioequivalence derived from subject by formulation interaction variability (${\sigma}_D$) and within subject variability on reference drug (${\sigma}_{WR}$) and test drug (${\sigma}_{TR}$). To apply these methods, the switching variability (${\sigma}_0$) will have to be set by the regulatory authorities. The proposals of bioequivalence evaluation approach for the highly variable in Korea are presented for both of new drug and reevaluation drug.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2017

임상영양서비스에 대한 의사의 인식과 임상영양사 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식에 대한 인과관계를 명확하게 파악하기 위해 매개효과를 분석하고 부트스트래핑으로 매개효과를 검증한 이 연구의 결과물을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 5가지 가설을 다음과 같이 세웠다. 가설 1. '의사가 인식하는 임상영양서비스의 실행에 대한 의사의 인식'은 '임상영양서비스의 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'에 정(+)의 영향을 줄 것이다. 가설 2. 의사가 인식하는 '임상영양서비스의 질병 치료 효과에 대한 의사의 인식'은 '임상영양서비스 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'에 정(+)의 영향을 줄 것이다. 가설 3. '임상영양서비스의 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'은 '임상영양사 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식'에 정(+)의 영향을 줄 것이다. 가설 4. '임상영양서비스 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'은 '임상영양서비스 실행에 대한 의사의 인식'과 '임상영양사 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식' 사이에서 매개역할을 할 것이다. 가설 5. '임상영양서비스 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'은 '임상영양서비스의 질병 치료 효과에 대한 의사의 인식'과 '임상영양사 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식' 사이에서 매개역할을 할 것 이다. 가설검증 결과와 매개효과 분석 결과 가설 1~5까지의 가설이 모두 지지되었다. 결론적으로 1) '임상영양서비스의 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식'이 완전 매개로 작용한 경우는 임상영양서비스 실행 횟수에 상관없이 의사가 임상영양서비스의 중요도를 인식해야만 임상영양사 요구도를 인식한다는 것이며, 2) 임상영양서비스의 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식이 불완전 매개로 작용한 경우는 임상영양서비스의 질병 치료 효과에 대한 의사의 인식과 임상영양서비스 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식 사이에서 프로세스 역할을 수행하지만, 임상영양서비스의 질병 치료 효과에 대한 의사의 인식이 임상영양서비스 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식에 더 큰 영향을 준다는 것이다. 따라서 임상영양서비스에 대한 의사들의 긍정적인 인식은 임상영양사 요구도에 대한 의사의 인식을 높이지만, 단순히 임상영양서비스의 양적 횟수 즉 임상영양서비스의 실행에 대한 의사의 인식이 아니라 환자 치료에 있어서 도움이 되는 질적 효과 즉 임상영양서비스의 질병 치료효과에 대한 의사의 인식과 임상영양서비스의 중요도에 대한 의사의 인식이 의사들에게서 임상영양서비스에 대한 긍정적인 인식을 이끌어 낼 수 있다. 이러한 의료진의 긍정적인 인식을 높이기 위해서는 추가적으로 임상영양서비스를 수행하는 임상영양사의 전문성이 요구된다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 임상영양서비스에 대한 의사의 인식이 임상영양사 요구도에 영향을 준다고 여겨진다. 더불어 영양학 분야의 유사연구에서 사회과학 분야 통계기법을 활용하여 명확한 인과관계를 규명하는데 본 연구가 발판이 되어 질 것으로 기대하는 바이다.