• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2024

This review examines the pivotal clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, in the management of obesity. The reported findings underscore significant and sustained weight loss achieved with semaglutide in diverse patient groups, although gastrointestinal disorders occurred frequently, leading to therapy discontinuation. Overall, the studies demonstrated the potential of semaglutide as a therapeutic option not only for type 2 diabetes but also for obesity. The treatment landscape in obesity is evolving, as reflected in changing regulatory approvals and clinical guidelines, suggesting a paradigm shift toward personalized approaches in this chronic disease states to achieve optimal treatment outcomes for patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2001

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variable factors and clinical results following the operative treatment of the tibial plateau fractures. Materials and Methods: The clinical and radiological analysis was performed on 29 cases of the tibial plateau fractures who had been treated with operative treatment and followed up for more than 1 year from January 1991 to December 1997. The analysis of clinical results was performed dividing into age, cause of injury, fracture type of Schatzker classification, associated soft tissue injury and method of operative treatment. Results: According to Schatzker classification, 2 cases(6.9%) were type I, 11 cases(37.9%) were type II, 1 case(3.5%) was type III, 5 cases(17.2%) were type IV, 4 cases(13.8%) were type V, and 6 cases(20.7%) were type VI. In all cases, bony unions were obtained. According to Blokker evaluation, 23 cases(79.3%) of 29 cases were acceptable. Conclusion: We could expect good clinical results if early knee joint mobilization following minimal invasive open reduction and internal fixation could be obtained. Bad clinical results were related with young age group under 30, more than Schatzker classification type IV of high energy trauma and associated injury of anterior cruciated ligment or meniscus.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate cumulative survival rate (CSR) of Implantium implants followed for 5 years and association between risk factors and the CSR. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of two hundred forty-nine Implantium Implants System (Dentium, Seoul, Korea) placed in ninety-five patients from 2004 to 2009 were investigated with several identified risk factors (sex, systemic disease, smoking, alchohol, reason of tooth loss, length, arch (maxilla or mandible), replace tooth type (incisor, canine, premolar or molar) Kennedy classification, prosthodontic type, prosthodontic design, opposite dentition, abutment type, occlusal material, occlusal unit, splint to tooth, cantilever, other surgery). Clinical examination (mobility, percussion, screw loosening, discomfort, etc.) and radiographic examination data were collected from patient records including all problems during follow-up period according to protocols described earlier. Life table analysis was undertaken to examine the CSR. Cox regression method was conducted to assess the association between potential risk factors and overall CSR. RESULTS. Five of 249 implants were failed. Four of these were lost before loading. The 5-year implant cumulative survival rate was 97.37%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant predictive association between overall CSR and systemic disease, smoking, reason of tooth loss, arch, Kennedy classification and prosthodontic design (P<.05). The screw related complication was rare. Two abutment screw fractures were found. Another complications of prosthetic components were porcelain fracture, resin facing fracture and denture fracture (n=19). CONCLUSION. The 5-year CSR of Implantium implants was 97.37 %. Implant survival may be dependent upon systemic disease, smoking reason of tooth loss, arch, Kennedy classification and prosthodontic design (P<.05). The presence of systemic diseases and combination of other surgical procedures may be associated with increased implant failure.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2006

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a relatively common disorder, and is characterized by episodic vertigo and nystagmus which was provoked by head motion. However, little is known about the short and long-term outcome and the prognostic factors for recurrence of BPPV. In this pilot study, we tried to identify the prognostic factors of BPPV for short-term outcome. Methods: We analyzed clinical features of 32 patients (men=21, mean $age=60.4^{\circ}{\pm}12.6y$) with BPPV that was diagnosed by typical nystagmus induced by positioning maneuver. The induced nystagmus was recorded using video-oculography (VOG). According to the semicircular canal involved, BPPV patients were classified into horizontal, posterior, or anterior canal type. Univariate analysis for age, sex, and history of vertigo, and Kaplan-Meier analysis for each canal type were performed. Results: Horizontal (n=21, 65.6%) semicircular canal type BPPV was more common than the posterior one (n=11, 34.4%). Median follow-up period was 113 day (from 34 to 216 days). Four patients with horizontal canal type BPPV had recurrent attacks. Age, history of vertigo, and days prior to diagnosis were not different between canal type. Overall recurrence rate of horizontal canal type BPPV by Kaplan-Meier estimation was 19% at 60 days (p=0.13). Conclusions: Horizontal canal type BPPV was more common and recurred more frequently than posterior canal type in the present study. However, we did not find prognostic factors for recurrence of BPPV.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of recognition of core basic nursing skills of nursing students who have experienced clinical practice with Q methodology. The subjects of this study were 34 nursing students of graduate school who had clinical practice using 34 Q samples The data were analyzed by PC-QUAN program. As a result of the research, 1 type 'behavior - centered', core basic nursing is recognized to be performed correctly according to nursing situation, 2 types of 'future preparation type' are core nursing, And 3 types of 'dependent learning type' were categorized as recognizing that sufficient learning is required in school for accurate nursing practice. Analysis of each type will contribute to providing basic data for establishing an effective educational strategy.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2011

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to a variety of complications and thus we have retrospectively studied to investigate problems of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study and the heart in the patients with type-II DM. Blood glucose and blood pressure levels were higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. We found that several latencies were delayed in motor conduction study of upper (median and ulnar nerve) and lower extremities (peroneal and tibial nerve), whereas amplitudes and NCVs were decreased in DM group compared with Non-DM group. Latencies of sensory conduction study in upper and lower extremities (sural nerve) were delayed, while amplitudes and NCVs were lower in DM group than in Non-DM group. Abnormal percent of the electrocardiogram was higher in DM group than in Non-DM group. This retrospective study suggests that type-II DM can cause a damage effect on the peripheral nerve and the heart function.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Introduction The previous study showed that the psychological Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and physical Body Mass Index (BMI) were clinically useful for predicting Sasang types diagnosed with certified clinical specialist and QSCCII. The purpose of current study was to examine its clinical usefulness using large sized clinical sample. Methods The age, sex, height, weight, circumference of waist and hip, Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and Sasang type of 2,049 participants listed on the Korean Medicine Data Center were acquired. The anthropometrics of BMI, Ponderal Index (PI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. The discriminant analysis using SPQ subscales, BMI, age and sex were performed to predict Sasang types. And, the ANCOVA with age and sex as covariate was also used to examine differences among diagnosed and predicted Sasang type groups in biopsychological features. Results The discriminant analysis showed 82.0% of percentage correctly predicted. And, the biopsychological characteristics of predicted Sasang type groups were significantly similar to those of diagnosed Sasang type groups. In both predicted and diagnosed Sasang type groups, the anthropometric measures were in increasing order of So-Eum, So-Yang, and Tae-Eum types, and the psychological measures were in increasing order of So-Eum, Tae-Eum, and So-Yang types as shown in previous studies. Discussion and Conclusion The well validated biopsychological variables of SPQ and BMI showed theoretical and clinical usefulness, and were found to be useful for diagnosing Sasang types in clinical setting. The current study might be useful for the East-West integrative medicine and evidence-based teaching.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and effect on glucose level of Bojungikgi-tang in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: To review patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory tests retrospectively, we investigated 15 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who took Bojungikgi-tang at Kyung Hee University Korean Medical Hospital for at least one day between January 2012 and December 2022. The blood glucose levels, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels, and glycated hemoglobin level, were collected to determine the effect of the Bojungikgi-tang on blood sugar changes. Furthermore, to evaluate the safety of Bojungikgi-tang, hepatic function and renal function tests were implemented, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate. Results: When Bojungikgi-tang and a standard treatment for diabetes were administered for patients with type 2 diabetes, it was confirmed that there were no statistically significant changes in FBS and PP2 levels in the analysis of each medication taken. There was no significant difference in the safety profile after taking Bojungikgi-tang. Conclusions: The combined administration of Bojungikgi-tang with standard hypoglycemic medication for patients with type 2 diabetes may not affect blood glucose levels and safety.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.336-346
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify nurses'critical thinking disposition, self-leadership and clinical competency in small to medium sized hospitals less than 300beds. Methods: Data were collected using the questionnaire from 227 nurses in Incheon city and Gyeonggi province from March to April, 2017. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test to identify differences in critical thinking disposition, self-leadership and clinical competency. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to identify the correlation among the study variables, and multiple regression was used to identify factors contributing to clinical competency. Results: There were significant differences in critical thinking disposition according to age, marital status, clinical career, career in currently working department and education about leadership. Significant differences in self-leadership were identified according to marital status, work position, working department, work type, education about leadership, and turnover intention. Clinical competency was significantly different depending on age, education, monthly income, work position, career in currently working department, work type, education about critical thinking disposition and education about leadership. Clinical competency was positively correlated critical thinking disposition and self-leadership. Critical thinking deposition, monthly income and self-leadership explained 30.1% of clinical competency of nurses working in small to medium sized hospitals. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that we need to improve nurses'critical thinking disposition, self-leadership, and the clinical competency.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1231-1244
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to report the glucose-lowering effect and safety of herbal extracts in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We investigated 21 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were administered Daeshiho-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Jowiseunggi-tang, and Hoechunyanggyeok-san at Kyung-Hee University Korean Medical Hospital from 2014 to 2019. The hypoglycemic effect of the herbal extracts was assessed by comparing blood glucose levels, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels. For safety assessment, the effects of herbal extracts on liver and kidney function were analyzed by liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and kidney function tests, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Patients were stratified according to their glycated hemoglobin (<6.5 or >6.5) levels and the kind of herbal extract used for treatment. Results: After administration of herbal extracts, FBS and PP2 significantly decreased to 20.24 mg/dL and 35.0 mg/dL respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that, regardless of the glycated hemoglobin level, FBS and PP2 were significantly reduced in both groups. The safety profile showed no significant difference before and after taking herbal extracts. Conclusions: Daeshigo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Jowiseunggi-tang, and Hoechunyanggyeok-san may show the further glucose-lowering effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have already treated with anti-hyperglycemic agents.