• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the practice patterns of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) doctors and the acceptance of payment model in order to develop a new TKM health insurance payment model linked with TKM clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Methods : Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) and idiopathic facial palsy (IFP) were selected as a test diseases to develop a new TKM payment model. The level of benefit coverage in the National Health Insurance (NHI) was designed. The survey asked 228 TKM doctors about their practice patterns in HIVD and IFP patients and acceptance of new payment model. Results : Mean of medical cost for treatment of HIVD was 441,000 KW, mean of treatment period ranged from 4.9 to 17.5 weeks, and mean of number of treatment ranged from 14.6 to 50.4 HIVD patients. In the case of IFP, mean of medical cost for treatment of IFP was 468,000 KW, mean of treatment period was at least 4.2 and up to 15.9 weeks and mean of number of treatment ranged from 14.2 to 52 IFP patients. Conclusions : Current study suggests that mixed payment model of per-visit and episode-based model seem to be proper. The model 1 bundles both items which were covered and not covered by NHI in a rational way. The model 2 is based on the development and application of critical pathway. Lastly, model 3 suggests bundling of items covered by current NHI. Acceptance of TKM doctors is expected to be highest in the model 3.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

Myocardial ischemia causes heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization and sometimes produces changes of the ST-T wave in ECG. Therefore, morphological changes of ST-T waveform in ECG have a clinical significance in diagnosing myocardial ischemia. In this study, we investigated the ST-T changes caused by myocardial ischemia in magnetocardiography (MCG). We analyzed MCG patterns of biphasic T, ST segment deviations from baseline, main current angle of $T_{peak}$ and $T_{peak}$ dispersion in 300 CAD patients without ST elevation in ECG, 122 symptomatic patients and 48 normal subjects. MCGs were recorded by multichannel SQUID system in a magnetically shielded room. As results, we found that appearances of the abnormality were strongly correlated with the severity of myocardial ischemia. Also we found that the percentage of the patients showing MCG changes were higher than those in ECG. These results show that morphological changes of ST-T waveform in MCG can be used as a marker of myocardial ischemia.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.249-270
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to identify whether ethical values of korean nurses are deontological or utilitarian. Nurse's ethical value questionnaire was developed from review of literature and interview of nurses in the clinical settings. Content validity was tested from three nursing faculties and staffs. Ethical problems are categorized into four areas : 1) human life area 2) nurse-patient relationship area 3) nurse - nursing task relationship area 4) nurse-collegue relationship area The data were obtained from the 404 nurses in the clinical settings from Feb. to Mar. in 1990 by ethical value questionnaire. The analysis of data was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, anova. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The ethical values of human life slightly took up the position of utilitarian. 2. The ethical values of nurse - patient relationships slightly took up deontological position. 3. The ethical values of nurse - nursing task relationships slightly took up deontological position. 4. The ethical values of nurse - colleague relationships greatly took up deontological position. 5. The ethics of nurses related to demographic characteristics of religion, attitude of nursing, ethical standards, education level and post. Those who have religion took up more deontological position than those who have not. Those who have positive attitude of nursing and firm ethical standards took up more deontological position than those who have not. Those who have higher education level and post took up more deontological position than those who have not.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2019

Objectives: Pharmacopuncture is a new form of acupuncture treatment that injects herbal medicine into acupuncture points. This paper introduces the management status of pharmacopuncture through accreditation, and examines the effect of accreditation on pharmacopuncture management. Methods: The Accreditation System of External Herbal Dispensaries (EHDs) of traditional Korean medicine clinics announced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in September 2018 were investigated. Results: The Accreditation System of EHDs assesses and certifies herbal medicine and pharmacopuncture preparations. Regular components for the 'pharmacopuncture' certification consist of nine standards, 30 categories, and 165 items. The nine standards include: herbal dispensary facilities, clean room management, management and organization operation, employee management, document management, continuous quality control, herbal medicine management, management of preparation, and pavement management. Conclusion: Through EHD accreditation and certification system, traditional Korean medicine clinics and EHDs can now manage pharmacopuncture medicine quality and promise safe pharmacopuncture treatment for the people.

• 연구윤리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive clues about the development direction of research ethics and areas of interest which has recently become a social issue in Korea by confirming overseas research trends. Research design, data and methodology: We collected 2,760 articles in scienceON, which including 'research ethics' in their paper. For analysis, frequency analysis, word clouding, keyword association analysis, and LDA topic modeling were used. Results: It was confirmed that many of the papers were published in medical, bio, pharmaceutical, and nursing journals and its interest has been continuously increasing. From word frequency analysis, many words of medical fields such as health, clinical, and patient was confirmed. From topic modeling, 7 topics were extracted such as ethical policy development and human clinical ethics. Conclusions: We founded that overseas research trends on research ethics are related to basic aspects than Korea. This means that a fundamental approach to ethics and the application of strict standards can become the basis for cultivating an overall ethical awareness. Therefore, academic discussions on the application of strict standards for publishing ethics and conducting researches in various fields where community awareness and social consensus are necessary for overall ethical awareness.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the current state of clinical nursing education at hospitals. Methods: Questionnaires were sent out to 236 hospitals which have over 300 beds. Out of these, 116 hospitals responded, and the collected data was analyzed by mean, frequency, t-test, and ANOVA test. Results: These hospitals have teaching agreements with 4.2 nursing colleges and clinical education lasts 8 months. Clinical education status regarding hospital characteristics, between a university hospital, non-university hospitals, among advanced general hospitals, general hospitals, and special hospitals showed statistical differences in colleges per hospital and nurses' degree. 37.9% of cases have no internal regulation for nursing education, and in 68.1% of cases, students' practice was limited to simple nursing care. The current primary guide for student's practice was head nurse (61.25%), and the course professor took charge of mainly the conference. The difficulties as an educational hospital are increases in work load, difficulties in teaching, excessive number of students, simultaneous practical training, complaints from patients, lack in training manpower, and stress. Conclusion: This study determined that the big hospitals are heavily burdened by nursing education and that it will be necessary to establish standards for educational hospitals to ensure higher quality education.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical practice experiences of nursing students who completed the courses of nursing curricula in college. Method: The data was collected using a questionnaire with 191 task elements in 8 nursing standards specified by the Korean Nurses Association(2003), from December 2004 to January 2005. Three hundred thirty-three nursing students from five three-year and five four-year colleges of nursing were selected for respondents. Result: The nursing activities which over 70% of the students had performance experiences with were 23 items(12.04%) practiced frequently in clinical settings, simple, low in malpractice risk and noninvasive in characteristic. In addition, the nursing activities which under 30% of students had performance experiences with were 87 items(45.55%). The nursing activities which over 70% of students had only observation experiences with were 20 items(10.47%). Also, the nursing activities that over 30% of students didn't have any experiences with were 19 items(9.95%) not frequently seen in the clinical setting. Conclusion: It is concluded that the students are not fully qualified as the new nurses of the future. Therefore, every effort to develop a more effective clinical nursing education in school, clinical settings and in students themselves is needed.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2006

The production of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases ($ESBL_S$) is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams, whose prevalence varies depending on the different geographical areas. In the last years it has increased notably to the point of being considered a health problem of great importance. The characterization of the ESBLs producing Klebsiella penumoniae strains present in clinical isolates is time-consuming. I describe here the development of a new system, which consists of a multiplex PCR. I found 51 K. pneumoniae strains to be presumptive strains ESBLs producers by clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. The double disc synergy test showed 47 positive K. pneumoniae, which were K. pneumoniae isolates. All ESBLs producing K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to antibiotic amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. By multiplex PCR analysis, $bla_{TEM}$ gene in 17 strains 44 $bla_{SHV}$ genes and $bla_{CTX}$ genes in 33 strains were identified. In this study, the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was a good method to detect and differentiate ESBLs producing K. penumoniae strains in clinical isolates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1698-1702
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• 2013

Glucose is a common medical analyte measuring in human serum or blood samples. The development of a primary method is necessary for the establishment of traceability in measurements. We have developed an isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as a primary method for the measurement of glucose in human serum. Glucose and glucose-$^{13}C_6$ in sample were ionized in ESI negative mode and monitored at mass transfers of m/z 179/89 and 185/92 in MRM, respectively. Glucose was separated on $NH_2P$-50 2D column, and the mobile phase was 20 mM $NH_4OAc$ in 30% acetonitrile/70% water. Verification of this method was performed by the comparison with NIST SRMs. Our results agreed well with the SRM values. We have developed two levels of glucose serum certified reference material using this method and distributed them to the clinical laboratories in Korea as samples for proficiency testings. The expended uncertainty was about 1.2% on 95% confidence level. In proficiency testings, the results obtained from the clinical laboratories showed about 3.6% and 3.9% RSD to the certified values. Primary method can provide the traceability to the field laboratories through proficiency testings or certified reference materials.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

Objectives : In the WIPO conference about the protection of intellectual property for traditional knowledge (TK) and genetic resources (GR), there was a demand concerning the necessity of recognizing the invention of TK and GR and the foundation of a related database. Methods : In the standard of the foundation of a database, the content and resource identification standards, the technological standards and the security and transmission standards were discussed. In a decision on intellectual property, it means the protection and recognition as a technology precedent of the materials of the database. Results : Massive material on traditional medical care technology in Korea has existed in many areas. However, it is hard to make a database because it is difficult to organize and find the data. In addition, a database demanded by WIPO is not only the material of images or texts of simple technology information, but also the use of patent decisions about traditional knowledge technology and the public sharing of information in related areas. A traditional medical care database would consist of the core of a subject and the related areas. The core part is the medical herb resource and Oriental clinical technology. Conclusions : These are necessary to detail the kind of medicines and prescriptions, their use, and their processing. In the related areas, it needs to detail PIAS and clinical data in regarding the industrialization. These DB have to protect the TK and the GR of Korea.