• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

It is often difficult to identify and localize intraorbital foreign bodies despite of modern high-resolution imaging investigation. Especially, posteriorly located foreign bodies have increased risks of morbidity that surgical approach is often complicated. No matter how trivial it seems, retained foreign body, particularly organic in nature, may give rise to severe orbital and cerebral complications. High clinical suspicion, proper diagnostic studies, timely referral to a skilled orbital surgeon are mandatory. We report a case of intraorbital wooden foreign body that required two separate exploration for removal. Initial exploration failed to identify and locate the foreign body completely. After the operation, fistula formation and purulent discharge were developed and the imaging investigation results were equivocal, complicating the management. A second exploration yielded multiple intraorbital wooden foreign body in the apex of orbit. The patient fully recovered without complication. The evaluations and the details of management strategy are discussed.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

두경부 편평상피세포암은 전세계적으로 6번째로 흔하며 예후가 불량한 암종이다. 면역 감시는 두경부암의 발생과 진행을 억제하는 중요한 기전으로 알려져 있다. 두경부암세포는 면역 감시를 T세포의 관용을 유도하거나 체크포인트를 통한 T세포 기능을 억제하는 등의 방법으로 회피할 수 있다. 한편 진행성 두경부암 임상연구에서 체크포인트 억제제는 명확한 항종양효과를 입증하였다. 이처럼 면역항암제가 중요한 암치료 방법으로 떠오르는 이때에 본 종설은 두경부암의 면회회피 기전 및 임상적용근거에 대한 최근 지식을 정리하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1996

Herpes simplex virus(HSV) infections of the CNS are associated with significant morbidity and mortality even when appropriate antiviral therapy is administered. HSV infections of the brain can be subdivided into two categories : neonatal HSV infections, which usually are caused by HSV type 2, and herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE), which occur in patients over 3 months old and is nearly uniformly caused by HSV type 1. The clinical presentation of HSE is one of the focal encephalopathic process associated with altered levels of consciousness, fever, focal seizures and hemiparesis. But because of the lack of pathognomic clinical presentation and diagnostic procedure, the efforts to develop alternative diagnostic procedure have led to the use of new diagnostic technique such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR). We report a case of HSV type 1 encephalitis in 13 month old male infant who presented with altered level of consciousness, fever and focal seizures. With the use of the PCR, HSV-1 DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid from the patient. The symptoms and signs of encephalitis subsided by treatment with acyclovir in 14 days.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2014

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), which rarely happens in the young, is thought to be a disease of the elderly. Whereas unspecific symptoms and insidious onset in juveniles and young adults, as a result of its relative low morbidity, CSDH is usually neglected even undertreated in the young. Through the three cases and review of the current literature on this subject, we tried to illustrate the clinical and etiopathological characteristics of this entity and find out the most appropriate treatment strategy. We report three young CSDH patients with different but similar symptoms. The present histories, tests and examinations revealed different predisposing factors accounting for the genesis of CSDH. Their preoperative symptoms were all resolved with burr hole and drainage operation. Juveniles and young adults suffering from CSDH differ from that of their elderly counterparts in their clinical and etiopathological characteristics. Although trauma is the most important risk factor in young and old CSDH patients, some other predisposing factors may exist. Burr hole and drainage surgery could resolve the problem most of the time. But further tests and examinations even specific management should be made in some cases.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1998

Despite improvement in respiratory care, including use of low pressure and high volume cuffed tubes, tracheal stenosis remains a serious complication after a long-term tracheal intubation and tracheostomy. In such patients, tracheal resection and primary anastomosis is still considered ideal therapeutic modality. Between 1989 and 1997, we performed tracheal resections with end-to-end anastomosis on 14 patients with no operative mortality and some morbidity. Tracheal stenosis was caused by tracheostomy in nine patients, by endotracheal intubation in three patients and by thyroid carcinoma in two patients. The length of stenosis was various from 2cm to 4.5cm. All patient underwent segmental tracheal resection and primary anastomosis(14 patients) and additional procedures were cricoid cartilage reconstruction(2 patients), suprahyoid laryngeal release(3patients), carinal release technique(2 patients) and arytenoidectomy(2 patients). We have nine complications: granulona at anastomosis site in four patients, vocal cord palsy in two patients and restenosis, pneumonia, skin necrosis in each of those patients. The granuloma was removed by bronchoscopic forceps(4 patients). Vocal cord palsy was treated by arytenoidectorny(2 patients), restenosis by T-tube insertion, pneumonia by antibiotics and skin necrosis was treated by skin graft. We reviews our expenence of clinical features of tracheal stenosis and surgical treatment by tracheal one-to-end anastomosis with additional procedures to avoid postoperative complications for sucessful results.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin, which is obtained from Curcuma longa. THC has various benefits and overcomes the bioavailability issue of curcumin. To establish it as a pharmacologically active molecule, its safety profile has to be determined. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the preclinical safety profile of THC in a 90-day subchronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study in Wistar rats. THC at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered daily for 90 days. Rats in the recovery group were kept for 14 days after treatment termination. The animals were observed for treatment-related morbidity, mortality, and changes in clinical signs, clinical pathology, and histopathology. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity study, THC at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to rats and the reproductive/developmental parameters in adult male and female rats and pups were observed. THC at up to 400 mg/kg/day of did not have any significant effect on all parameters in male and female rats in both toxicity studies. Thus, 400 mg/kg/day can be considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of THC in rats.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2020

Facial paralysis is a devastating disease, the treatment of which is challenging. The use of the masseteric nerve in facial reanimation has become increasingly popular and has been applied to an expanded range of clinical scenarios. However, appropriate selection of the motor nerve and reanimation method is vital for successful facial reanimation. In this literature review on facial reanimation and the masseter nerve, we summarize and compare various reanimation methods using the masseter nerve. The masseter nerve can be used for direct coaptation with the paralyzed facial nerve for temporary motor input during cross-facial nerve graft regeneration and for double innervation with the contralateral facial nerve. The masseter nerve is favorable because of its proximity to the facial nerve, limited donor site morbidity, and rapid functional recovery. Masseter nerve transfer usually leads to improved symmetry and oral commissure excursion due to robust motor input. However, the lack of a spontaneous, effortless smile is a significant concern with the use of the masseter nerve. A thorough understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the masseter nerve, along with careful patient selection, can expand its use in clinical scenarios and improve the outcomes of facial reanimation surgery.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2022

Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of the most promising strategies to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function via stem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvement in mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. The most salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to the paracrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are known as a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promising therapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargo and facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinical use of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operating procedures for exosome isolation and characterization, problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, the successful clinical application of exosomes requires strategies to optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce the elimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basic concept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease, and introduce current efforts to overcome the limitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes including engineered biomimetic exosomes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1284-1291
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• 2022

The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, and clinical treatment of MRSA infections has become extremely difficult. Sortase A (SrtA), a virulence determinant that anchors numerous virulence-related proteins to the cell wall, is a prime druggable target against S. aureus infection due to its crucial role in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Here, we demonstrate that isovitexin, an active ingredient derived from a variety of traditional Chinese medicines, can reversibly inhibit SrtA activity in vitrowith a low dose (IC₅₀=24.72 ㎍/ml). Fluorescence quenching and molecular simulations proved the interaction between isovitexin and SrtA. Subsequent point mutation experiments further confirmed that the critical amino acid positions for SrtA binding to isovitexin were Ala-92, Ile-182, and Trp-197. In addition, isovitexin treatment dramatically reduced S. aureus invasion of A549 cells. This study shows that treatment with isovitexin could alleviate pathological injury and prolong the life span of mice in an S. aureus pneumonia model. According to our research, isovitexin represents a promising lead molecule for the creation of anti-S. aureus medicines or adjuncts.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2023

The prevalence of candidiasis, a contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality, has sharply increased globally over the last two decades. Candida albicans can cause serious infections in patients with weak immunity and in recipients of prolonged antibiotic treatment. Consequently, rapid and accurate identification of species can play an important role in the treatment of candidiasis. Here, we investigated the positive rate and infection trend of C. albicans according to age, specimen type, and sex using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction-based testing of samples collected for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in Korea between 2018 and 2020. When the type of specimen collected was a swab, the positive rate of C. albicans was higher among younger women, and tended to decrease with age. Analysis of swab samples revealed higher positive rates than urinalysis. The reduction trend in positive rates by age was comparable between the overall samples and urine specimens. Among male patients, the positive rate did not differ substantially across the various types of specimens collected. Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of non-albicans Candida species than C. albicans in clinical specimens, and exclusion of the former from our analysis may be a limitation of this study. However, our findings contribute significantly to the literature because globally, there is a paucity of epidemiological studies using molecular techniques to detect C. albicans in sexually transmitted disease test samples.