• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2005

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been used as a food supplement and a traditional herbal medicine. In this study, we prepared various flavonoid fractions (RS, RW1, RW2 and RWE) from a hot water extract of RVS and their influence on male reproductive organs and spermatogenesis were studied in rats which were orally administered 200 mg/kg of them for 8 weeks. All experimental groups did not show any significant changes in body weight and blood clinical chemistry for liver function. Plasma testosterone level was elevated about 3.7, 5.2 and 6.3 folds in RW1, RW2 and RWE groups, respectively. The weights of testes and epididymides tended to increase slightly without the statistical significance in RW2 and RWE. The spermatozoon motility and epididymal sperm concentration were significantly increased (P<0.05) in RWE and RW1, respectively, when compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in histology and apparent shape of testes and epididymides among the control and the experimental groups. Collectively, RWE showed effectively the elevation of plasma testosterone level, spermatozoon motility and the epididymal sperm concentration without the significant increase of testis and epidiymides weights. When the component HPLC profile among the flavonoids fractions of RVS was compared, the ratio of components were only different. These findings suggest that the Rhus flavonoid fraction, particularly RWE, can stimulate the androgen-dependent male sexual function and it can be applied to the material of functional food for enhancing the sexual function.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

The larval form of Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) has been eaten in many countries and provides benefits as a new food source of protein for humans. However, no information exists regarding its safety for humans. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxicity and repeated dose oral toxicity of the freeze-dried powder of T. molitor larvae. The genotoxic potential was evaluated by a standard battery testing: bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro chromosome aberration test, and in vivo micronucleus test. To assess the repeated dose toxicity, the powder was administered once daily by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 300, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. The parameters which were applied to the study were mortality, clinical signs, body and organ weights, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, gross findings and histopathologic examination. The freezedried powder of T. molitor larvae was not mutagenic or clastogenic based on results of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. Furthermore, no treatment-related changes or findings were observed in any parameters in rats after 28 days oral administration. In conclusion, the freeze-dried powder of T. molitor larvae was considered to be non-genotoxic and the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was determined to be 3000 mg/kg/day in both sexes of SD rats under our experimental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.707-710
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• 2010

Mt. Jiri, where is located in southwestern area of Korea, can be a treasury of herbal medicine plants grown wild. More than 1200 species currently classified as herbs are grown or cultivated. Recently, the studies on the safflower which attracts the interests in the inhibition of skin aging in the modern people have been actively investigated, and this study aims to confirm that polyphenol compound, the main ingredient of safflower, can be a natural material to cause the delayed effect on the skin aging, inhibiting the generation of wrinkle in the 30 to 40s middle aged females. Primarily, this study is to confirm the anti-oxidizing effect by DPPH assay in vitro, and to evaluate the efficacy of inhibition or improvement on the wrinkle generation in the face skin by clinical trials, additionally. In addition, we are confident to contribute on the improvement of functional cosmetic industry, developing the sample product of anti-aging mask pack which has the main ingredient with the extract of safflower.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 1994

ln vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of DWQ-013(1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-methylthiomethylpyrrolidinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid), a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic standard strains and clinical isolates. DWQ-013 had a broad spectrum and potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of DWQ-013 against Staphylococcus aureus was equal to that of sparfloxacin(SPFX) and superior to those of ciprofloxacin(CPFX). The antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria was slightly lower than those of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. MIC of DWQ-013 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa$(0.781{\sim}1.563\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was usually equal to that of sparfloxacin$(0.781\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and was inferior to that of ciprofloxacin$(0.098\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The number of viable cells was decreased rapidly after addition of DWQ-013 at concentration of $1{\sim}2$ folds of MIC.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 1997

The subacute toxicity of the combined vaccine (KGCC-95VI) for the prophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis and Hantaan virus infection, recently developed by Korea Green Cross Corporation, was investigated. KGCC-95VI was subcutaneously administered into the both sexes of New Zealand White rabbits at the dosage of 0, 10. 50 and 250 ml/kg body weight (20, 100 and 500 times the expected clincal dose) once a day for 30 days. There were no deaths and clinical findings during the experiment period. In both sexes. there were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups in urinalysis tests, hematological tests, blood chemistry tests and pathological examinations. The KGCC-95VI is considered not to have the subacute toxicity in the rabbits.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2007

A rapid analytical method was developed to quantify very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs, C22:0, C24:0, C26:0) in human plasma with good sensitivity and specificity using tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization and stable isotope GC-MS selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM). Two-hundred and fifty ${\mu}L$ of plasma was fortified with deuterated stable isotope internal standards (d3-C22:0, d3-C24:0, d3-C26:0) and standard mixtures of chloroform and methanol, and then extracted with hexane and acetonitrile. To upper layer of liquid-liquid-extraction, N-(t-Butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide was added and then heated to $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min to produce the TBDMS derivatives. Derivatives of VLCFAs were analyzed by GC-MS/SIM. Calibration curves showed a linear relationship for the target compounds in the concentration range of $10^{-4}{\sim}2{\times}10^3\;{\mu}g/mL$ with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.996 to 0.999. The limit of quantification for the plasma was $10^{-4}{\sim}2{\times}10^{-4}\;{\mu}g/mL$ (S/N=3). When applied to the plasma specimens of patients with peroxisomal disorder, X-linked adrenoleucodystropy (ALD, Mckusick 202370), the method clearly differentiated normal subjects from ALD patients. The C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios were significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with X-linked ALD compared to normal subjects. The new developed method might be useful for a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of X-linked ALD and other peroxisomal disorders.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2014

A six-months-old male Korean domestic shorthair cat was presented with fever, tachypnea, anorexia, and weight loss and admitted to Lee Seung Jin Animal Medical Center. During the routine physical examination, clinical signs such as mild dehydration and jaundice in the sclera were present. The complete blood count (CBC) and serum chemistry result showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Radiography revealed hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Blood smear and microscopic examination showed severe hemolysis and anisocytosis. We sent the blood sample to the Neodin Veterinary Laboratory for PCR analysis to conduct a test to find out Ehlichia, feline hemoplasmas (haemobartonella), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and anaplasma infection. According to PCR examination, the blood of this cat was positive for feline hemoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis), but negative for other pathogens. The patient was prescribed doxycycline for 4 weeks and prednisolone for 1 week. The free of feline hemoplasmas infection was confirmed by PCR recheck after six months.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.366-370
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• 2013

A 7-month-old Pomeranian presented with non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limb. Physical examination revealed pain on extension of the right hip joint, and serum chemistry results showed an increased concentration of creatine kinase. Radiographic findings at admission included a weak radiolucent line on the right femoral head and widening of the right hip joint space, and mild displacement of the right capital femoral epiphysis was additionally identified on day 14. Computed tomography (CT) showed a decreased Hounsfield Unit measurement and a fracture line on the right femoral head. Early stage Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) was diagnosed and femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed on the right femur. A fracture fissure and osteophytes at the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head were identified surgically. Necrosis in the femoral metaphysis and epiphysis was observed histologically. This case report describes the radiography, CT images, and surgical and histological findings in a dog with early stage LCPD.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2020

Fermented products, including sausages, provide several health benefits, particularly when probiotics are used in the fermentation process. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity (against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cell lines), antihypertensive activity via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidant capacity, antidiabetic activity via α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, proteolysis rate, and oxidative degradation of fermented camel and beef sausages in vitro by the novel probiotic Lactococcus lactis KX881782 isolated from camel milk. Moreover, camel and beef sausages fermented with commercial starter culture alone were compared to those fermented with commercial starter culture combined with L. lactis. The degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity against Caco-2 and MCF-7, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibitory activities were higher (p<0.05) in fermented camel sausages than beef sausages. In contrast, the water and lipid peroxidation activity were lower (p<0.05) in camel sausages than beef sausages. L. lactis enhanced the health benefits of the fermented camel sausages. These results suggest that camel sausage fermented with the novel probiotic L. lactis KX881782 could be a promising functional food that relatively provides several health benefits to consumers compared with fermented beef sausage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2335-2340
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• 2014

Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured -15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at $38^{\circ}C$ over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.