• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.114-127
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• 2021

Water pollution in the lower reaches of the Namhan River is getting worse due to drought and a decrease in water quantity due to climatic changes and hence is affecting the water quality of Paldang Lake. Accordingly, we have used a water quality index (WQI) and statistical analysis in this study to identify the characteristics of the water quality in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, the main causes of water pollution, and tributaries that need priority management. Typically, 10 items (WT, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC) were used as the water quality factors for the statistical analysis, and the matrix of data was set as 324 × 10·1. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and T-P with a high statistical significance (r=0.700, p<0.01). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the main factors affecting the change in water quality were T-P and organic substances introduced into the water by rainfall. Based on the Mann-Kendall test, a statistically significant increase in pH was observed in SH-1, DL, SH-2, CM, and BH, along with an increase in WQI in SH-2 and SM. BH was identified as a tributary that needs priority management in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, with a "Somewhat poor" (IV) grade in T-P, "Fair" grade in WQI, and "Marginal" grade in summer.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Shallow failures occur frequently in both engineered and natural slopes in expansive soils. Rainfall infiltration is the most predominant triggering factor that contributes to slope failures in both expansive soils and clayey soils. However, slope failures in expansive soils have some distinct characteristics in comparison to slopes in conventional clayey soils. They typically undergo shallow failures with gentle sliding retrogression characteristics. The shallow sliding mass near the slope surface is typically in a state of unsaturated condition and will exhibit significant volume changes with increasing water content during rainfall periods. Many other properties or characteristics change such as the shear strength, matric suction including stress distribution change with respect to depth and time. All these parameters have a significant contribution to the expansive soil slopes instability and are difficult to take into consideration in slope stability analysis using traditional slope stability analysis methods based on principles of saturated soil mechanics. In this paper, commercial software VADOSE/W that can account for climatic factors is used to predict variation of matric suction with respect to time for an expansive soil cut slope in China, which is reported in the literature. The variation of factor of safety with respect to time for this slope is computed using SLOPE/W by taking account of shear strength reduction associated with loss of matric suction extending state-of-the art understanding of the mechanics of unsaturated soils.

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.603-615
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• 2018

Objective: We analyzed the association between regional weather and temporal changes on the daily occurrence of trauma emergencies and their severity. Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective study, we investigated daily atmospheric patterns in trauma episodes in 1,344 patients in Cheongju city, South Korea, from January 2016 to December 2016 and analyzed the association of trauma occurrence and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) with weather conditions on a daily scale. Results: The mean age of trauma patients was $53.0{\pm}23.8years$ and average ISS was $9.0{\pm}2.0$. Incidence of trauma was positively correlated with average temperature (r=0.512, P<0.001) and atmospheric pressure (r=0.332, P=0.010) and negatively correlated with air pollutants (particulate matter less than $2.5{\mu}m^3$ [PM2.5], r=-0.629, P<0.001; particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m^3$ [PM10], r=-0.679, P<0.001). ISS was not significantly correlated with climate parameters and air pollutants, and variability was observed in the frequency and severity of trauma by time of day (highest occurrence, 16-20 pm; highest ISS, 4-8 am), day of the week (highest occurrence and highest ISS, Saturday), month of the year (highest occurrence, July; highest ISS, November), and season (highest incidence, summer; highest ISS, autumn). Conclusion: The study shows a positive relationship between trauma occurrence and specific weather conditions, such as atmospheric temperature and pressure. There was a negative relationship between concentrations of PM2.5 or PM10, and trauma occurrence. However, no correlation was observed between weather conditions or the concentrations of air pollutants and ISS. In addition, seasonal, circaseptan, and circadian variations exist in trauma occurrence and severity. Thus, we suggest that evaluation of a larger, population-based data set is needed to further investigate and confirm these relationships.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.872-883
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• 2021

We evaluated the effects of heat stress on physiological responses and milk production in Holstein and Jersey cows reared in Korea. The mean average temperature-humidity index (THI) increased significantly from May to August and then decreased until October. The mean average rectal temperature (RT) was increased in Holstein cows compared with Jersey cows, as the THI values increased from 61 to 85. The average respiratory rate (RR) was increased in Jersey cows compared with Holstein cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. The average surface temperature of the rumen and udder was higher in Jersey cows than in Holstein cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. No significant difference was noted with respect to relative serum volumes between the breeds and THI ranges, but we measured significant changes in serum pH in Holstein and Jersey cows when the THI value increased from 61 to 85. Milk production was not significantly changed in Holstein cows when the THI increased from 61 to 85, but milk production and milk protein content were significantly altered in Jersey cows when the THI increased from 61 to 85. Current study suggests that Holstein cows still have an advantage in terms of the economic returns of dairy farms in Korea. Therefore, further research is required regarding the heat tolerance of Jersey cows in Korean climatic conditions.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

동절기와 해빙기의 기온차가 큰 지역에서는 일정 깊이까지 동결, 융해 작용이 반복적으로 발생하여 흙의 역학적 특성이 변화를 보이게 된다. 특히 세립분이 많은 흙인 경우 팽창과 수축을 통한 입자의 재배열 등으로 인하여 노반의 연약화가 많이 발생된다. 이러한 노반의 연약화는 지지력이 낮은 지반에서 반복하중이 재하 되었을 때 급격하게 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 철도 노반재료로 사용되는 대표 토질 3가지를 대상으로 세립분의 함유량, 간극비의 영향 등을 고려하여 동결융해 반복횟수에 따른 직접전단 시험을 실시하여 그 감소량을 정량적으로 평가하였으며, 이를 통하여 세립분의 함유량과 함수비 조건, 동결융해 횟수 등을 고려할 수 있는 전단강도 저감 모델 식을 제안하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.408-426
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• 2020

This study aims to establish the national strategy for biodiversity conservation by analyzing the current status of ecodiversity as the foundation of biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, this study has another purpose of preparing the measures for conservation and restoration of biodiversity. Ecodiversity was discussed as the basis for conserving biodiversity. Five climate zones and 14 climatic regions, eight plant geographic regions, three massifs and major geologic series, horizontal and vertical topographic conditions, 16 ecoregions, major ecosystems including forest, river and streams, wetlands, coast and marine, agriculture, and urban esosystems, and land use types were discussed as the element of the ecodiversity. In terms of biodiversity conservation, the actual conditions of each ecological unit were reviewed and measures were proposed to reduce biodiversity loss. Destruction and fragmentation of habitat, poor ecosystem management due to socioeconomic changes, the effects of exotic species and chemicals, and climate change were discussed as the major factors causing biodiversity loss. Systematic monitoring based on scientific principles and ecological restoration based on those monitoring results were recommended as measures for biodiversity conservation.

• 대기
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Recently, Japan's Meteorological Research Institute presented the d4PDF database (Database for Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change, d4PDF) through large-scale climate ensemble simulations to overcome uncertainty arising from variability when the general circulation model represents extreme-scale precipitation. In this study, the change of precipitation characteristics between the historical and future climate conditions in the Yongdam-dam basin was analyzed using the d4PDF data. The result shows that annual mean precipitation and seasonal mean precipitation increased by more than 10% in future climate conditions. This study also performed an analysis on the change of the return period rainfall. The annual maximum daily rainfall was extracted for each climatic condition, and the rainfall with each return period was estimated. In this process, we represent the extreme-scale rainfall corresponding to a very long return period without any statistical model and method as the d4PDF provides rainfall data during 3,000 years for historical climate conditions and during 5,400 years for future climate conditions. The rainfall with a 50-year return period under future climate conditions exceeded the rainfall with a 100-year return period under historical climate conditions. Consequently, in future climate conditions, the magnitude of rainfall increased at the same return period and, the return period decreased at the same magnitude of rainfall. In this study, by using the d4PDF data, it was possible to analyze the change in extreme magnitude of rainfall.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.99-99
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• 2022

Jeju island has a humid subtropical climate and this climate zone is expected to migrate northward toward the main land, Korea Peninsula, as temperature increases are accelerated. Vegetation type has been inevitably shifted along with the climatic change, having more subtropical species native in southeast Asia or even in Africa. With the forest composition shift, it becomes more important than ever to analyze the water balance of the forest wihth the ongoing as well as upcoming climate change. Here, we implemented the Ecosystem Demography Biosphere Model (ED2) by initializing the key variables using forest inventory data (diameter at breast height in 2012). Out of 10,000 parameter sets randomly generated from prior distribution distributions of each parameter (i.e., Monte-Carlo Method), we selected four behavioral parameter sets using remote-sensing data (LAI-MOD15A2H, GPP-MOD17A2H, and ET-MOD16A2, 8-days at 500-m during 2001-2005), and evaluated the performances using eddy-covariance carbon flux data (2012 Mar.-Sep. 30-min) and remote sensing data between 2006-2020. We simulated each of the four RCP scenarios (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) from four climate forcings (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MIROC5 from ISIMIP2b). Based on those 64 simulation sets, we estimate the changes in water balance resulting from the forest composition shift, and also uncertainty in the estimates and the sensitivity of the estimates to the parameters, climate forcings, and RCP scenarios.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2024

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPP_MONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPP_MONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPP_MONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPP_MONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p<0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPP_MONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPP_MONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration's high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1982

본 연구는 농촌진흥청산하의 41개 병새충발생예찰소에서 1966년부터 1979년까지 14년간 조사된 이화명나방의 유살자료를 기초로 기상자료, 품종의 변천, 경종법의 변동, 기지 농업기술의 변천에 따르는 이화명나방 발생양상의 변동을 분석함으로써 금후 본 해충의 발생예찰을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 이화명나방을 중심으로 한 생태계의 연구용 Model을 구성하는 기초로 삼고자 수행하여 다음과 같을 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이화명나방의 유살수는 벼 통일계 신품종이 재배되기 전인 1971년 이전에 비해 확대보급된 1972년 이후에 급격히 감소하였으며 특히 1화기의 감소가 현저하였다.2. 이화명 나방의 1화기에 대한 2화기 유살량의 상대비율은 지리산 부근의 산간지와 추풍령 이북지방에서 높고 기타지방에서 낮은 경향을 보였으며 통일계 신품종이 보급된 1972년 이후 그 비율이 점차 높아지는 현상을 나타내었다. 3. 이화명나방의 $50\%$ 유살일은 1,2화기 공히 동남해안지방에서 늦었고 중서부로 갈수록 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 4. 1977년 이후 3개년간의 2화기 유살량, 2화기의 1화기에 대한 유살량의 상대비율, 그리고 2화기 $50\%$ 유살일에 있어서 추풍령을 경개로 남북간에 뚜렷한 생태적 층화현상을 보였다. 5. 2화기 증식량은 6월과 7월중의 평균기온과 부의 상관을 나타내었으며 6월중의 강우량과도 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 한편 1화기의 증식량은 전년 9,10,11월 및 동년 3월중의 온도와 각각 정의 상관관계를 보였으며 전년 9월초순의 강우량과 동년 3월의 강우량 및 5월의 습도와 각각 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 6. 이화명나방의 1,2화기 $50\%$ 유살일까지의 유효적산오도는 상${\cdot}$하 한림계온도 $30^{\circ}\~10^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 년차변이가 $5\%$ 이내로서 신뢰성 있는 추정이 가능하였으며 이 해충이 1새데 경과에 소요되는 적산오도는 $600\~900$ Day Degree $^{\circ}C$로 나타났다.