• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2021

Subalpine and alpine ecosystems are especially vulnerable to temperature increases. Betula ermanii Cham. (Betulaceae) is a dominant broad-leaved tree species in the subalpine zone and is designated as a 'Climate-sensitive Biological Indicator Species' in South Korea. This study aimed to predict the potential distribution of B. ermanii under current and future climate conditions in South Korea using the MaxEnt model. The species distribution models showed an excellent fit (AUC=0.99). Among the climatic variables, the most critical factors shaping B. ermanii distribution were identified as the maximum temperature of warmest month (Bio5; 64.8%) and annual mean temperature (Bio1; 20.3%). Current potential habitats were predicted in the Baekdudaegan mountain range and Mt. Hallasan, and the area of suitable habitat was 1531.52 km², covering 1.57% of the Korean Peninsula. With global warming, future climate scenarios have predicted a decrease in the suitable habitats for B. ermanii. Under RCP8.5-2070s, in particular, habitat with high potential was predicted only in several small areas in Gangwon-do, and the total area suitable for the species decreased by up to 97.3% compared to the current range. We conclude that the dominant factor affecting the distribution of B. ermanii is temperature and that future temperature rises will increase the vulnerability of this species.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and their change of Pinus densiflora forests by climate change in Mt. Hallasan. The results showed that the areas of P. densiflora forests of Mt. Hallasan varied by region, with a total area of 1,324.3 ha, concentrated mostly in the region 1,000 m - 1,400 m above sea level. The temperate coniferous forest zone are distributed in the upper part of temperate forest zone composed of deciduous broad-leaved trees. Most of the P. densiflora forests in the lower parts were found not to be spreading because they are located close to the deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, the P. densiflora forests in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions composed of the grasslands and shrub forests were found to be spreading. In addition, the altitude of the P. densiflora forests distribution increased by about 50 m and 90 m in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions, respectively. The spread rate is expected to become faster than in the past due to the rate of climate change. The structure of the vegetation in Mt. Hallasan and the changes in the vegetation due to various factors need to be investigated from a long-term point of view.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

The effects of a green buffer zone to protect a residential area from air pollution from industrial facilities and traffic was examined by analyzing the case of a green buffer zone in the Shiwha industrial complex. The green buffer zone is 175 m wide. The intent was to assess the dispersion patterns of atmospheric air pollutants and the reduction in concentration around the green buffer zone. To measure atmospheric sulfur dioxide$(SO_2)$ and nitrogen dioxide$(NO_2)$ concentration, badge-type passive samplers were used and set up at 76 locations in order to measure the concentration of air pollutants with respect to the spatial dispersion. The weighted mean values of $SO_2\;and\;NO_2$ concentration were $3\~57 ppb\;and\;18\~62 ppb$ and the differences among the green buffer zone, the industrial area and the residential areas were $0.7\~1.1 ppb$. Mean values of atmospheric concentrations of $NO_2$ were similar in industrial and, residential areas and the green buffer zone. Results of the study show that the effect of the green buffer zone on reducing the dispersion of air pollutants was very low. This study also recommends that micro-climate, i.e., wind direction should be considered as a factor for planning and design of green buffer zones.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2014년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.154-157
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• 2014

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.78-95
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• 2024

기후변화와 도시 문제를 고려해 다양한 영역에 걸친 환경계획의 수립과 비교를 위해서는 일관된 기준으로 분류된 지역 규모 수준의 공간자료 구축이 중요하다. 본 연구는 World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools(WUDAPT)에서 제시한 절차를 사용하여 기후 및 환경 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 창원시의 Local Climate Zone(LCZ)를 분류하였다. 또한, 동질적인 기후 특성을 가진 지역일지라도 일부 격자가 다른 기후 특성으로 분류되는 파편화 문제를 개선하기 위해 필터링 기법을 적용하고 필터링 반경에 따른 LCZ 분류 특성을 비교하였다. 위성영상과 지상참조자료, 감독분류 머신러닝 기법인 Random Forest를 활용하여 필터링하지 않은 분류지도와 필터링 반경이 1, 2, 3인 분류지도를 제작하여 정확도를 비교하였다. 또한, 도시지역의 건물 유형에 따른 LCZ 분류특성을 비교하기 위해 GIS를 활용한 분류방법론에서 사용되는 도시형태지수를 제작하여 선행 연구에서 제시한 범위와 비교하였다. 그 결과, 전체 정확도는 필터링 반경이 1일 때 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 도시형태지수를 비교하였을 때 LCZ 유형별 차이는 적었고 대부분 선행연구의 범위를 만족하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 연구 결과를 통해 건물의 높이 정보를 반영하지 못하는 한계를 확인하였고, 이를 보완할 수 있는 데이터를 추가하여 분류한다면 더 높은 정확도의 결과물을 획득할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 연구 결과는 국내 도시기후 관련 환경 연구분야의 기초 공간자료 제작하기 위한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1111-1124
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• 2017

This study aimed to understand the distribution of vegetation in the eastern and western sides of the Baekdudaegan (ridge) dividing the Odaesan National Park, as influenced by its topography and climate. The actual vegetation, topography and climate for each side were used in the overlay analysis. The results of the analysis of actual vegetation showed a high distribution rate of Quercus mongolica forest on both the eastern and western sides. On the eastern side, the distribution rate of Pinus densiflora forest and P. densiflora-Q. variabilis forest was high, while the western side had a high distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved tree forest and Abies hollophylla forest. A clear trend was identified for vegetation distribution with respect to elevation but not with respect to slope or aspect. The results of micro-landform analysis showed that the P. densiflora forests in the ridge and slope and the deciduous broad-leaved tree forest in the valley were respectively distributed with a high ratio. In terms of climate, the eastern side revealed an oceanic climate, with a relatively high average annual temperature, while the western side was characterized by relatively high average annual humidity and average annual precipitation. The distribution rate of P. densiflora forest was found to be high on the eastern side of the mountain range.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

Effect of freshwater discharge on the long-term salt balance in the Northern and Central Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is successfully simulated by a new analytical solution to a water balance-based one-dimensional salt conservation equation. Sensitivity tests show that the salinity levels drop abruptly even during the dry season (November to May) due to the high surface runoff discharge caused by tropical storms, depressions, and passage of cold fronts. Increasing surface runoff and direct precipitation has risen by ten times, lowering the salinity level down to 12psu in the Northern Central zone, and to 17 psu in the Northern zone. However, the salinity level in the Southern Central zone has decreased to 25 psu. High sensitivity of the Northern Central zone to freshwater discharge can be partially explained by a rapid urbanization in this zone. During the dry season, less sensitivity of the Southern Central zone to the increased surface runoff is attributed to the proximity of the zone to the Sebastian Inlet and a strong diffusion condition possibly resulting from the seawater intrusion to the surficial aquifer at the Vero Beach. During the wet season, however, the whole study area is highly sensitive to freshwater discharge due to the weak diffusion conditions. High sensitivity of the IRL to the given diffusion conditions guarantees that the fresh-water release occurs during strong wind conditions, achieving both flood control in the drainage basin and a proper salinity regime in the IRL.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1027-1038
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• 2022

The intertidal zone has both land and marine characteristics and shows complex weather environments. These characteristics are suited for studying climate change, energy balance and ecosystems, and may play an important role in coastal and marine weather prediction and analysis. This study was conducted at Odo Island, approximately 300m from the mainland in Yeosu. We built a weather observation system capable of real-time monitoring on the mud flat in the intertidal zone and measured actual weather and marine data. Weather observation was conducted from April to June 2022. The results showed changes in air temperature and water temperature with changes in the tide level during spring. Correlation analysis revealed characteristic changes in air temperature and water temperature during the day and night, and with inundation and exposure.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2011

에 분포하는 기후변화 취약식물종인 목본식물 20종, 초본식물 18종 총 38종을 대상으로 2009년 5월부터 2010년 11월까지 식물계절 변화 모니터링을 실시하였다. 조사식물은 개엽, 개화, 낙화, 단풍, 낙엽 등 5개의 특성으로 구분하여 기후변화에 따른 아고산지대내 기후변화 취약종의 식물계절 변화를 분석하였다. 기상 자료는 2009년 11월 말부터 2010년 12월 초까지 측정되었으며 조사 결과, 기온은 향적봉-중봉 지역에서 최대가 $30.4^{\circ}C$, 최소가 $-20.3^{\circ}C$로 조사되었으며, 상대습도는 최고 100%, 최소 3.4%로 조사되었다. 덕유산 향적봉과 중봉지역의 개엽시기를 조사한 결과 박새, 산오풀 등을 제외한 대부분의 종들은 비슷하거나 전년도에 비해 6~20일 정도 늦게 나타났다. 개화시기는 식물계절 변화 중 가장 큰 차이를 보였으며, 이른 봄에 개화하는 처녀치마, 산철쭉, 노랑제비꽃은 2차년도에 13일~20일 빠른 것으로 관찰되었으며, 늦은 봄과 여름에 개화하는 백당나무, 풀솜대, 개시호 등은 2차년도에 6일~10일 늦은 것으로 나타났다. 낙화시기와 단풍시기는 전년도에 비해 10일~18일 늦은 것으로 나타났고, 낙엽시기는 전년도와 유사한 경향성을 보였다. 본 연구결과 기후변화의 영향이 한반도 아고산지대에 분포하는 기후변화 취약종들에게 상당히 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular plants which can be an indicator of environmental change in Seseok of Jirisan National Park. The purpose of this study was to find out the basic information for the subalpine species. This study showed that the area had a total 295 taxa including 63 families, 177 genus, 252 species, 2 subspecies, 36 variants 5 forms and Pte-Q was 1.7. Among them, Korea endemic plants were 15 taxa such as Abies koreana. Rare plants were 14 taxa such as Viola diamantiaca. Naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa such as Rumex crispus. The floristic regional indicator plants found in surveyed area were 72 taxa comprising 3 taxa of grade V, 7 taxa of grade IV and 24 taxa of grade III. In summary, The subalpine plants of the survey region consisted of 37 taxa including Abies koreana and Gymnadenia cucullata. As rare plants distributed in subalpine zone respond sensitively to climate change, accuracy distribution range, environmental characteristics of habitat and population dynamics of rare plants should be evaluated quantitatively.