• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to construct a measurement instrument for climacteric symptoms among Korean and Japanese women. Methods. From Dec. $1^{st}$ of 2003 to March $30^{th}$ of 2004, in-depth interviews were made with 26 women (15 in Jinju, Korea and 11 in Nagasaki, Japan) aged from 45 to 59 years who had not taken hormone replacement therapy to relieve the climacteric symptoms. A draft questionnaire with 45 items was constructed on the basis of the interview data and literature review. Three obstetricians, three PhDs in nursing science, and a chief nurse who was exclusively in charge of the climacteric management, examined the draft questionnaire to evaluate content validity. After deletions 39 items remained for a preliminary questionnaire. A survey was conducted by using a convenient sampling method in Jinju of Korea and Nagasaki of Japan during the period from April $1^{st}$, 2004 to July $10^{th}$, 2005. Results. Factor analysis identified 4 factors, which were 'mental and psychological symptoms', 'physical symptoms', 'loss of autonomic nervous system symptoms', 'sexual symptoms'. These four factors explained 46.9% of total variance. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that climacteric symptom scale was multidimensional, and the reliability and validity of the scale was supported.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.957-969
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• 1998

This study was designed to describe the management of menopause of the climacteric-women. The subjects of this study were 95 climacteric-women in Taejon city. The instrument used for this study was Management of Menopause Scale developed by Song(1997). The data were collected from December 1997 to June 1998. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS(PC+) program. The information was obtained by use of Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA. The results were as Follows; 1. Among the categories of management of menopause, dietary management($3.74{\pm}1.25$) was the highest and management of exercise and activity ($3.35{\pm}0.93$), self contorl($3.13{\pm}1.21$), management of professional health maintenance($2.75{\pm}1.32$), management of sex life($2.11{\pm}1.92$) were in order. 2. On considering the relationship between the climacteric-women's management of menopause and their general characteristics, age(r=-0.38, P=0.00) and educational background(F=4.8247, P=0.00) were statistically significant.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback on perceived stress, stress response, immune response and climacteric symptoms, Method: This was a crossover, pre-post test design, The study subjects are 36 middle-aged women who were selected at 2 public health centers, The independent variable was Biofeedback training for 4 weeks, twice a week and home training for 4 weeks, Dependent variables were perceived stress, stress response, immune response, and climacteric symptoms measured with Hildtch's scale (1996), Result: Progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective in reducing perceived stress, but it was shown to be effective in reducing physiological stress responses such as pulse rate and EMG, Though blood pressure and skin conductance were repeatedly down, and skin temperature slowly increased, there were no statistically significant differences. Progressive muscle relaxation training using biofeedback was not effective in reducing serum cortisol, enhancing immune responses, or decreasing climacteric symptoms. Conclusion: The findings point to a pressing need for further, well-controlled and designed research with consideration in selection of subjects and instruments, frequency of measurements, the sampling method, and intervention modalities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavones are expected to improve menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis in women. However, their efficacy is still inconclusive, and there was limited data for postmenopausal women in South Korea. We examined the effects of soy isoflavones on climacteric symptoms, bone biomarkers, and quality of life in Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study design was used. Eighty-seven participants who had undergone natural menopause were randomly administered either 70 mg/day isoflavones (n = 43) or placebo (n = 41) for 12 weeks. We assessed the Kupperman index for climacteric symptoms and the menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire for quality of the life. Biomarkers of bone metabolism were also measured in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), N- and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type Ι collagen (NTx, CTx), and urine-deoxypyridinolin (u-DPD). RESULTS: Scores of the Kupperman index were decreased in both the isoflavones group ($-7.0{\pm}15.8$, P = 0.0074) and placebo group ($-6.3{\pm}14.6$, P = 0.0064) during the intervention, but no significant difference was noted between the groups. Regarding the bone formation markers, the level of serum BALP increased by $6.3{\pm}4.1%$ (P = 0.004) and OC increased by $9.3{\pm}6.2%$ (P < 0.001), meanwhile those of the placebo were not changed. For the bone resorption markers, NTx, CTx, and u-DPD were not significantly different in either group. MENQOL was significant decreased in the isoflavone group ($-0.6{\pm}0.5$) and placebo group ($-0.6{\pm}0.4$), with a significant difference between groups (P = 0.0228). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that 70 mg isoflavones supplement has beneficial effects on bone formation markers; however, it showed no benefit compared to the placebo on climacteric symptoms or quality of life.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to observe the correlation between Hot flush and pulse wave velocity(PWV), ankle brachial index(ABI) in the Climacteric women. Methods: We studied 63 climacteric women visiting OO hospital from 8th January 2007 to 22nd April 2009. The subjects were categorized in two groups, the hot flush group(37) and normal group(26). For the study, the subjects were selected by excluding the patients who receive treatment affect hot flush or have disease affect arterial states. We assessed PWV and ABI of two groups by Oscillometric method using VS-1000(Form PWV/ABI; Fukuda Denshi, Co., Ltd., Japan). From these results, we studied the correlation between hot flush and PWV/ABI by Wilcoxon Mann Whitney Test. Results: 1. It is shown that hot flush group was no significant correlation with normal group. There is no significant factor among R-PWV, L-PWV, R-ABI, L-ABI. However, L-ABI have shown relatively higher correlation with comparison to the other factors.(p-value<0.05) 2. R-PWV, L-PWV significantly increased in menopause group than in premenopause group though there is no relation to the hot flush. (p-value<0.01) Conclusion: Though the results showed no correlations between Hot flush and PWV/ABI in the Climacteric women, L-ABI showed relatively higher correlation with hot flush than others. R-PWV, L-PWV showed significant correlation between premenopause and menopause.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.606-618
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing a nursing intervention for climacteric women by describing a health promoting lifestyle. Also this study identified the relationship between self-efficacy and family function which are factors affecting the health promoting behaviors. The subjects of this study were 143 women from 40 to 59 years of age. The data was analyzed using SPSS program for t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The average score of performance in the health promoting lifestyle was 2.82. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary environment and reconciliatory relationship(3.31), whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance(2.27). The average score of self-efficacy was 71.44, family function was 68.50, and menopausal symptoms was 60.30. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in performance in health promoting lifestyle according to satisfaction of marital life. Also there was a significant difference between self-efficacy, religion, and family function. 3. Performance in the health promoting lifestyle was positively related to self-efficacy, and family function and negatively related to menopausal symptoms. Self-efficacy was positively related to family function. In conclusion, performance in health promoting lifestyle was related to self-efficacy, family function and menopausal symptoms. These factors were affected by religion, family type, and satisfaction of marital life. Therefore, health promoting programs to increase climacteric women's health should be a planed program based on results of this study.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the casual relationship between the factors in the Pender's model and to explain health promoting behaviors among middle-aged women in order to facilitate nursing interventions for this population group. Method: 116 women between 40$\~$60 years old living in Incheon were asked to complete a questionnaire about their health. The data was collected between March and November, 2003. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the correctional analysis SPSSWIN 11.5 program. The LISREL 8.12 program was used to find the best fit model which explained a causal relationship of the variables. Results: The climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women negatively correlated with health promoting behaviors. However, marital satisfaction positively correlated with health promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Marital satisfaction and climacteric symptoms had an effect on health promoting behaviors. Therefore, based on this study, we plan to develop a health education program to decrease climacteric symptoms and to promote marital satisfaction for health promotion.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

Purpose: To investigate the change of the climacteric syndrome with women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy compared with women with natural menopause. Methods: Menopausal women(aged 45-55) were selected at two oriental medicine hospitals, Sam-se Oriental Medicine Hospital and Daegu Hannny Oriental Medicine Hospital. They were asked about Kupperman's Index, MENQOL and a few additional questions. They were divided into two groups: women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy and women with natural menopause. To analyse the Kupperman's index and MENQOL, SPSS for Windows 12.0 and Wilcoxon Ranked Sum Test were used. Results: The total sums of Kupperman's index and MENQOL were significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause and women with induced menopause had higher total sums. Both the renal and urinary tract disorder and the sexual disorder were significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause. The gastrointestinal and psychosocial disorder of Kupperman's index and MENQOL were not significantly correlated with women with induced menopause and women with natural menopause. Conclusions: Women with induced menopause by hysterectomy or ovariectomy experienced climacteric syndrome more severely compared with women with natural menopause, specifically the renal and urinary tract disorder and sexual disorder.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.20-24
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• 1990

The climacteric is that phase in the aging process during which a woman passes from the reproductive to the non-reproductive stage. The signals, such as hot flashes, vaso-motoric disturbances, perspiration, stiff shoulders, emotional symptoms, are refereed to as climacteric disturbances. Treatment of climacteric symptoms centers on estrogen replacement and transquilizers, but there are many problems to be solved to use these hormones/drugs as far as dosage, duration and complications are concerned. The care of women during the climacteric years should provide relief of distressing symptoms with as high a degree of safety as possible. From this viewpoint, we used red ginseng powder to those patients with high menopausal index successfully. We studied its mechanism of action and proved that red ginseng improved the micro-circulation system via improvement of erythrocyte deferability which enhanced sex steroidgenesis consequently

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.262-275
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• 2000

This study was done to describe the health promoting behavior and the quality of life among climacteric women and to identify the factors affecting the performance in health promoting behavior and the level of quality of life among climacteric women. The subjects of this study were 171 women(40 to 60 years old). The sample data were collected using a convenient sampling method, collected from August 10th to September 20th, 2000. The instruments for this study were the health promoting behavior scale(Park, 1995), the quality of life scale(No, 1988). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with SPSS program were used to analyze the data. The results of the study were as follows; 1) The average score of the performance in the health-promoting behavior variables was 2.594. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary environment, whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance. 2) The average score of the level in the quality of life variables was 3.069. The variable with the highest degree was the relationship with neighbor, whereas the one with lowest degree was the economic life factor. 3) Performance in the health- promoting behavior was positively related to the level in the quality of life(r=0.54, P=0.001). 4) A significant difference was demonstrated between educational level, income, perceived health status and health-promoting behavior. 5) A significant difference was demonstrated between perceived health status and quality of life.