• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2008

This paper suggests the best work conditions, including short break time and number of mouse clicks on a computer, to prevent MSDs(Musculoskeletal Disorders) on VDT(Visual Display Terminal) work. Discomfort measures are calculated according to the Borg's CR-10 Scale. The short break time conditions are grouped into 7, 15, and 30 seconds after every 10-minute work period and the number of mouse clicks are divided into 10 clicks/min, 20clicks/min, and 30clicks/min. The result of the ANOVA on the shift value of subjective discomfort shows the following: 1) Regarding the break time and the number of mouse clicks, there are statistical differences between the measured values for the neck and the wrist(p<0.05). 2) Regarding the number of mouse clicks, there are statistical differences between the measured values for the shoulder and the forearm(p<0.1). 3) Regarding the break time and the number of mouse clicks, there are no statistical differences between the measures values for the eyes, upper arms and back(p<0.1).

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

This paper suggested the best work conditions including short break time and the number of mouse clicks on the computer work for the prevention of MSDs on VDT work. Fatigue measures included EMG based parameters. The short break time conditions are grouped into 7, 15, and 30 seconds after every work for 10 min and the number of mouse clicks are divided into 10, 20, and 30 clicks/min. The result of the ANOVA of the shift value of %MVC(Maximum Voluntary Contraction) showed the following: 1) There was a considerable difference as regards to the break time except the number of mouse clicks on the upper trapezius muscle(p$<$0.05). The best conditions were shown in 15 sec after every 10 min and 30 clicks/min. 2) There were considerable differences as regards to the number of mouse clicks except the break time on the extensor digitorum muscle and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle(p$<$0.05). The best conditions were shown in 7 sec after every 10min and 10 clicks/min.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.165-186
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• 2007

With the advent of a wide variety of Internet shopping malls, consumers can choose a best appealing shopping mall from among the Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Player malls. Pure-Players launched their operation grandiosely with the early stage of Internet use in 1995. However, after the burst of Dot-com company bubbles in 1997, Pure-Players introduce various types of business models to meet potential needs of consumers. While Pure-Players suffer skeptical views from market analysts as well as consumers, traditional offline companies learned important lessons from Dot-com companies collapse phenomena, and expanded their business channels into online in the name of Bricks-and-Clicks. Nowadays, Bricks-and-Clicks successfully establish in the market as one of reliable business partners among consumers. Therefore, it is no surprise that recent competitions between Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players become fiercer than ever to attract potential customers to their websites. In this situation, consumers can choose a shopping mall to their best satisfaction. Consumers can enjoy both offline and online options for shopping because Bricks-and Clicks provide both offline and online channels to consumers, which is compared with Pure-Players offering only online channel. Offline channel is unique in providing consumers with chances to touch and feel target products and services. Meanwhile, online channel is considered very viable and convenient shopping options for consumers. In this respect, it is easily assumed that consumers will show different online shopping behavior when they have to choose either Bricks-and-Clicks mall or Pure-Player mall for the sake of shopping. Remaining research issue in this case is how much consumers' schema would influence online shopping behavior between Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. Basically, schema is a framework for synthetic information recognition that individual consumers have and is very characteristic in that it focuses not on fragmentary facts but on the combination of various causes affecting results. Consumers' schema is closely represented by trust, structural assurance, and perceived relative advantage towards a specific type of shopping mall. In literature, there exist a lot of studies comparing Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. However, there is no study to pursue the analysis of consumer behaviors comparing Bricks-and Clicks and Pure-Players from the schema perspective. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this research gap. Empirical analysis is adopted by garnering valid questionnaires from 514 Internet shopping mall users. 237 were mainly using Bricks-and-Clicks for shopping, while 277 were found to visit Pure-Players for shopping. PLS was applied to analyze the survey data to verify the proposed research hypotheses. Findings from the empirical test results are as follows. First, consumers perceive more trust and relative advantage in Pure-Players, comparing with Bricks-and-Clicks. This result is against widely-accepted perception that Bricks-and-Clicks would be perceived by consumers as more trustworthy and relatively advantageous because they have offline reputation and stores. Therefore, it becomes more obvious that Internet is becoming daily necessaries, and consumers increasingly feel very comfortable in using the Internet for their own personal purposes. Second, consumers have firm faith in transaction safety, regardless Bricks-and-Clicks and Pure-Players. This seems due to the fact that most of shopping malls showing dubious transaction safety have no place in the market. In a nutshell, empirical results tell us that Pure-Players will grow very much in the future, to the extent that consumers perceive no difference in comparison with Bricks-and-Clicks. Besides, consumers' schema accumulated through trust and perceived relative advantage plays crucial role in determining consumer behavior.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 International Conference
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• pp.365-371
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• 2007

인터넷 쇼핑 시장의 확산과 함께 소비자들은 이전보다 더욱 다양한 형태의 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 접할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서, 소비자들은 다양한 쇼핑몰의 선택의 기로에 서게 된 반면, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 업체의 입장에서는 고객의 유지가 매우 중요하다. 특히, 오프라인 기반을 갖춘 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 경우에는 오프라인 고객을 온라인상에서도 그대로 유지하길 바랄 것이다. 그러나, 실제로는 많은 고객들이 오프라인 쇼핑몰과 온라인 쇼핑몰을 동일하게 이용하는 Brick & Clicks 쇼핑몰을 선택보다는 인터넷 상의 순수한 Pure-play 쇼핑몰을 선택하기도 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소비자가 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰이나 Pure-play 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 선택하는 행동에 대해 스키마 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷 쇼핑몰에 대한 스키마 형성에 신뢰, 구조적 확신, 관계혜택이 영향을 준다고 보고, 총 514여명의 인터넷 쇼핑몰 사용자를 대상으로 실증분석을 하고 결과를 도출하였다. 분석결과 Pure-play 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 고객에게 더 높은 평가를 받는 것으로 나타나 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 특화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2021

인간에 의한 연안 지역 개발 및 변형의 가속화로 인해 해양포유류에 대한 피해가 우려되고 있다. 연안 개발이 해양포유류에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 이해하려면 이들의 분포를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 서남해 해상풍력 실증단지에서 수동 음향 관측을 통해 상괭이의 출현을 확인하였다. 실험지역에서의 상괭이에 대한 목시관측 결과가 없으므로, 풍력단지에서 탐지된 클릭은 상괭이 발견율이 높은 지역에서 측정한 클릭과 음향특성을 비교하여 검증하였다. 음향 측정 결과에 의하면 상괭이는 매일 출몰하였으며, 평균 클릭수는 40.7회, 상괭이의 출현 비율은 9.7 %, 출현 시간은 18.2 min이며, 대기 시간은 94.9 min으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 서남해 해상풍력 실증단지에서 알려지지 않은 상괭이 출현에 대한 정보를 제공하였으며, 이러한 결과는 풍력단지 운영으로 인한 해양포유류의 영향을 모니터링하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2004

As the dot-com companies realize the importance of the traditional business operations such as product distribution and sourcing, the task of balancing business strategy and operations between electronic commerce and"bricks St mortar"channels is an ongoing challenge. However, there are no generic recipes for formulating business strategy that optimally bridges the physical and virtual operations. In order to provide some guidelines, this study examines the big 3 retailers in Korea, and their"clicks ＆ mortar"strategy, assessing how the activities of each channel are integrated to achieve the synergy effect. This study analyzes the differences in the pattern of integration among the three retailers and traces the causes of those differences. It also figures out the relationship between the degree of integration and performance variables such as growth and cost. Finally. it defines the essential constraints on the process of integration along with managerial implications.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2002

The tilde use of Information Technology (IT), especially the rapid diffusion of the internet, brings us a new paradigm, called "Electronic Commerce," or "Digital Economy." The paradigm is regarded as a business strategy essential to organizations′competitive advantages. Because few studies have been shown in the area of e-strategies, especially in the combined strategies of clicks and mortars, a study of this area is required. The main questions of this study are empirically to validate the usefulness and applicability of a decision roadmap and to analyze the situation of Korean firms in the view of the decision roadmap. Major results of this study are as follows : First, there is an evidence that the roadmap can be applied to Korean firms regardless of their industry and size. Second, the usefulness of the roadmap is proved because companies following the directions of the roadmap show high degree of satisfaction with online sales. Third, Korean companies in general do not achieve an Ideal Integration (or separation), especially In terms of management and operation. In conclusion, this study provides an e-business strategy Planner some guidelines about how to achieve right mix of on-line and off-line business.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2019

남방큰돌고래(Tursiops aduncus)는 클릭음을 사용하는 이빨고래로써 국외에서 지속적인 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 남방큰돌고래의 클릭음에 대한 연구는 대부분 사육중인 개체에 대해 이루어졌으며 국내에서는 휘슬음에 관한 연구만 수행되었다. 본 논문에서는 제주 연안에 서식하는 야생개체의 남방큰돌고래 클릭음에 대한 음향특성을 분석하였다. 음향특성을 분석하기 위해 음향 파라미터인 신호 길이, 첫 번째 피크 주파수, 두 번째 피크 주파수, 3 dB 대역폭 및 10 dB 대역폭을 산출하였으며 호주 서식 종의 클릭음 음향특성과 비교하였다. 결과적으로, 신호 길이는 평균 $38{\mu}s$를 나타냈고 대부분의 클릭음이 $20{\mu}s-60{\mu}s$ 범위 내에 속하였다. 2종류의 대역폭의 경우 협대역과 광대역의 주파수 특성 모두 나타냈으며, 첫 번째 피크 주파수(평균 $96kHz{\pm}18kHz$)와 두 번째 피크 주파수(평균 $69kHz{\pm}19kHz$)를 통해 바이모달 신호 특성을 확인하였다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2016

Optimizing the number of ad clicks is a large-scale learning problem that is central to the multi-billion-dollar mobile advertising industry. There are currently several optimization methods being used, including ad mediation and ad positioning. Recently, researchers have recommended using ad refresh interval as a new method for optimizing mobile advertising. This paper applies that new method to optimize content duration for mobile ads. The result achieved from this optimization study could further increase revenue for mobile advertisers and publishers. This research has high applicability for the growing mobile advertising industry. It also lays out a solid background for future research in this promising area.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2002

In this paper, we study the competition between two kinds of suppliers, a bricks and mortars(B&M) and a clicks and mortars(C&M). Using the circular spatial market model, we derive and analyze the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of offline market share and efficiency of online channel of the C&M supplier. The result can be summarized as follows: (1) Stackelberg equilibrium is always superior to the Nash equilibrium, (2) Under certain conditions, the price of online channel can be higher than that of offline channel, (3) It is impossible for the C&M supplier to encroach on all of the B&M supplier's market, (4) In some cases, the C&M supplier has incentive to lower the efficiency of its online channel for more profit.