• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.717-730
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• 2019

The era of digital transformation (or the fourth industrial revolution) has been triggered by the rapid development of software (SW) technologies. In this era, several studies suspected rapid changes in job structures occurring around the world. Thus, there is a growing need for acquiring the skill sets required for the future. However, there are no specific studies on how existing jobs are changing. To cope with this ambiguity of job changes, this paper aims to investigate how the current job structure is changing in response to digital transformation. To identify the dynamic nature of job change over time, we conducted an analysis based on job posting data. As a result, nine job occupations and fifteen jobs were found.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2020

Background: Nursing service is a nonroutine work with an excessive physical load and diverse tasks. This study derived representative common tasks based on the frequently occurring tasks with a high physical load in the nursing workers' daily work and developed indicators to evaluate the work risk by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work. Methods: Common tasks were classified through the following stages: literature review, first focus group interview (FGI) with experts, first classification of common tasks, second FGI with hospital health managers, a survey of nursing service workers, and the final classification of common tasks for each task type. To develop an objective risk index for physical load assessment, we investigated the frequency and duration of the derived common tasks via survey. Results: Nursing common tasks were categorized into six task types and 56 subtasks. To evaluate the risks of various tasks in nonroutine works, three frequencies and three working time levels were defined by examining the task frequency and working hours. Exposure time was defined to reflect the characteristics of a nonroutine job. The final risk assessment was the product of the exposure time level and job intensity level. From this, four risk action levels were derived. Conclusion: This study has the advantage of solving the problem of focusing on some tasks in evaluating the physical load. It was meaningful in that a new risk assessment index based on exposure time was proposed based on the development of an evaluation scale for frequency and time by reflecting the characteristics of nonroutine work.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2021

임상병리사 명칭 변경과 관련한 의견을 수렴하기 위해 사단법인 대한임상병리사협회에서는 정회원으로 등록된 총 22,638명에게 온라인을 통해 제시된 명칭에서 2개를 선택하는 설문 답변을 요구하였으며 이 중 3,999명(17.66%)이 설문조사에 회신답변하였다. 명칭 선호도는 회원 1인당 2개를 선택하는 답변을 통해서 6,958건이 산출되었으며 그 중 5,555건(79.83%)가 '분석사' 레벨을 선호하였다. 명칭에 대한 조사결과는 진단검사분석사가 2,417건(34.73%)으로 가장 많았고, 임상검사분석사는 1,710건(24.57%), 의생명병리사는 758건(10.89%), 의생명분석사는 730건(10.49%), 의생명검사분석사는 730건(10.03%), 임상검사과학사는 646건(9.26%) 순으로 조사되었다. 따라서 조사된 회원들의 요구도, 자문, 문헌고찰, 표준직업분류, 주요대상국 현황을 기반으로 "진단검사분석사(Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst), 의생명검사분석사(Biomedical Laboratory Analyst), 의생명분석사(Biomedical Analyst)"를 명칭 정립으로 제언하고자 한다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.97-128
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• 1997

이 논문의 목적은 급속한 경제발전과 산업화 초기단계의 한국사회에서 경력내 직업이동구조가 어떻게 구축되었는가를 밝히는 데에 있다. 생애사 자료에 나타난 직업이동의 개인사들을 분석함으로써 이 논문은 산업화 초기단계인 1954년에서 1983년까지 30년 동안의 성인 남녀의 경력내 연간 직업이동들을 모형화하였다. 상위 비육체노동직업, 하위 비육체노동직업, 자영업, 육체노동직업, 농업의 5개 직업범주를 통하여 연원 이동표상에 나타난 이동형태는 비이동성에 의해 일차적으로 특징지워진다. 그러나 이동의 절대량으로 볼 때 비이동성의 정도는 각 직업군에서 달리 나타나, 요약하면 U자형이라고 볼 수 있다. 전체적으로 연간이동의 형태는 직업간의 거리라는 개념으로 가장 잘 설명될 수 있다. 직업이동의 상대적 형태를 연구하기 위해서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 대수선형모형의 문제점들을 지적하고 비판하면서 필자는 개념적,이론적 작업과 모형추정의 방법론적 작업을 결합시키는 형태의 대수선형모형을 주장하였다. 이러한 모형은 1) 세대간 이동과 세대내(경력간)이동의 구별을 가능하게 하며, 2) 불평등구조 관점, 노동시장적 관점, 생애사적 관점을 동시에 반영할 수 있는 것이어야 한다. 이동표의 분석에서 출발직업과 도달직업의 상대적 규모 외에 크게 6가지의 개념적으로 구별되는 설명요인들(지속성, 천정, 전통부문, 비육체노동, 대안적 이동경로, 직업간 거리)에 바탕을 둔 모형을 통하여 경력이동의 형태를 분석하였다. 우리사회에서 세대내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 지속성 요인과 천정효과에 의해 좌우되는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 세대간 이동의 연구결과와는 달리, 우리사회에서 세대내 (경력내) 직업이동에서는 자영업으로의 대안적 이동경로의 요인이 강하게 작용하고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 세대내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 다음과 같은 몇가지로 특징지울 수 있다. 첫째, 대각선상에서 일어나는 지속성 요인의 효과가 절대적이다. 지속성 요인의 효과는 서구 선진산업사회에서의 U자형과는 달리 역-J자형으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 비육체노동직업과 육체노동직업 및 농업간의 직업간 거리에 의한 부의 이동효과가 명백히 발견된다. 셋째 농업으로부터의 이동은 상대적으로 도달직업의 종류와 상관없이 일어나고 있다. 넷째, 비육체노동직업간의 이동은 상대적으로 매우 높고 쌍방향적이며, 다른 직업군에 대해 배타적이다. 다섯째, 유출과 유입의 양 측면에 있어 자영업은 매우 독특한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 여섯째, 우리사회에서 경력내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 대각선을 중심으로 비대칭적이다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 1987

이 논문의 목적은 급속한 경제발전과 산업화 초기단계의 한국사회에서 경력내 직업이동구조가 어떻게 구축되었는가를 밝히는 데에 있다. 생애사 자료에 나타난 직업이동의 개인사들을 분석함으로써 이 논문은 산업화 초기단계인 1954년에서 1983년까지 30년 동안의 성인 남녀의 경력내 연간 직업이동들을 모형화하였다. 상위 비육체노동직업, 하위 비육체노동직업, 자영업, 육체노동직업, 농업의 5개 직업범주를 통하여 연원 이동표상에 나타난 이동형태는 비이동성에 의해 일차적으로 특징지워진다. 그러나 이동의 절대량으로 볼 때 비이동성의 정도는 각 직업군에서 달리 나타나, 요약하면 U자형이라고 볼 수 있다. 전체적으로 연간이동의 형태는 직업간의 거리라는 개념으로 가장 잘 설명될 수 있다. 직업이동의 상대적 형태를 연구하기 위해서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 대수선형모형의 문제점들을 지적하고 비판하면서 필자는 개념적,이론적 작업과 모형추정의 방법론적 작업을 결합시키는 형태의 대수선형모형을 주장하였다. 이러한 모형은 1) 세대간 이동과 세대내(경력간)이동의 구별을 가능하게 하며, 2) 불평등구조 관점, 노동시장적 관점, 생애사적 관점을 동시에 반영할 수 있는 것이어야 한다. 이동표의 분석에서 출발직업과 도달직업의 상대적 규모 외에 크게 6가지의 개념적으로 구별되는 설명요인들(지속성, 천정, 전통부문, 비육체노동, 대안적 이동경로, 직업간 거리)에 바탕을 둔 모형을 통하여 경력이동의 형태를 분석하였다. 우리사회에서 세대내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 지속성 요인과 천정효과에 의해 좌우되는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 세대간 이동의 연구결과와는 달리, 우리사회에서 세대내 (경력내) 직업이동에서는 자영업으로의 대안적 이동경로의 요인이 강하게 작용하고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 세대내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 다음과 같은 몇가지로 특징지울 수 있다. 첫째, 대각선상에서 일어나는 지속성 요인의 효과가 절대적이다. 지속성 요인의 효과는 서구 선진산업사회에서의 U자형과는 달리 역-J자형으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 비육체노동직업과 육체노동직업 및 농업간의 직업간 거리에 의한 부의 이동효과가 명백히 발견된다. 셋째 농업으로부터의 이동은 상대적으로 도달직업의 종류와 상관없이 일어나고 있다. 넷째, 비육체노동직업간의 이동은 상대적으로 매우 높고 쌍방향적이며, 다른 직업군에 대해 배타적이다. 다섯째, 유출과 유입의 양 측면에 있어 자영업은 매우 독특한 기능을 수행하고 있다. 여섯째, 우리사회에서 경력내 직업이동의 상대적 형태는 대각선을 중심으로 비대칭적이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.773-783
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify foot shapes of Korean male farmers by classifying their foot types using 3D scan data and analyzing the characteristics of each type. Background: The increasing demands for anthropometric information for the design of machinery and personal protective equipment to prevent occupational injuries has necessitated an understanding of the anthropometric differences to be found among occupations. Static stooped posture and squatting posture are so common in Korean farmers that anthropometric deformation in foot especially seems to occur easily. Method: 366 Korean male farmers volunteered for this study from 16 different farming villages nationwide from 2009 to 2011. Subjects were categorized into 4 age groups from 40s to 70s. Their right feet were measured by using 3D foot scanner, the anthropometric dimensions were composed of 40 items. Results: The 8 major factors affecting the foot shapes were extracted. From these factors the foot shape of Korean male farmers was classified into 3 Foot types. Foot type 1 showed severe deformation in toe 1, type 2 had a narrow shape and type 3 had a wider width for its length. Conclusion: There were some differences in foot shape and types between farmers and the public. The most characteristic foot type in Korean male farmers was type 3. Application: The results of identifying foot shapes of Korean male farmers might provide the useful information for designing ergonomic farm work shoes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.14-37
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• 2014

Objectives: Since information on biological factors in the workplace are currently lacking, I wanted to create a handbook of these factors that would be viewable at a glance as a means to more effectively prevent occupationally-infected diseases. Proper information on biological hazards in the workplace allowing the appropriate recognition of the harmful factors is desperately needed. Methods and Results: In this study, I intended to create a high-utility handbook of biologically hazardous agents in the workplace. To ensure its effectiveness, information and references about biologically hazardous agents in the workplace were analyzed and classified and pathogen safety data sheets(PSDS) sourced from the Public Health Agency of Canada were included. I intended to make it accessible from the point of view of workers and their employers. A more effective classification system of occupational infectious diseases is presented, and biologically hazardous agents were classified according to occupations, industries, infectious diseases, and so on. The handbook consists of 60 major kinds of biologically infectious occupational factors that are expected to be generated in workplaces in Korea, and are focused on practical utility. The pathogen safety data sheets(PSDS) of 192 species were also included. To allow more effective management, domestic and foreign laws and regulations are presented. Conclusions: This case report presents general information on the history and contents of the handbook and PSDS, it will also be useful in workplaces if download from the homepage of OSHRI, KOSHA(oshri.kosha.or.kr/bridge?menuID=901).

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2020

The National Competency Standards(NCS) has been developed a good curriculum to reflect the demand in the industry. NCS is defined as systemizing the knowledge, skill, and attitude required to perform a task in the industry. It is an effort to reduce the gap between educational requirements and occupational requirements. However, when NCS is applied, the task level is changed to the title of qualification according to the policy outcomes for the government project. And, the NCS has been emphasizing the purpose of license acquisition, rather than using the standard for tasks in the industry. It means that the misuse of NSC hinders utilizing it as the original purpose of standardizing a task. It requires the customer to study the required competency unit with a no-choice option. Moreover, it makes it hard for companies or industry autonomically run the NCS. Therefore, we define the operational range in terms of the education field, the qualification field, and the career field to diffuse and apply NCS, and suggest the effective utilization method.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2023

Background: We conducted a case-control study to identify high-risk occupations and exposure to occupational hazards for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: When patients with AML admitted to the Department of Hematology in the study hospital for the first time are referred to the Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, data on occupation are collected by investigators to evaluate work-relatedness. Community-based controls were recruited through an online survey agency, and four controls per case were matched. Occupational information was estimated using structured questionnaires covering 27 specific occupations and 32 exposure agents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed by pairing cases and controls. Results: In the analysis of the risk of AML according to occupational classification, a significant association was found in paint manufacturing or painting work (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.03-4.81) and aircrew (OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 1.00-35.91) in males, and in pesticide industry (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 1.69-28.07) and cokes and steel industry (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18-22.06) in ≥60 years old. Moreover, the risk of AML increased significantly as the cumulative exposure to thinners increased. In the analyses stratified by sex and age, the association between pesticide exposure and AML was significant in males (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.10-9.77) and in ≥60 years old (OR = 6.22, 95% CI: 1.48-26.08). Conclusion: This case-control study identified high-risk occupational groups in the Republic of Korea including paint manufacturers and painters, aircrew, and those who are occupationally exposed to pesticides or paint thinners.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

This study aimed to offer some basic data for nutrition education to housewives by comparing behaviors of eating out targeted on housewives who live in Daejon surveyed by classification of regions and by family forms. As for their ages, 79 housewives (16.0%) are less than 30, 179 housewives (36.8%) are between 30 and 39, 156 housewives (35.9%) are between 40 and 49 and 74 housewives (15.2%) are more than 50, and as for their final academic careers, 204 housewives (41.9%) graduated from universities, which was the most and as for religions, 172 housewives (35.3%) had no religion, which was the most, and in the case that they had religions, 137 housewives (27.5%) believed in Christianity. And as for occupations, 327 housewives (69.0%) had no job, and in case they had jobs, 123 housewives (25.3%) that occupied the most were professional. As for husbands’ occupations, profession was the most for 143 housewives (29.4%) and as for monthly income, $2\; million\;won{\sim}3\;million$ won was most as 40.0%. As for times of eating out, ‘4 times a year’ was said by 131 housewives (26.9%), which was the most, and as for the times of food home service, ‘seldom’ was said by 221 housewives (45.4%), and as to the expense for eating out a month, ‘less than 100,000 won’ was said by 219 housewives (45.0%), which was the most, and as for the reasons of their eating out, ‘for harmony in a family’ was said by 119 housewives (24.4%). As for times of eating out by general items of housewives, it was appeared that the younger, the higher in education, less in religion, more in occupation, the more professional in their husbands’ jobs, the more nuclear in family forms, fewer in number of family members and the more average family income per a month, they had more times of eating out. Regarding the factors influencing on eating out, ‘high price’, ‘nutritive imbalance’ and ‘use of MSG’ were pointed by 204 housewives (41.9%), 83 housewives (17.0%) and 63 housewives (12.9%) respectively as the problems of food service shops. And as for the question why their went to their regular restaurants, 185 housewives (38.0%) said ‘taste of food’, and the most considerable thing when they selected menu at a restaurant was ‘taste of food’ for 167 housewives (34.3%). The survey showed that a lot of housewives thought the prices at restaurants were high, and they valued taste of food most, therefore food service shops should improve the taste and nutrition of food.