• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper serves to explore current trends of systems biology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and examine how it may influence the Traditional Korean medicine. Methods : Literature review method was collectively used to classify Introduction to systems biology, diagnosis and syndrome classification of systems biology in TCM perspective, physiotherapy including acupuncture, herbs and formula functions, TCM systems biology, and directions of academic development. Results : The term 'Systems biology' is coined as a combination of systems science and biology. It is a field of study that tries to understand living organism by establishing a theory based on an ideal model that analyzes and predicts the desired output with understanding of interrelationships and dynamics between variables. Systems biology has an integrated and multi-dimensional nature that observes the interaction among the elements constructing the network. The current state of systems biology in TCM is categorized into 4 parts: diagnosis and syndrome, physical therapy, herbs and formulas and academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology. Diagnosis and syndrome field is focusing on developing TCM into personalized medicine by clarifying Kidney yin deficiency patterns and metabolic differences among five patterns of diabetes and analyzing plasma metabolism and biomarkers of coronary heart disease patients. In the field of physical therapy such as acupuncture and moxibustion, researchers discovered the effect of stimulating acupoint ST40 on gene expression and the effects of acupuncture on treating functional dyspepsia and acute ischemic stroke. Herbs and formulas were analyzed with TCM network pharmacology. The therapeutic mechanisms of Si Wu Tang and its series formulas are explained by identifying potential active substances, targets and mechanism of action, including metabolic pathways of amino acid and fatty acid. For the academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology, it is necessary to integrate massive database, integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as systems biology. It is also essential to establish a platform to maximize herbal treatment through accumulation of research data and diseases-specific, or drug-specific network combined with clinical experiences, and identify functions and roles of molecules in herbs and conduct animal-based studies within TCM frame. So far, few literature reviews exist for systems biology in traditional Korean medicine and they merely re-examine known efficacies of simple substances, herbs and formulas. For the future, it is necessary to identify specific mechanisms of working agents and targets to maximize the effects of traditional medicine modalities. Conclusions : Systems biology is widely accepted and studied in TCM and already advanced into a field known as 'TCM systems biology', which calls for the study of incorporating TCM and systems biology. It is time for traditional Korean medicine to acknowledge the importance of systems biology and present scientific basis of traditional medicine and establish the principles of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. By doing so, traditional Korean medicine would be innovated and further developed into a personalized medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.340-345
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether or not the method of right vertical axillary minithoracotomy (RVAM) is preferable to and as reliable as conventional sternotomy surgery, and also assesses its cosmetic results. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 males, 26 females) with atrial septal defect were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Cukurova University from December 2005 until January 2010. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 22. Patients who underwent vertical axillary minithracotomy were assigned to group I, and those undergoing conventional sternotomy, to group II. Group I and group II were compared with regard to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Group I included 12 females and 4 males with an average age of $16.5{\pm}9.7$. Group II comprised 14 female and 3 male patients with an average age of $18.5{\pm}9.8$ showing similar features and pathologies. The cases were in Class I-II according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and patients with other cardiac and systemic problems were not included in the study. The ratio of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was $1.8{\pm}0.2$. The average pulmonary artery pressure was $35{\pm}10$ mmHg. Following the diagnosis, performing elective surgery was planned. Results: No significant difference was detected in the average time of the patients' extraportal circulation, cross-clamp and surgery (p>0.05). In the early postoperative period of the cases, the duration of mechanical ventilator support, the drainage volume in the first 24 hours, and the hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were similar (p>0.05). Postoperative pains were evaluated together with narcotic analgesics taken intravenously or orally. While 7 cases (43.7%) in group I needed postoperative analgesics, 12 cases (70.6%) in group II needed them. No mortality or major morbidity has occurred in the patients. The incision style and sizes in all of the patients undergoing RVAM were preserved as they were at the beginning. Furthermore, the patients of group I were mobilized more quickly than the patients of group II. The patients of group I were quite pleased with the psychological and cosmetic results. No residual defects have been found in the early postoperative period and after the end of the follow-up periods. All of the patients achieved functional capacity per NYHA. No deformation of breast growth has been detected during 18 months of follow-up for the group I patients, who underwent RVAM. Conclusion: To conclude, the repair of atrial septal defect by RVAM, apart from the limited working zone for the surgeon in these pathologies as compared to sternotomymay be considered in terms of the outcomes, and early and late complications. And this has accounted for less need of analgesics and better cosmetic results in recent years.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2015

The study is to develop specific strategies to prevent adolescents' depression, early detection and intervention services. This study was a descriptive research study with the purpose of predictors of protective factors for depression in adolescent using decision making tree analysis. The subjects for the study were 485 student in G city. This study collected data between September 23, 2013 and September 26, 2013 and analyzed them with frequency analysis, percentage, the mean and standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and a decision-making tree by using SPSS 20.0 program. From the data analysis, the predictive model for protective factors related to depression in adolescent with 4 pathways, 12 nodes. The common predicting variables of depression in adolescent were characteristics, family cohesion, parent adolescent communication, peer communication. The specialty of training data and test data was 76.0% and 65.4%. The sensitivity of training data was 78.2% and 63.7%. As for the classification accuracy, training data and test data explained 70.1% and 69.7%. Parent adolescent communication and peer communication to decrease depression of Korean middle and high school students are necessary. This study should contribute as baseline data for intervention strategies and planning ability of depression prevention in adolescents.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2015

Objectives: To identify the importance of preventing tuberculosis for HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infectees and to monitor their management of health, we investigated the proportion of HIV-TB (Tuberculosis) deaths among the HIV deaths and its related factors. Methods: Data for HIV deaths from 2002 to 2010 was acquired from Statistics Korea, after which the HIV deaths were reclassified into HIV-TB deaths or other deaths according to the KCD (Korean Classification of Diseases). We analyzed the proportion of HIV-TB deaths among HIV disease deaths and the relationship between HIV-TB deaths and related variables such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, etc. Results: There were 774 HIV deaths in South Korea between 2002 and 2010. TB was the main cause of death in 10.1% of all HIV deaths. The total proportion of HIV-TB deaths was 10.1% but its proportion reached 16.3% between 2005-2007 and then decreased to 4% in 2010. Also, the proportion of HIV-TB deaths was significantly high in the young age groups, but its proportion was significantly low in married groups and well educated groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The result implies that the policy that takes care of HIV infectee regarding TB prevention has been getting systemized on a national scale. Also, HIV-TB deaths have been affected by social factors such as education and marriage status.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2016

Recently, the quantity of risk in construction project has been inflated due to the fact that current construction projects have been large and complicated. Therefore, a study on the risk management methods is necessary that can predict and respond to the need in complicated modern construction projects. In this study, the objective is to analyze the cause of accident in actual construction sites and develop a risk assessment model based on insurance claims records. To reach the goal of this study, first, the frequency and severity of accidents are analyzed the causes of accidents based on the classification; progress rate, season, and total construction costs. Second, a risk assessment model is developed by utilizing a multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable is loss ratio of material damage and three categories; natural hazards, geographic information, and construction method & ability, are used as the independent variables. The model's adjusted R-square is 0.455. The contributions of this study will be used as a material for a quantitative risk analysis model development and review of the construction risk factors for future study.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

Since there are many variables such as various poses, illuminations and occlusions in a face detection problem, a high performance detection system is required. Although CNN is excellent in image classification, CNN operatioin requires high-performance hardware resources. But low cost low power environments are essential for small and mobile systems. So in this paper, the CPU-FPGA integrated system is designed based on 3-stage cascade CNN architecture using small size FPGA. Adaptive Region of Interest (ROI) is applied to reduce the number of CNN operations using face information of the previous frame. We use a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) to accelerate the CNN computations. The accelerator reads multiple featuremap at once on the FPGA and performs a Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operation in parallel for convolution operation. The system is implemented on Altera Cyclone V FPGA in which ARM Cortex A-9 and on-chip SRAM are embedded. The system runs at 30FPS with HD resolution input images. The CPU-FPGA integrated system showed 8.5 times of the power efficiency compared to systems using CPU only.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.82-95
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to analyze the GIS-based water cycle system: rainfall, evapotranspiration, surface run-off of Gyeongsanam-do for the effective rainwater management. The rainfall(1999~2008) analyzed by a spatial interpolation method, showed relatively higher amount in Hadong-gun, Sanchung-gun, and Sacheon-gun on the southwest coast than in Changnyeong-gun, Miryang-si, and Changwon-si in the mideast inland. The evapotranspiration was calculated by the three independent variables: air temperature, landuse, and NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index). The analysis showed that Namhae-gun had the highest evapotranspiration of 93.71mm, and Jinhae-si and Changwon-si had the lowest values of 81.78mm and 84.37mm. The surface run-off was analysed by a run-off equation based on the SCS hydrologic soil classification and landuse. The amount of surface run-off showed that Hadong-gun had the highest value, of 90.40mm, and Geochang-gun had the lowest, of 46.69mm. The analysis results of the GIS-based water cycle system will be used to support the establishment of the effective rainwater management plan in Gyeongasngnam-do.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of tumor and prognosis, depending on the status of resection margin involvement, on the frozen section diagnosis in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively, in 83 margin-positive patients on the frozen section diagnosis, who underwent gastrectomy from July 1995 to September 2006. The control group was selected by matching the age, gender, TNM stage and status of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, among those who had shown clear resection margins. The characteristics of tumor and patient survival are investigated, and they were analyzed between the two groups. Results: The tumor size was significantly larger in the study group than that of the control group (P=0.037). There was significant difference between the two groups in location of the tumors (P=0.003). Multivariate analysis indicated that only the location and Lauren's classification are independent factors, which affected the resection margin involvement. Median survival was $41.0{\pm}11.5$ months in the study group and $93.0{\pm}30.3$ months in the control group (P=0.049). In the survival analysis, it was investigated that TNM stage and the resection margin involvement of the frozen section diagnosis were the critical variables. Conclusions: When the tumor is located at the middle or the upper third, or the Lauren's indeterminate type, they are highly likely to show the resection margin involvement on the frozen section diagnosis, and it can, therefore, have negative effects on the prognosis. It is considered as good to perform more extensive resection as possible, during the initial resection.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2005

In order to investigate correlation between mother's dental ca re for her children and their dental caries, this study was conducted wi th the dental examination record of 365 children who showed the same number of questionnaires with those examined for dental conditions and questionnaires written by mothers among children between three and six years of age and their mothers in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province in June 2004 to estimate frequency and percentage of general properties of subjects and mother's oral health care behaviors for her children by research items, to carry out cross-tabulation analysis and correlation analysis following Chi-square distribution for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, and to use decision tree analysis among data mining techniques for those factors associated with the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and drew the following conclusions. 1. For mother's oral health care behaviors and attitudes for her children, 225 mothers(61.6%) confirmed their children's teeth-brushing; 278(76.2%) used no fluorine; and 286(78.6%) observed their children's teeth, 322 mothers(88.2%) instructed their children in teeth-brushing while 268 (73.4%) provided dental care, 232 mothers(63.7%) treated their children's cavity; 290(79.4%) believed that their children had good dental conditions; and 294(80.5%) answered that they began to provide their children with dental care in deciduous teeth. 2. As for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and dental health care behaviors, there were statistically significant differences in employment, confirmation after teeth-brushing, teeth observation, instruction in time for teeth-brushing, use of fluorine, cavity treatment, time for dental care, and perception of dental conditions(p<0.05). 3. As for correlation between dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, mothers who worked, who believed that their children didn't have good dental condition, and who thought that it was necessary to begin to provide dental care in permanent teeth were found to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. Besides, those who failed to confirm teeth-brushing, who used no fluorine, and who failed to observe teeth and gave no instruction in time for teeth-brushing were shown to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. 4. Variables to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth were classified by cavity treatment, mother's employment, time for dental care, and observation of children's teeth. The first node to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was found to be cavity treatment; the next criteria for classification after cavity treatment were shown to be mother's employment and time for dental care. In case of children with no cavity, they were found to be mother's employment and teeth observation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

An experimental study has been carried out to examine development length effects for high strength headed deformed bars. Current design codes limit the specified yield strength of headed bars to 400 MPa. Such the limit is due to the lack of experimental studies on headed bars made of high strength materials. Thus a test program was planed with headed bars with the yield strength of 600 MPa. The threaded head type with head shapes of round plate and circular cone was selected in this study. The experimental variables were development length, number of bars, and head shape. Specimens were classified into L-type and S-type depending on the development length. The development length of L-type was computed according to the design code without considering the limit. S-type specimens had shorter development lengths than the L-type. Further classification was made depending on the shape of heads. A-types have the head shape of round plate and B-types have the shape of circular cone. Three L-type specimens were fabricated with the variable of number of bars (1, 2, and 3). Four specimens for each of SA and SB types were made with development lengths of 50%, 45%, 40%, and 35% compared with L-type. Pullout tests was carried out with 11 specimens. The test results were compared with computed strengths with the design code equations (Appendix II). Based the current studies, it can be said that high strength headed deformed bars used in this study be able to provide such strengths computed with the current design code without considering the yield strength limit.