• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.311-330
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• 2002

A public librarian is an occupation, which requires long-term. continuous training and difficult study to acquire and cultivate professional knowledge and skills. It is a necessity to achieve new knowledge, information and skills via appropriate retraining. A training system is the method which gives chances of retraining to public librarians. After examining some of the problems with the existing training system, it is apparent that the direction of training system needs to be decentralized. That is each local branch should be autonomous in terms of new training for librarians. For the method of training system, each autonomous unit would integrate the different theories to apply to the community-at-large and invite practical specialists from the local community to lecture. The training classes would be elective in that the each librarian could choose the classes he/she wants to take and give them credits for that, but the certificate for the class would also go towards completion for the required technical training. Finally, the utilization of cyber-education should be introduced, and the library association's role strengthened, to help public librarians cultivate their specialties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.90-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the backward design reflecting the process-focused assessment on science learning achievement and science learning motivation in elementary science class. The process-focused assessment to support the growth and development of learners and the backward design that seeks a learner's complete understanding can be of great help to science learning. The results of study are as follows. First, we conducted the backward design reflecting the process-focused assessment centering on 'Earth and Moon's movement' unit, and reflecting various process-focused assessment to help achieve achievement standards. Second, as a result of science learning achievement test and science learning motivation test, there were statistically significant differences in the experimental group. It is expected that the process-focused assessment reflecting the characteristics of science subject will be utilized in the school field in conjunction with the backward design.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the need for family life welfare service program, and to develope the program for managing in the Community Centers. The survey was conducted by interviewing 356 users and 360 non-users of Community Center, total 716 persons living in Daegu City, from October 8 to October 30 in 2002. The data were analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program applying t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : First, overall the needs for family life welfare service program, consisting of education program, facilities management and counseling program, and event program, was higher than 3.7 points. The needs level for event program was a little higher than other two programs. Second, the level of needs for family life welfare service program differed between user group and non-user group of the Community Centers. Third, the level of needs for family life welfare service program varied according to the demographic variables, such as sex, age, marital status, family life cycle, education level, vocation, monthly average income and housing type. Finally, Based on the results of needs analysis, 11 education programs, 4 facilities management and counseling programs and 5 event programs were developed for family life welfare service program. These programs developed in this study could be applied to diverse groups classified by age, social class, family life cycle of citizens. Also the programs should be applied in terms of family unit, as well as individual base to enhance the function of family life.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2012

Heavy hydrocarbon reforming is a core technology for "Dirty energy smart". Heavy hydrocarbons are components of fossil fuels, biomass, coke oven gas and etc. Heavy hydrocarbon reforming converts the fuels into $H_2$-rich syngas. And then $H_2$-rich syngas is used for the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and petrochemicals. Energy can be used efficiently and obtained from various sources by using $H_2$-rich syngas from heavy hydrocarbon reforming. Especially, the key point of "Dirty energy smart" is using "dirty fuel" which is wasted in an inefficient way. New energy conversion laboratory of KAIST has been researched diesel reforming for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a part of "Dirty energy smart". Diesel is heavy hydrocarbon fuels which has higher carbon number than natural gas, kerosene and gasoline. Diesel reforming has difficulties due to the evaporation of fuels and coke formation. Nevertheless, diesel reforming technology is directly applied to "Dirty fuel" because diesel has the similar chemical properties with "Dirty fuel". On the other hand, SOFC has advantages on high efficiency and wasted heat recovery. Nippon oil Co. of Japan recently commercializes 700We class SOFC system using city gas. Considering the market situation, the development of diesel reformer has a great ripple effect. SOFC system can be applied to auxiliary power unit and distributed power generation. In addition, "Dirty energy smart" can be realized by applying diesel reforming technology to "Dirty fuel". As well as material developments, multidirectional approaches are required to reform heavy hydrocarbon fuels and use $H_2$-rich gas in SOFC. Gd doped ceria (CGO, $Ce_{1-x}Gd_xO_{2-y}$) has been researched for not only electrolyte materials but also catalysts supports. In addition, catalysts infiltrated electrode over porous $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}Ga_{0.8}Mg_{0.2}O_3-{\delta}$ and catalyst deposition at three phase boundary are being investigated to improve the performance of SOFC. On the other hand, nozzle for diesel atomization and post-reforming for light-hydrocarbons removal are examples of solving material problems in multidirectional approaches. Likewise, multidirectional approaches are necessary to realize "Dirty energy smart" like reforming "Dirty fuel" for SOFC.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2001

Polymerization of light-activated restorations results in temperature increase caused by both the exothermic reaction process and the energy absorbed during irradiation. Within composite resin, temperature increases up to 2$0^{\circ}C$ or more during polymerization. But, insulation of hard tissue of tooth lowers this temperature increase in pulp. However, many clinicians are concerned about intrapulpal temperature injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temperature changes in the pulp according to various restorative materials and bases during curing procedure. Caries and restoration-free mandibular molars extracted within three months were prepared Class I cavity of 3$\times$6mm with high speed handpiece fissure bur. 1mm depth of dentin was evaluated with micrometer in mesial and distal pulp horns. Pulp chambers were filled with 37.0$\pm$0.1$^{\circ}C$ water to CEJ. Chromium-alumina thermocouple was placed in pulp horn below restorative materials for evaluating of temperature changes. This thermocouple was connected to temperature-recording device(Multiplication analyzer MX, 6.000, JAPAN). Temperature changes was evaluated from initial 37.$0^{\circ}C$ after temperature changes to 37.$0^{\circ}C$. Tip of curing unit was placed in the center of prepared cavity separated 1mm from restorative materials. Curing time was 40s. The restorative materials were used with Z 100, Fuji II LC, Compoglass flow and bases were used with Vitrebond, Dycal. Resrorative materials were placed in 2mm. The depth of bases were formed in 1mm and in this upper portion, resin of 2mm depth was placed. This procedure was performed 10 times. The results were as follows. 1. All the groups showed that the temperature in pulp increased as curing time increased 2. The temperature increase of glass ionomer was significantly higher than that of Resin and Compomer during curing procedure (P<0.05). 3. The temperature increase in glass ionomer base was significantly higher than that of Calcium hydroxide base during Resin curing procedure (P<0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Following are brief statements about the delayed encephalopathy of a patient who recovered without disturbance of consciousness after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. A 72-year-old male was found without consciousness at home and then visited the ER center. Later we learned that the patient was using briquettes as a household heating source. Blood carbon monoxide hemoglobin level was 17.5%. As carbon monoxide poisoning was uncertain after the first interview with the patient, hyperbaric oxygen therapy was not administered at the early stage. After supplying 100% oxygen, the patient recovered consciousness, however, the strength of the lower limb muscle had decreased to class II. The patient showed continued weakening of the lower limb muscle and an increase of CPK; therefore, he was diagnosed as carbon monoxide intoxication and rhabdomyolysis and then admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for conservative treatment. During the hospitalization period, continued weakening of the lower limb muscle was observed and he was diagnosed as myopathy after EMG/MCV. However, he suddenly showed altered mentality on the 20th day of hospitalization, and underwent brain MRI. T2 weighted MRI showed typically high signal intensity of both globus pallidus and periventricular white matter; therefore, he was diagnosed as delayed carbon monoxide encephalopathy. This case showed delayed encephalopathy accompanied by rhabdomyolysis and myopathy of a patient who recovered without disturbance of consciousness.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.313-314
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• 2009

To project military power, the paradigm of the modern warship aquisition has evolved with more large platform and high-technology equipment. For example, the Aegis combat system equipped warship is one of the most advanced and capable defense systems currently in use. Concurrently, if the warship attacked and disabled, it may worse the asymmetry of the battle field and it also depress the morale of the fleet. For that reason, to keep and protect few number of the big and high technology equipped warship from enemy is very important. At the present, the performance of unit weapon has enhanced remarkably. A Korean-built SS-209 class submarine, Lee Chun-ham, participated in Naval Exercise Tandem Thrust conducted in 1999, sink the target ship ex-USS Oklahoma by a single torpedo. USS Stark was struck on May 17, 1987, by two Exocet anti ship missiles and disabled. For this reason, susceptibility should be prior to vulnerability and recoverability. In this paper, deception ship which is small and chief but has very similar signatures to large and high technology equiped warship has conceptually studied by using systems engineering approach. And it may be a effective way to enhance the susceptibility of the key fighting power.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.299-305
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• 2016

The High Temperature Superconducting power cables (HTS power cables) become increasingly longer to commercialize the HTS power cable system. Accordingly, demands on refrigerators of large cooling capacity per a unit system have been increased. In Korea, it is currently imported from abroad with the high price due to insufficient domestic technologies. In order to commercialize the HTS power cables, it is necessary to develop the refrigerators with large cooling capacity. The Brayton refrigerators are composed of recuperative heat exchangers, compressors and cryogenic turbo expanders. The most directly considering the efficiency of the Brayton refrigerator, it depends on performance of the cryogenic turbo expander. Rotating at high speed in cryogenic temperature, the cryogenic turbo expanders lower temperature by expanding high pressure of a helium or neon gas. In this paper, the reverse Brayton cycle is designed and the cryogenic turbo expander is designed in accordance with the thermodynamic cycle.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

A novel class AB current subtracter(CS) and its application to Norton amplifier(NA) for low-power current-mode signal processing are designed. The CS is composed of a translinear cell, two current mirrors, and two common-emitter(CB) amplifiers. The principle of the current subtraction is that the difference of two input current applied translinear cell get from the current mirror, and then the current amplify through CB amplifier with ${\beta}$ times. The NA is consisted of the CS and wideband voltage buffer. The simulation results show that the CS has current input impedance of $20{\Omega}$, current gain of 50, and current input range of $i_{IN1}$ > $i_{IN2}{\geq}4I_B$. The NA has unit gain frequency of 312 MHz, transresistance of 130 dB, and power dissipation of 4mW at ${\pm}2.5V$ supply voltage.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

The aims of the current study were to assess reliability of range of motion (ROM) measurement of glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR) with a pressure biofeedback stabilization (PBS) method and to compare the reliability between manual stabilization (MS) and the PBS method. In measurement of pure glenohumeral joint motion, scapular stabilization is necessary. The MS method in GIR ROM measurement was used to restrict scapular motion by pressing the palm of the tester's hand over the subject's clavicle, coracoid process, and humeral head. The PBS method was devised to maintain consistent pressure for scapular stabilization during GIR ROM measurement by using a pressure biofeedback unit. GIR ROM was measured by 2 different stabilization methods in 32 subjects with GIR deficit using a smartphone clinometer application. Repeated measurements were performed in two test sessions by two testers to confirm inter- and intra-rater reliability. After tester A performed measurements in test session 1, tester B's measurements were conducted one hour later on the same day to assess the inter-rater reliability and then tester A performed again measurements in test session 2 for confirming the intra-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) was applied to assess the inter-rater reliability and ICC (3,1) was applied to determine the intra-rater reliability of the two methods. In the PBS method, the intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC=.91) and the inter-rater reliability was good (ICC=.84). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the PBS method was higher than in the MS method. The PBS method could regulate manual scapular stabilization pressure in inter- and intra-rater measuring GIR ROM. Results of the current study recommend that the PBS method can provide reliable measurement data on GIR ROM.