• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2001

The Class III malocclusion classified in two types of Skeletal Class III and Pseudo Class III. In the case of the maxillary deficiency, the protraction H-G(facemask) with Bonded RPE can be used. For children with A-P and vertical maxillary deficiency, the preferred treatment is to move the maxilla into a more anterior and inferior position, which also increases its size as bone is added at the posterior and superior sutures. Successful forward repositioning of the maxilla can be accomplished before age 8. To resist tooth movement as much as possible, the maxillary teeth should be splinted together as a single unit. The maxillary appliance must have hooks for attachment to the facemask that are located in the canine-primary molar area above the occlusal plane. The facemask usually worn until a positive overjet of 2-5mm is achieved interincisally. Occipital chin cup is successful in those patients who can bring their incisors close to an edge-to-edge position when in centric relation. This treatment is particularly useful in patients who begin treatment with a short lower anterior facial height, as this type of treatment can lead to an increase in lower anterior facial height. If the pull of the chin cup is directed below the condyle, the force of the appliance may lead to a downward and backward rotation of the mandible.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of the SW-STEAM program by utilizing software supporting the creation of VR for elementary science class. Two classes of 5th grade were selected, and were engaged in different teaching and learning methods during 12 class hours. The experimental group which is consisted of 20 students participated in the SW-STEAM program by utilizing software supporting the creation of VR, the comparative group which comprised 19 students was thaught by using a traditional instruction. Teaching unit was 'the solar system and stars' in 5th grade science text book. The results of this study were as follows. The SW-STEAM program by utilizing software the creation of VR had a positive effect on elementary school students' creative problem solving ability, scientific interest, science achievement. Therefore, the SW-STEAM program by utilizing software supporting the creation of VR could be meaningful works to encourage students' creative problem solving ability, scientific interest, science achievement, and this study will help elementary teachers teach 'the solar system and stars' in 5th grade science text book more interesting.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to examine the difference of the effect of CAI and students’attitude to Home Economics Class through CAI. 120 girl students of the first year were chosen at B middle school in Daegu. Among them each 30 students were classified into 4 groups； High Intelligence group/Individual learning pattern, High Intelligence group/Small group learning pattern, Low Intelligence group/Individual learning pattern, Low Intelligence group/Small group learning pattern. The task of learning was “management of washing”Unit of the second grade. The data were processed with Cronbach’s ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA by SPSS/PC(sup)+. The research findings are as follows： 1. In the verification of CAI Learning effect according to student group pattern, there is no difference between Individual learning pattern and Small group learning pattern in Achivement and Retention of learning. 2. In the verification of CAI Learning effect according to student intelligence level, there is no difference between High Intelligence group and Low Intelligence group in Achivement and Retention of learning. 3. The result of students’attitude to Home Economics Class verificated is an follows. (1) Individual learning pattern is more attensive than Small group learning pattern, but there is no difference in Intelligence level. (2) Low Intelligence group is more positive than High Intelligence group, and Small group learning pattern is more positive than Individual learning pattern in a view of Home Economics Class after using CAI.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.878-890
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to apply the PEOE class model that can enhance students' scientific creative problem-solving ability and self-directed learning ability in the middle school science subject and analyze the effects of it on students' long- and short-term retention, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics. And the paper has gained the following results: First, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test, post-test, and delay test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' long- and short-term retention, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05. In other words, the class using PEOE influences learners' short-term retention significantly, but it is even more effective in transmitting the concept that students acquire into their long-term memory. Second, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' scientific creative problem-solving ability, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 in general. However, 'elaboration' and 'originality', the subfactors of scientific creative problem-solving ability, do not indicate significant effects. Third, according to the result of analysis through the pre-test and post-test to examine the effects of PEOE-based class on learners' self-directed learning characteristics, it is found to be statistically significant in the significant level of .05 as a whole. However, 'openness' and 'future-oriented self-understanding', the subfactors of self-directed learning characteristics, do not exert significant effects. Based on the above study results, it can be concluded that PEOE-based class is more effective for learners' academic achievement in science, scientific creative problem-solving ability, and self-directed learning characteristics than lecture-method instruction regarding the middle school science unit of 'The Properties of Air and Weather Change'.

• 고전문학과교육
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• 제33호
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• pp.45-82
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• 2016

수업은 교사와 학생의 교육적 만남을 매개(媒介)하는 학교 교육의 핵심적인 현상으로, 교과교육 연구의 중요한 대상이다. 교실 수업은 학교 교육에 기대하는 많은 것을 함축하고 있는 장면이기 때문에, 이러한 교실 수업현상이나 교사의 수업 행위를 깊이 있게 이해하고 해석할 수 있는 이론이자 방법으로서 수업 비평은 긴요하다. 이에 본 연구는 고전문학교육 연구의 지평을 수업 현상에 대한 실제적이고 경험적인 연구로 확장해 나가기 위한 시도로 고전소설 수업에 대한 수업 비평을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 수업 비평의 텍스트로 삼은 고전소설 수업은 교과서의 작품에 대한 분석적 독해를 주로 하는 전형적인 고전소설 수업이었다. 그럼에도 교사는 고전소설에 대한 학생들의 막연한 거부감을 공감으로 전환시키면서, 작품을 감상하고 내면화할 수 있도록 이끌어 나가는 모습을 보였다. 자칫훈고주석에 치우칠 수밖에 없는 고전소설 수업에서 학생들의 공감과 반응이 들려올 수 있었던 데에는 작품에 대한 교사의 안목과 경험, 문학교육적 지식과 방법 등이 작품을 읽어 나가는 수업 전반에 투영되었기 때문이다. 특히 비교적 많은 시간을 할애하며 교사가 직접 작품의 서사를 구연(口演)해 나간 것은 고전소설 수업으로서의 그 가치와 의미를 여실히 드러낸 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 수업 비평의 관점에 터해, 다기(多岐)한 장면으로 펼쳐지는 고전소설 수업의 실제 사례를 수집하고, 그 의미를 읽어내려는 시도가 거듭되어야 한다. 수업 비평과 같은, 수업 현상을 기반으로 하는 연구를 통해 고전문학교육에 대한 새로운 성찰과 발견이 가능해질 것이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2010

This study aims to seek a direction of development in apartment interior planning method, considering residential condition and historical planning schemes in South Korea and China. In this study, South Korea and China's traditional housing and modern apartment unit was studied to identify environmental attributes of residence. For Korea, Banga, where upper class residents lived, and modern urban Hanok were chosen to be analyzed. For China, two types of housing wear studied: Sahapwon, original form of China housing, and Yinong house which is a typical Sanghai house. First, the elements of living environment in two major cities; Seoul and Sanghai was defined to analyze factors of traditional houses in both cities. Depending on those factors, relationship among traditional and modern housing types were compared and analyzed, focusing on unit plan case studies for a better understanding of living environment in South Korea and China. From this study, similarities and differences between apartment plans in Seoul and Shanghai was examined according to their residential style, surrounding natural environment and lifestyle factors. In Seoul's apartment, spacial composition and movement lines were mainly formed around the public space in Seoul, while public space of living and dining room was located at housing entrance area in the Shanghai's residential system, configuring narrow form of housing unit. In respect of the natural environment, the unit plan of rectangular form in Seoul was more efficient in day lighting and wind circulation than the unit plan of narrow form in Shanghai. It was also found that cultural differences of stand-up and seat life style influenced on the composition of unit plans in Seoul and Shanghai.n Apartment cases in Seoul and Shanghai.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2009

LNGC(Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier)의 역사는 1959년 $5,000m^3$ 급 LNG선 "Methane Pioneer"호를 시작으로 1969년에는 $71,500m^3$ 급, 1973년에는 Moss Type의 최초 LNG운반선 "Norman Lady($87,600m^3$)호, 1980년대 $125,000m^3$ 급을 시작으로 1990년대를 거처 $135,000m^3$ 급, 2007년 $210,000m^3$급 그리고 2008년에는 $266,000m^3$ 급의 초대형 액화천연가스 운반선이 출현하였다. 또한 2006년 11월에는 기존 내 외연 기관이 아닌 발전기 기동으로 Propeller를 움직이는 DFDE(Duel Fuel Diesel Electric)엔진, 육상의 Storage Tank를 생략한 기화설비를 갖춘 LNG-RV(Re-gasification Vessel)와 주 기관은 Slow Diesel을 택하고, 운항 중 발생하는 BOG(Boil Off Gas)를 재액화시키는 설비를 갖춘 DRL(Diesel Re-Liquefaction)선박 및 해상 LNG 생산 저장시설인 LNG-FPSO(Floating Production and Storage Offshore), 그리 고 해상 LNG 인수기지 역할을 하는 LNG-FSRU(Floating Store and Re-gasification Unit) 등이 개발되었다. 이 논문에서는 LNG Project, 전 세계 에너지 시장과 LNGC의 발전 추세에 대하여 다루었다.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2007

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the 3rd leading cause of cancer death in Korea and its prognosis is very poor. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of terminal patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on admission into a hospice unit, and to know if they had received appropriate hospice and palliative care. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records in 62 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had admitted, received palliative care, and died in a hospice unit between January 2003 and December 2005. Results: The median age of patients was 56.5 years with 50 men(80.65%) and 12 women(19.35%) and gender ratio(male to female) was 417. Child-Pugh class A, B, and C were 6(9.68%), 22(35.38%), and 34(58.84%) respectively. We divided the patients into two groups and compared, the terminal HCC patients with class C as group I and those with class A & B as group 2. The median time from hospice referral to death was significantly short in group 1 with 15.5 days compared to group 2 with 53 days. Statistically more prevalent symptoms in group I were ascites, dyspnea, peripheral edema, and hepatic encephalopathy with abnormal laboratory findings (jaundice, hypoalbuminemia, or renal insufficiency). There, however, was no significant difference in complications and managements during admission between group 1 and 2. Conclusion: Most terminal HCC patients were often accompanied with chronic liver disease. The length of hospice and palliative care for above patients was not enough to attend them. Therefore, we suggest that proper education and information should be provided to physicians, patients, and their family members for effective hospice and palliative care.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권7A호
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• pp.994-1004
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 무선과 같은 대역 제한되고 잡음의 영향이 심한 환경에서 동영상 부호화를 위해 H.263를 이용하여 비트스트림을 구성하였다. 구현된 비트스트림의 실제 데이터 부분에 대한 UEP를 위해 제안된 EREC 알고리즘을 적용하여 EREC 서부프레임을 구현한다. 이러한 것은 블록단위의 재동기를 할 수 있어 에러의 전파를 최소로할 수 있고 INTRADC, MVD와 같은 중요 비트위치알 수 있다. 이러한 중요비트 위치를 이용하여 클래스를 분류하고 클래스정보에 의해 가변적인 puncturing 테이블을 설계하였으며 터보 코드의 부호율을 클래스에 따라 다르게 설계하였다. 채널코딩은 터보 코드를 사용하고 인터리버는 EREC 서브프레임 단위의 가변 부호율을 적용시 중요비트의 부가 비트가 제거되지 않고 가변적인 크기이지만 송, 수신단에서 항상 동일하게 설계한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 비트오류확률 측면에서 EEP와 비슷한 부호율을 갖는 UEP는 개선된 결과를 얻을 수 있었고 영상에 적용한 결과 중요 비트들의 보호에의해 주관적, 객관적 화질이 좋아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2022

본 연구는 초등과학 '식물의 한살이' 단원 온라인수업에 적용할 메이커교육프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과로 과학에 대한 흥미도와 창의적 문제해결력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 개발된 메이커교육프로그램의 주제는 '식물의 한살이를 주제로 동화 오디오북 만들기'이다. 프로그램은 TMI 메이커교육 모형 단계에 따라 학습한 개념을 활용하여 창의적 오디오북을 제작하는 활동으로 구성하였다. 연구결과, 초등과학 '식물의 한살이' 단원 온라인수업에 메이커교육프로그램은 초등학생의 과학에 대한 흥미도와 창의적 문제해결력에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 초등과학 온라인수업에 메이커교육의 적용은 학생들의 과학에 대한 흥미도와 창의적 문제해결력 향상에 효과적이다. 그리고 초등과학 온라인 수업에 메이커교육을 활발하게 적용할 수 있는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.