• 의정연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.35-68
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• 2021

2021년 독일 총선에서 사민당이 신승해 제1당으로 복귀하고 녹색당이 최대 승자로 떠올랐다. 두 정당은 기후·환경, 팬데믹 대처와 보건, 노동·사회 정책에서 국민의 기대에 부응하는 정책을 제시함으로써 승기를 잡았다. 메르켈 효과는 선거에서 크게 작용하지 않았으며, 연정 구성 후 정부 정책으로 이어질 가능성이 크다. 투표 행태에서 계급 균열이 약해진 반면, 세대 균열이 상대적으로 커졌다. 노년층은 양대 정당에 더 많은 지지를 보냈고, 청년층은 녹색당과 자민당에 더 높은 지지율을 보였다. 세대 갈등이 계속된다면 녹색당과 자민당 등의 성장과 양대 정당의 지속적 약화 및 기타 새로운 정당의 등장으로 이어질 수 있다. 또한 구 동·서독 간 지역 갈등이 여전히 남아 있어 대안당과 좌파당의 향배에 영향을 미쳐 다른 균열들과 결합할 것이다. 2021년 총선은 정당 체제 재편을 예고하는 선거라고 할 수 있다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2012

기후변화로 인한 피해를 방지하고 적응대책을 수립하기 위해 취약성 평가가 장려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강원도 지역을 대상으로 고해상도 공간자료를 이용한 취약성 평가를 실시하고, 부문별 우선순위 선정방법을 제시하여 적응정책 수립에서 활용 가능성을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 각 부문별로 민감도, 노출, 적응능력 규준을 설정하고, 적합한 평가 지표를 선정한 뒤 GIS를 이용하여 지표별 공간자료를 구축하였다. 이후 시군구별 현재와 미래 취약성 결과를 도출한 뒤 부문별 우선순위를 선정하였다. 현재의 기후변화 취약 정도에 따라 구간을 나눈 뒤 미래의 취약성 증감 정도를 반영하여 부문별로 우선 순위를 등급화 하였다. 그 결과, 취약성은 지역별로 사용된 지표에 따라 상이하게 나타났으나, 전반적으로 미래의 취약성이 증가하고 취약지역이 확대되는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 기온의 증가는 모든 부문의 취약성을 증가시키는 것으로 드러났다. 부문별 우선순위 선정 결과, 시군별로 적응정책 수립시 우선적으로 고려해야할 부문을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 지리와 기후 및 사회적 특성이 비슷한 시군구는 동일한 등급으로 분류되는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 취약성 평가와 부문별 우선순위 선정 방안은 향후 기초지자체의 기후변화 세부시행계획 수립 시 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.686-694
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• 2019

본 연구는 울릉도 너도밤나무림의 동태변화를 통한 유지기작을 연구하기 위하여 알봉분지에서 성인봉 사이 소능선부, 사면상부 및 계곡부를 포함한 너도밤나무가 우점하는 임분 1ha(20m×20m, 25개소)를 대상으로 흉고직경급 분포, 중요치, 종조성 분석을 통해 미세지형별 너도밤나무림의 임분구조 특성을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 너도밤나무림 전체에서 흉고직경급 10cm 미만에서는 소능선부와 사면상부가 계곡부에 비하여 개체수가 많이 나타났으며, 흉고직경급 10-25cm에서는 소능선부의 개체수가 가장 많이 나타났고, 흉고직경급 25-45cm에서는 사면상부, 45cm 이상의 계곡부의 개체수가 가장 많이 나타났다. 모든 지형에서 흉고직경급 10cm 미만의 너도밤나무가 다수 분포하고 있는 것은 종자번식이 아닌 영양번식 또는 교란에 의한 맹아갱신인 것으로 판단된다. 지표종 분석결과 소능선부에서는 솔송나무, 만병초, 호자덩굴, 섬벚나무, 마가목, 큰두루미꽃 등 8종이, 계곡부에서는 풍게나무, 관중, 난티나무, 섬노루귀, 말오줌나무, 큰연영초, 공작고사리, 황벽나무 8종이 유이하게 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to set urban ecosystem assessment indicators, assess the status of the urban ecosystems in 31 cities & counties in the capital region and based on which, to examine an improvement plan to resolve problems and raise quality and quantity of urban ecosystems. The study showed that the ecological base of 31 cities & counties was 48% on average, which indicates that their ecological property is the middle class. Their natural-ecological function was 63% and environmental-control function was 25%, showing that environment-control function was poor. Therefore, going forward, urban ecological base should be further improved. When securing an ecological base, creation techniques should be able to further enhance environmental-control function along with natural-ecological function. Also, additional effort should be made to conserve areas with high ecological value as much as possible and increase vegetation vitality by replacing tree species.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.223-235
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the prevalence of job stress and musculoskeletal symptoms, and to identify the factors that affect work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of the 119 Emergency medical technicians (EMT). Method: From August 26 to September 10, 2010, the data were obtained from 456 EMT working in Daejeon city or Choongnam province. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed using SAS version 9.1. Results: Physical environment, job demand, interpersonal conflict, and occupational climate were stressful to 119 EMT. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of female EMT was higher than those of the male EMT's. After gender and age were adjusted, there ware significant relationships between musculoskeletal symptoms and some risk factors including occupational class, hours of intensive musculoskeletal use, previous injury or work-related injury, physical burden, and job stress. Overall, a higher degree of job stress increased musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusion: Job stress is a major cause of musculoskeletal symptoms. To prevent and manage musculoskeletal disease of 119 EMT, there is a need to develop a management program for musculoskeletal symptoms to reduce occupational stress, considering gender differences.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.217-234
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• 2018

Copulas are a tool for constructing multivariate distributions and formalizing the dependence structure between random variables. From copula literature review, there are a few asymmetric copulas available so far while data collected from the real world often exhibit asymmetric nature. This necessitates developing asymmetric copulas. In this study, we discuss a method to construct a new class of bivariate asymmetric copulas based on products of symmetric (sometimes asymmetric) copulas with powered arguments in order to determine if the proposed construction can offer an added value for modeling asymmetric bivariate data. With these newly constructed copulas, we investigate dependence properties and measure of association between random variables. In addition, the test of symmetry of data and the estimation of hyper-parameters by the maximum likelihood method are discussed. With two real example such as car rental data and economic indicators data, we perform the goodness-of-fit test of our proposed asymmetric copulas. For these data, some of the proposed models turned out to be successful whereas the existing copulas were mostly unsuccessful. The method of presented here can be useful in fields such as finance, climate and social science.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.708-717
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• 2017

Industrial innovation in Britain, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, stimulated the introduction of the factory system and the migration of people from rural agricultural communities to urban industrial societies. The factory system brought elevated levels of economic growth to the purveyors of capitalism, but forced people to migrate into cities where working conditions in factories were, in general, harsh and brutal, and living conditions were cramped, overcrowded and unsanitary. Industrial developments, known collectively as the 'Industrial Revolution', were driven initially by the harnessing of water and steam power, and the widespread construction of rail, shipping and road networks. Parallel with these changes, came the development of purchasing 'middle class', consumers. Various technological ripples (or waves of innovative activity) continued (worldwide) up to the early-twenty-first century. Of recent note are innovations in digital technology, with associated developments, for example, in artificial intelligence, robotics, 3-D printing, materials technology, computing, energy storage, nano-technology, data storage, biotechnology, 'smart textiles' and the introduction of what has become known as 'e-commerce'. This paper identifies the more important early technological innovations, their influence on textile manufacture, distribution and consumption, and the changed role of the designer and craftsperson over the course of these technological ripples. The implications of non-ethical production, globalisation and so-called 'fast fashion' and non-sustainability of manufacture are examined, and the potential benefits and opportunities offered by new and developing forms of social media are considered. The message is that hand-crafted products are ethical, sustainable and durable.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.521-530
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• 2010

Global regulatory pressures relating climate change and environmental responsibility are asking companies to find out the best way for sustaining their continuous business growths. It could be known that inadequate management for environmental issues are bad for business, negatively affecting brand image, causing unnecessary losses and costs for environmental preservation. For this reason, environmentally conscious green business growth has been recognized as an essential requirement for a company to stay in business. Many companies are looking for green business opportunities of improving their environmental and financial results, and struggling with how green fits into their business. In this paper, the Green Six Sigma, an environmentally conscious Six Sigma methodology, is presented as a way to find solutions for green growths. The Six Sigma is known as a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for achieving world-class performance in any process from manufacturing to transactional. In chronological order, the Six Sigma has been evolved from Motorola's quality-oriented methodology to GE's cost-oriented lean approach, and is being evolved and developed as an environment-oriented green growth approach. There is no doubt that the Green Six Sigma, as an engine of green growth, is a power tool for achieving competitive business performance and reducing the impact on the environment.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2005

Cycle simulation of Ground Source Heat Pump[GSHP] system was carried out to determine the design specification of basic components such as turbo compressor and heat exchangers. Part load operation characteristics of the designed GSHP system was estimated using the compressor and heat exchanger performance data. A 50RT class turbo compressor for GSHP system is now under development, in which R134a refrigerant is adopted as working fluid. The compressor with variable cascade diffusers is designed to work both in cooling and heating modes so that it can actively keep up with the climate change with high efficiency. The normal running speeds of the compressor are 59000rpm for heating mode and 70000rpm for tooling mode respectively. It has two identical impellers at both ends of the rotor so as to minimize aero-induced thrust force effectively. GSHP system was coupled with a vortical type heat exchanger, and heat gain and heat loss from ground were evaluated per a bore hole. For the optimal integration of the heat pump system, its header for circulating fluid was combined with the ground heat exchangers in parallel and series configuration.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand underlying principle to form the U-type folk house in the northwestern part of Kangwha Island by viewpoint of inner residents. It is found that many factors other than climate are coincidentally affecting the shape of house; Resident's fixed thought like following geomancer' suggestion, seeking fortune, and locating house enclosed low site; Economic reason of uniting one house with two buildings and making small type by used timber from dismantled house; Centralizing life with small courtyard by reason of family type change from extended to nuclear; Influence from L or ㅁ type of upper class building at Seoul area. The method is thick description of culture with ethnographic method from cognitive anthropology: Observing the form and restoring residents' life with open-ended deep interview.