• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1016-1023
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• 2008

Lichens are predominant and important components of flora in the terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica. However, relatively few researches on the phylogenetic position of Antarctic lichen-forming fungi have been accomplished. In this study, partial sequences of nuclear large subunit rDNAs from 50 Antarctic specimens were obtained and the phylogeny was reconstructed. Antarctic lichen species were distributed in 4 orders, including the monophyletic order Agyrales, paraphyletic orders Pertusariales and Teloschistales, and polyphyletic order Lecanorales. Species diversity was highest in the order Lecanorales, followed by Teloschistales and Pertusariales. Based on the phylogeny and sequence similarity analyses, it is proposed that the taxonomy of Stereocaulon alpinum, Physcia caesia, Usnea aurantiacoatra, and Cladonia species should be revised by careful examination of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Six species known to be endemic to Antarctica, Catillaria corymbosa, Himantormia lugubris, Leptogium puberulum, Pertusaria pertusa, Rhizoplaca aspidophora, and Umbilicaria antarctica, formed unique lineages, implying independent origins in the Antarctic area.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2020

Asterochloris is one of the most common genera of lichen phycobionts in Trebouxiophyceae. Asterochloris phycobionts associated with the lichenized fungi Cladonia and Stereocaulon in King George Island (Antarctica) and Morro Chico (Chile), were isolated and then used to establish clonal cultures. To understand the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris species, molecular and morphological data were analyzed by using three microscopy techniques (light, confocal laser and transmission electron) and a multi-locus phylogeny with data from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and the actin and plastid-encoded ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) coding genes. Morphological data of three Antarctic strains showed significant species-specific features in chloroplast while molecular data segregated the taxa into distinct three clades as well. Each species had unique molecular signatures that could be found in secondary structures of the ITS1 and ITS2. The species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris was represented by six taxa, namely, A. glomerata, A. italiana, A. sejongensis, and three new species (A. antarctica, A. pseudoirregularis, A. stereocaulonicola).

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권7호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1986

Korea has a long history from several thousand years ago. Specially stonecultural properties were used for the long period in Korea. Ancient tombs of prehistoric age, Sukgul-am (stone cave), Chumsung-dae (astronomical observatory)and stone statue of Buddha in the period of three dynasties were made of stone. There after the foundation stone, mortarstone, millstone, and other stone facilities at home have been also used for a long time. For the conservation of the cultural properties, the ecological distribution of lichens was investigated with the stone buildings around tombs and multistory stonepagodas.1. Yoo-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sungjong) : The stone buildings of granitearound tomb about 80 years old are clean and solid in quality, but they were covered in places with three kinds of lichens as the circle forms of pale-green and dark-gray colored thallus in crustose type. They were examined ecological distribution, identification and measurement of lobe size of lichens.2. Yoong-nung (The tomb of son of Emperor Yung-jong) : Granite buildings around tomb about 200 years old are also clean, moreover, they were also covered with the same kinds of crustose lichens in overlap.3. Yung-nung (The tomb of Emperor Sejong) : More than seven species of crustose, foliose and one species of fruticose lichens were growing on thegranite stone buildings built in about 500 years ago.4. Shilluk-sa multistory brick pagoda : It was built at the Koryo dynasty more than about 700 years. More than 5 species of crustose folios and two species of fruticose lichens were growing well on the granite stone at shade area. It was assumed that foliose lichens as dominant species with the respect of ecological aspect.5. Shilluk-sa multistory marble pagoda : This marble pagoda was built at the middle period of the Koryo dynasty as the same age of multistory brick pagoda. It was covered with black colored thallus such as crustose lichens. It is seemed that only crustose lichens on the stone were due to the drymarble stone. From the results described above, distribution of lichens showed that only crustose lichens on the stone from the short history (about 100-200 years) were grown with small size of circle form, stone buildings over 500 years were covered with crustose, folios and fruticose lichens, and the lichens distribution on the stonemore than 500 years appeared more foliose and fruticose than crustose type. Therefore, it is suggested that the succession of lichens on the stone buildings iscrustose$\rightarrow$foliose$\rightarrow$fruticose.Parmelia mexicana, Cladonia floerkeana, Ramalina yasudae identified are described in this paper and other unidentified species of saxicolous lichens will bedescribed later.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2020

지의류는 효모를 포함하는 곰팡이와 조류의 공생체로 복합미생물이다. 지의류의 다양한 종들은 문화재에서 흔히 발견되며 풍화작용과도 관련되어 있는 것으로 보고되어 유럽에서는 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 우리나라의 문화재에서 지의류에 관한 연구 보고는 거의 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구는 국립수목원에서 진행하는 생활권 및 특수지역에 서식하는 버섯·지의류 탐색 및 분류 연구 조사의 일환으로 수행되었으며 성주 세종대왕자 태실의 지의류상 조사에서 밝혀진 내용을 보고한다. 총 19기의 태실로부터 총 65점의 지의류를 채집하였으며, 채집된 지의류를 형태학 및 분자생물학적으로 동정한 결과 3강 10목 17과 23속 40종이 밝혀졌다. 형태학적 분류 결과 잎의 형태를 띠는 엽상지의류(24점, 36.9%)와 딱지 형태를 띠는 가상지의류(24점, 36.9%)가 나뭇가지 형태를 띠는 수지상지의류(17점, 26.2%)에 비해 높은 비율로 분포하였다. 이들 중 엽상지의류에 속하는 Xanthoparmelia coreana가 가장 많이 채집되었으며, 가상지의류인 Lepraria sp.가 19기 태실 모두에 분포하였다. 또한 수지상 지의류인 Cladonia속이 8종으로 종 다양성이 가장 높았다. 계양군 태실에서 16종의 지의류가 채집되어 가장 높은 종 다양성을 보인 반면, 금성대군 태실의 경우 5종의 지의류가 채집되어 가장 낮은 종 다양성을 보였다. 본 연구는 우리나라 문화재에 분포하는 지의류 종 다양성 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2016

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant(MDR) strain. (+)-Usnic acid(UA) is uniquely found in lichens, and is especially abundant in genera such as Usnea and Cladonia. UA has antimicrobial activity against human and plant pathogens. Therefore, UA may be a good antibacterial drug candidate for clinical development. In search of a natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug-resistant bacteria, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of UA against 17 different strains of the bacterium. In this study, the effects of a combination of UA and permeable agents against MRSA were investigated. For the measurement of cell wall permeability, UA with concentration of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) was used. In the other hand, Sodium azide($NaN_3$) was used as inhibitors of ATPase. Against the 17 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of UA were in the range of $7.81-31.25{\mu}g/ml$. EDTA or $NaN_3$ cooperation against MRSA showed synergistic activity on cell wall. UA and in combination with EDTA and $NaN_3$ could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against MRSA infection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1985

지의류(lichens) 수용성 추출물에 약리적인 효과를 알기위해 $CCl_4$로 흰쥐의 간손상을 유도시킨 후 단기간, 장기간 사육시켜서 간장조직의 mitochondrial respiration측정을 하였고 간장조직내의 lactate, malate와 fumarate glutamate, 혈청 glucose 및 간장조직의 glucose-6-phosphatase의 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 급성 만성의 간장애를 받은 쥐에서 4가지호흡지수(state 3 respiration P/O ratio, respiratory control, 합성된 ATP)로 측정된 mitochondrial respiration 기능이 지의류(lichens) 추출물을 섭취한 실험군이 대조군 보다 높았고, serum glucose, 간장내의 lactate, glutamate, malate와 fumarate및 glucose-6-phosphatase 활성도 실험군이 높은값을 나타내었다. 이것으로 지의류추출물은 간장조직의 mitochondrial respiration에 대해 보호작용과 해당과정을 촉진하는 작용이 있다는 것으로 추정된다.