• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2010

Environmental issues resulting from climate change and energy crises have become global issues, and cycling has gained greater popularity for sustainable transportation. Though many cities are trying to build bicycle roads, it is not easy to implement bicycle roads because there is little available space for bicycle facilities. Therefore, road diets have become more popular in Korea. However, there has been no intensive research to date of their impacts. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of road diets and construction of bike lanes. Every benefit, including energy benefit, environmental benefit, and health benefit is considered, while only time savings benefit has been considered in previous studies. The benefit analysis for the Seoul metropolitan area as a case study shows that road diets have a (1) time saving benefit for only five percent of the mode share and (2) enough total benefit even if bicycle mode share is less than two percent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.667-675
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• 2018

Increasing emissions regulations and demand of high-efficiency cars that travels a lot of distance with less fuel, there is growing interest in Energy Consumption Efficiency. Korean energy consumption efficiency compute combined Fuel Economy by driven city & highway driving mode and present final Energy Consumption Efficiency as using 5-cycle correction formula. Energy consumption efficiency is computed Carbon-balance-method, when used burning fuel play a key role in vehicle performance & Energy Consumption Efficiency. In Korea, vehicle fuel is circulate by Petroleum and Petroleum Alternative Business Act, there is property difference in quality standard because petroleum sector's refine method or type of crude oil. It does not appear a big difference according to fuel, because it sets steady quality standard, it may affect the performance of automobile. Thus, in research We purchase a few diesel fuel which circulated in the market in summer season though directly-managed-gas station by petroleum sector, resolve property each of fuel, we compute Fuel Economy each of them. We analyze into change depend on applying for property as nowadays utilizing Energy Consumption Efficiency calculating formula of gasoline and diesel fuel. As result, Density each of sample fuel has a maximum difference roughly 0.9%, net heat value each of sample fuel has difference 1.6%, result of current Energy Consumption Efficiency each of sample fuel has a difference roughly 1% at city drive mode, 1.4% at highway drive mode. Result of use gasoline calculator formula shows less 6% result than nowadays utilizing Energy Consumption Efficiency calculating formula, each of sample's Energy Consumption Efficiency shows maximum roughly 1.4% result in city & highway drive mode.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.52-63
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• 2009

Recently in Korea, in the case of metropolis, the urban signalized intersections are controlled by traffic information center or ITS center. Cheon-an City also established traffic information center through the 1st.-$\sim$3rd. ITS public construction and has managed this center that includes bus information service, traffic information collection and providing service, parking information service, and traffic responsive control system. In the Cheon-an metropolitan traffic signal operation, traffic signal controllers were grouped by the each main traffic flow axes and performed with coordinated signal timing for the signalized arterials, and also cycle and split changed by realtime traffic demands. Cheon-an urban traffic responsive control system was evaluated by intersection delay and speed, then it was verified that the delay decreased and vehicle speed improved. However, the rural signal control system to connect adjacency town was evaluated to have lower status than urban area due to the unimproved TOD (Time of day) plan. Therefore actuated signal control was examined for substitutive control system in isolated signal intersection. The aim of this article is to compare actuated signal control with TOD mode in the rural intersection of Cheon-an and to fine superiority of these two control mode, with evaluation of vehicle delay by using HCM(2000) method and by micro-simulation CORSlM. The result of field test show that actuated signal control gave better performance in delay comparison than the existing TOD signal control. And simulation outcome verified that non-optimized TOD has higher delay than optimized TOD mode, non-optimal actuated mode, and optimal actuated signal control mode. Particularly, these three modes delays had not different values according to the paired sample t-test. This is because small traffic demands were loaded in each links. This suggested actuated signal control is expected to be more effective than TOD mode in some rural isolated intersections which frequently need to survey for traffic volume.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.579-586
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• 2018

Short-term prediction of travel speed has been widely studied using data-driven non-parametric techniques. There is, however, a lack of research on the prediction aimed at urban areas due to their complex dynamics stemming from traffic signals and intersections. The purpose of this study is to develop a hybrid approach combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting urban travel speed. The EEMD decomposes the time-series data of travel speed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residue. The decomposed IMFs represent local characteristics of time-scale components and they are predicted using an ANN, respectively. The IMFs can be predicted more accurately than their original travel speed since they mitigate the complexity of the original data such as non-linearity, non-stationarity, and oscillation. The predicted IMFs are summed up to represent the predicted travel speed. To evaluate the proposed method, the travel speed data from the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) in Daegu City are used. Performance evaluations are conducted targeting on the links that are particularly hard to predict. The results show the developed model has the mean absolute error rate of 10.41% in the normal condition and 25.35% in the break down for the 15-min-ahead prediction, respectively, and it outperforms the simple ANN model. The developed model contributes to the provision of the reliable traffic information in urban transportation management systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.33-44
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• 2013

Personal Rapid Transit(PRT) has emerged as a promising transportation mode for transit-oriented sustainable communities. In this study, an alternative design of questionnaire survey is proposed in order to capture traveler's perception of an unexperienced transportation mode. This study aims at predicting the mode choice diversion behavior of potential PRT users who do not have experience of using it previously, considering their willingness-to-pay. The proposed model was applied to predict an aggregate forecast of PRT patronage for the city of Songdo where PRT is considered to be constructed. For validation of the proposed model, the price elasticity of PRT demand was analyzed, compared with existing models. The analysis results suggest that the proposed design of questionnaire survey is able to capture respondents' attitude and perception to unexperienced transportation mode in an effective manner. Also, they show that the proposed diversion rate model is more realistic than existing models in explaining the effects of users' willingness-to-pay for predicting PRT patronage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

About 70% of energy input to internal combustion engine is rejected to atmosphere by heat. By utilizing this waste heat, a plenty of energy can be conserved in nationwide. One of possible ways is the thermoelectric generation to utilize engine's waste heat to provide auxiliary electric power. Under th is concept, we have been developing the thermoelectric generation system to replace the alternator by converting the waste heat in the engine's exhaust directly to electricity This system may reduce the shaft horse power of the engine, then improves the vehicle fuel economy and the exhaust emissions. In the present study, the characteristics of the electric energy and exhaust heal energy in city and highway mode driving conditions are analysed by using a gasoline passenger car. These results would be used to determine the optimum design parameters of the thermoelectric generation system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify children's different styles of anger-expression and the characteristics of each anger-expression style. The Q-methodology with a 32 Q-sample was used to investigate and analyze the subjective expression of childrens's anger experiences. The subjects were 22 children living in D city, and the data were collected by means of interviews. The analysis revealed six styles of anger-expression, a solution which accounted for 65.13% of the total variance. The six styles were labeled "Patience type", "Avoidance-conversion type", "Reaction-seek type", "Control type", "Repression type", and "Conversion-consideration type". It was recommended that intervention strategies for children's appropriate anger-expression mode should be based on these six anger-expression styles.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2005

Various urban transport policies have an effect on urban transit riderships. This study reports variations of metropolitan subway travel patterns affected by an enormous change in bus routes and transfer discount policy between subway and bus mode conducted by Seoul city in July 1st of 2004. In an effort to see the difference between the before and the after policies, two datasets are prepared. Firstly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of May of 2004 is used. Secondly, on a daily bassis, an origin-destination trip table of August-September of 2004 is used as a counter measure. Even if seasonal variation was not considered. there were increasing riderships of about 0.25 million on a daily basis. Subway line 2 and 7 have an important role in changes. The effects or system changes, however. largely varied on location and subway line numbers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2297-2302
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• 2010

The status and effectiveness of Bi-modal Tram is analyzed through the comparison of the transport effectiveness and operation cost between the public transportation systems (bus, light rail transit) considering the vehicle and operation characteristic of new transit system Bi-modal Tram. The standard operation schedule is established in consideration of the vehicle specification and operation characteristic of main public transportation modes, and then the annual average operation cost is estimated depending on the volume, speed, analysis length for respective public transportation mode. Through analyzing the operation cost and distribution characteristic of public transportation modes depending on the transport volume and travel speed, the operational efficiency suitable for the city is derived. It is concluded that the operational efficiency of Bi-modal Tram is superior to that of the bus and light rail transit on the aspect of travel volume and operation speed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1997

Soils collected from pusan metropolitan city were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn to determine their dispersion patterns, mode of occurrences and to investigate the pollution level of heavy metals by urbanization. Element couples of Zn-Cu and Pb-Cd showed good correlation respectively and pollution sources of Zn-Cu, and Pb-Cd were similar. Pb was highly enhanced in dense traffic areas. Soil chemistry around mineralized areas originating from basic host rocks are characterized by high content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn and As.