• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Automobile-oriented urban transport system, continued from the past in Korea, is giving rise to inefficiency and social costs in transport sector. With revitalizing usage of bicycle, human-powered transport mode, it is possible to enhance sustainable green growth, improvement of the city-competitiveness, and the quality of life. In this study, the possibility of bicycle usage promotion in Korean cities is examined at 7 points of views. As a result, though the bicycle usage is low now, we figured that there are many positive signs to increase bicycle usage in Korea. Also, we draw a diverse key policies for building green urban transport system that bicycle have a most important role on transport system. So policies to promote bicycle usage are reviewed to analyze on bicycle-oriented 5 cities, in which have high bicycle mode share. By this review, this study could draw 41 key effective policies to 3 aspects (bicycle infrastructure, safety and promotion, and policy sustainability). In addition to, importance of 21 key effective policies about bicycle infrastructure is suggested as considering city's characteristics.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.131-152
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• 2023

One of the key domains within a smart tourism city, smart mobility, encompasses advanced transportation means and services rooted in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This includes shared bicycles, scooters, car-sharing services, smart transportation infrastructure, and more, aiming to surpass limitations of conventional transport and improve the movement of people and goods. It also serves tourists as an affordable and convenient mode of transport between attractions while also enhancing the overall travel experience. This study has defined 'smart tourism mobility' as a form of mobility grounded in ICT, exhibiting exceptional connectivity, serving public interest, and serving as a mode of transport for both residents and tourists in a smart tourism city. The research aimed to outline the scope of smart tourism mobility-related industries through expert Delphi surveys and estimate their economic effects within a smart tourism city. Specifically, this study updated 2015 input-output table and made 2020 regional input-output table of Seoul adopting RAS method and location quotient method. The results showed that the about 2.8 billion KRW investment of Seoul in smart tourism mobility may create more than 4.1 billion KRW in production inducement effect which is expected to create more than 1.6 billion KRW of income-inducing effect, 3.6 billion KRW of value-added-inducing effect, and 54 employment across all industries in Seoul in 2022.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.198-206
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• 2016

Fuel economy label will be used as a national indicator in energy management, leading to the development of car technology manufacturer and plays a role in providing consumer vehicle purchase information. But the government's fuel economy label is continued consumer complaint is different and diminishing fuel economy were introduced by the government to measure the exact fuel economy label than resetting the 5-cycle test method in the US for the domestic vehicle standards. Originally two test mode in order to reduce the impact of the sharp increase in the resources required but methods of calculating a measured result value by driving all of the five test mode a variety of environmental conditions and the running pattern is reflected to the fuel economy label (city( FTP-75 mode), highway(HWFET mode)) and using 5-cycle correction formula for calculating a fuel consumption value and the equivalent value to calculate the result of the 5-cycle test. The compensation was calculated expression 30s, 5-Cycle Test Method of vehicles in 2011 was considered necessary to review the existing 5-cycle correction formula for the New Type car due to the recent rapid development of automotive technology. In this study, recent technology is targeting 14 units New Type car applied over the same test method and the existing check test mode specific fuel economy properties and, as a result of analyzing the corrected expression differences that have already been developed with the existing test vehicle resulting large did not show the difference was found to correction formula also not getting the existing fuel correction expression significant effect on the improvement of the current automobile technology as a maximum error of less than 1.5%.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between travel behavior and urban spatial characteristics in a hierarchical manner. Method: This study analyzed the relationship between traffic patterns and urban spatial characteristics for 83 cities in Korea by using a hierarchical linear model. Results: It was found that the urban spatial characteristics influenced the choice of transportation mode and travel time with personal attributes. However, the degree of influence on the choice of the means and the time required is relatively low through the policy of changing the city attribute, so the policy effect of mobilizing the land use policy for the traffic is theoretically, but the scale is not bigger than expected. Conclusion: In high density or the bigger scale of the city, the mass transportation system is widely supplied and used, but it does not overcome the drawback that it takes more time than the autos.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.410-418
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• 2016

This study was conducted to improve the analysis method used for N-nitrosamines and to investigate the occurrences of N-nitrosamines in tributaries of the Han-river, intake stations, water treatment plants and tap water used within the city of Seoul. The samples were pretreated through a solid phase extraction and analyzed using a gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The GC-MS/MS in CI mode was compared with the GC-MS/MS in EI mode by the method detection limits (MDLs). MDLs by GC-CI/MS/MS and GC-EI/MS/MS were 0.2 ~ 1.1 ng/L and 0.2 ~ 1.4 ng/L, respectively. Samples were collected from ten tributaries of the Han-river (T1 ~ T10), six intake stations (I1 ~ I6), six water treatment plants (P1 ~ P6) and 25 taps in Seoul city. The maximum levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were 0.013 μg/L, 0.008 μg/L, 0.006 μg/L and 0.002 μg/L in tributary water, raw water, finished water and tap water samples, respectively. Detected levels were much lower than 0.1 μg/L corresponding to the guideline value of WHO.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-301
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate size distribution characteristics of water-soluble ionic components in the airborne particulate matter (PM) collected from an urban area in Busan using a MOUDI cascade impactor from March to October 2010. The inorganic constituents in the fine particles (${\leq}1.8{\mu}m$) predominantly consisted of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and potassium. Sulfate and ammonium concentrations showed a high correlation and similar equivalent concentrations in the fine modes including $0.18{\sim}0.32{\mu}m$, $0.32{\sim}0.56{\mu}m$, and $0.56{\sim}1.0{\mu}m$. This indicates that the main chemical component in the fine particles would be forms of ammonium sulfate such as $(NH_4)_3H(SO_4)_2$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and $(NH_4)HSO_4$. Back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate in the fine mode, compared to the coarse mode, are caused both by domestic sources and long-range transports originated from China continent. High concentration episodes of PM both in the fine mode and the coarse mode were attributed both by anthropogenic sources, such as ship emissions and traffic emissions, and by natural sources such as seawater (sea salt), respectively.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.265-290
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• 2012

CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) between India and Korea may vitalize Korean economy more and more. Currently most of Korean firms have entered into manufacturing industries like electronics and automobiles. But only a few Korean companies are trying to penetrate into Indian green industry so this paper suggest how to enter into Indian green industry, especially renewable energy sectors. First, Exporting main shaft, tower-flange and polysilicon products can be considered, as a first step of entry mode. Second, entry mode based on contract like technology licensing, strategic alliance and joint venture establishment can be also one of options. For example, Korean solar energy industry which show more competitiveness than that of Indians should try to make technological licensing on PV modules. In addition to this, they should also try to make joint ventures with right Indian partners and build up 'Solar City' nearby regions like Gurgaon in India where many Korean firms are located. Korean shipbuilding firms like Hyundai Engineering which keep on developing wind turbo engines can also try to make strategic alliance with Indian firms like Suzlon which has strong competitiveness. After that, they should explore Korean and Indian wind sector markets together. Third, brownfield investment can be last and final option as a entry mode as we consider the peculiar characteristics of renewable energy industry. Lastly, Korean government which are rush to indulge into green business should formulate more proper and realistic policies to give big incentives the concerned firms which are trying to open international green market so government should make Korean green firms not to lose good market opportunities related to green industry like renewable energy sectors. Renewable energy sectors are basically regarded as infrastructures so close contact to Indian central government as well as state government will be also required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 1999

In this study, the trip characteristics of workers in the city are systematically analyzed. The trip behaviors and socioeconomic characteristics of workers are analyzed using Person Trip Survey Data of 1988 and 1992 in Taegu Metropolitan area. With the results of behavioral analyses, the daily travel pattern of workers is shown as one tour contained two trips and it is relatively simple and stable. Also the rate using the same mode in a day is Presented as high ratio. So, it can be explained that the choice of worker\`s first trip is fixed his/her travel mode for his/her daily travel mode. Based on these analyses, the mode choice model for workers is developed by applying the Multi-nominal Logit Model with the choice set of bus, taxi, and car. The explanatory variables of this model include sex, age, auto, travel time, and cost. Empirical tests of the model show encouraging results. After that, the temporal transferability of the model is examined by the Pairwise t-test and five indexes far the model of 1988 and 1992. The results of examination are satisfied with each significance level of the explanatory variables and five indexes. Therefore. it can be concluded that the temporal transferability of this model developed in this study is resonable.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2001

Due to the friction characteristics of pump, cylinder packing and passenger car, in the elevator actuated with hydraulic inverter-fed systems, there exist dead zones, which cannot be controlled by a PID controller. To overcome the drawbacks, in this paper, we propose a new hybrid control scheme, which switches the modes between a sliding mode controller and a PID controller. The proposed hybrid control scheme achieves an improved control performance by using both controllers. We first propose a design method of sliding mode controller for a hydraulic elevator system controlled by inverters, then fellowed by a design method of a hybrid sliding mode control scheme is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are shown by simulation results, which the proposed hybrid control method yields better control performance then the PID controlled scheme, not only in the zero-crossing speed region but also in the overall control region including steady-state region.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.57-61
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• 2017

The vehicle label fuel economy is used as an energy management indicator nationwide. It induces technology development of automobile manufacturers and plays a role of providing information when purchasing a consumer vehicle. However, consumers who purchase a new vehicle continued to complain that the label fuel economy is different from the mandatory fuel economy rate. The domestic fuel economy measurement method is the same as the North American measurement method. The results of the two test modes (urban (FTP-75 mode), highway (HWFET mode)) are calculated in five test modes reflecting various environmental conditions and driving patterns 5-cycle correction formula is used which is equivalent to the fuel efficiency value. In this study, to solve the consumers' curiosity about the fuel economy of new vehicle, we use domestic fuel economy measurement method to measure the new car condition within 150 km of driving distance and the cumulative driving distance condition of domestic label fuel economy test vehicle. A comparative evaluation of fuel economy was carried out for a durability vehicle of $6,500{\pm}1,000km$. A result, mean value of the fuel economy of the four gasoline vehicles increased by 2.7 % in the city center mode and by 2.5 % in the highway mode in the durable vehicle compared new vehicle. And in the case of the diesel vehicle it increased by 2.5 % and 3.9 % respectively. The harmful exhaust gas emitted from the vehicle also resulted in more emissions of both gasoline and diesel vehicles in new vehicles. It is considered that the increase of the frictional force of the vehicle driving system and the lubricating oil system would have an effect on the reduction of the fuel economy of the new vehicle, and it was found that the fuel economy and the exhaust gas were improved by proper cumulative distance (domesticate) to the new vehicle.