• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to find a system for screening organic resources with 16 species, 62 samples which were selected to randomizing point from city, province and industrial areas in the whole country. Content of organic matters were $65.3%{\sim}98.0%$ in all samples so that they were largely over than 60%, raw material regulation of compost. Concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were $0.7{\sim}4.8%\;and\;0.8{\sim}5.0$, they could look for effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus supply as a raw material of compost. In case of 8 elements concentrations of heavy metal, they were too high to use as raw materials of compost which were over to regulation limit in Cu, Cr, Ni, and As from fiber industry, Ni from food company and leather industry, and the others are adapt to limit levels. HEM contents fro the highest to $113mg\;kg^{-1}$ from liber industry and PAHs content were the highest to $3,462ug\;kg^{-1}$ from paper-mill manufacture. Distribution of PAHs concentiations were naphthalene>phenanthrene>pyrene>fluoroanthene>acenaphthene. $Microtox{(R)}\;EC_{50}$ values for bioassay were pharmaceutical company>paper-mill manufacture>industrial area sewage sludge>fiber industry>urban sewage sludge>metropolitan sewage sludge. HEM between Zn, Cu, and Ni was significant at the 99% and between Cd was significant at the 95%, Microtox between Hg and BEM significant at the 95%.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.390-397
• /
• 2012

Removal characteristics of lead-contaminated soil at the military shooting range located in the Changwon city were studied experimentally using soil washing process. As a washing solution, hydrogen chloride (HCl) concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 N were used, and soil : solution ratios were 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 4, and 1 : 5. Particle diameter of contaminated soil of 4-0.075 mm, and washing period of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min were used as operating parameters. The optimum concentration of HCl solution was 0.1 N (56.3% of Pb removal efficiency) with 15 minutes operation period in views of economics, and the optimum soil : solution ratio was determined as 1 g : 3 mL for 69.7% of Pb removal efficiency with 0.1 N HCl and 15 minutes washing period. As washing period increased, removal efficiency was increased until 20 min of the removal efficiency of 75.3%, and then almost stable. Pb removal efficiency in soil particle diameters of 0.075 mm or more was ranged from 77.0% to 82.0%, but it was decreased to 52.8% in diameter of less than 0.075 mm. Therefore, the optimum cut-off size of the soil particle diameter was found less than 0.075 mm. Combined HCl solution and ultrasonic washing method showed better removal efficiency compared to only water or HCl washing method for particle sizes above 0.075 mm.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.64-78
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of gravidas' knowledge. The subjects of this study consisted of 159 gravida visited 2 general hospitals, 2 OB/GY clinics and 2 midwives' clinics in J city for anenatal care. The data were collected from December 1 to 30, J.989. The instrument used for this study was true false type question which was developed by investigator through literature review. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA on significant difference with SPSS program. The results of this study were, summarized as follow: 1) The degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity was 36.75, the degree of gravidas' know ledge of physical care activicy was 16.70, and the degree of gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity was 20.00. 2) Among the physical care activity knowledge items, the diaper should be changed whenever it is soiled, $\lceil$shortly after feeding is over, bathing is bad$\rfloor$, $\lceil$gently patted or stroked on the back when bubbling$\rfloor$, $\lceil$10 minutes time in bathing is appropriate$\rfloor$, $\lceil$infant is crying whenever he is hungry per 3-4 hours$\rfloor$, and "room humidity controled 60 percent, more or less> were over a' percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the physical care, accivity knowledge items. $\lceil$a reason for burping was the air' he has swallowed will rise to the top of his stomach and be eructated$\rfloor$, $\lceil$burping is advisable after the feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$dressing of umbilical area is not necessary$\rfloor$, $\lceil$the thermometer should not be boiled for disinfection$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is important chat the infant grasp the whole nipple within his mouth$\rfloor$, $\lceil$using alcohol sponge is bad whenever diaper is soiled", and $\lceil$when temperature is taken by the rectal method, infant legs shoud be grasped firmly_! were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 3) Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$it is nice, mother smile at bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother praise a bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother express bady's behavior$\rfloor$, $\lceil$talk frequently to the bady, the bady :should not be disturbed while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother see a baby face to face , $\lceil$it is nice, mother concentrate one's attention on her baby while playing$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother pat one's baby while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable, the baby is allowed to touch mother's breast while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable to stop feeding, if the baby protrudes one's tongue or cries while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$baby is able to hear, see and smell$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother Concentrate one's attention on her baby while feeding$\rfloor$, and $\lceil$it is not advisable for mother to scold baby while he is crying out> were over a percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$Using' baby talks is bad when mother talks to baby> and $\lceil$it is nice, mother soothes the baby as soon as possible when he is crying I were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 4) There was statistically significant relationship between the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity and the demographic variables of gravida such as the age(p<0.01) and education level(p<0.01). From these results, it may be concluded that gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity is moderate level, and gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity is greater than that of physical care activity. Also prenatal nursing educations should focus on subjects who have lower percentage of right answer in infant care activity knowledge items.dge items.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.15-30
• /
• 2012

It has been 10 years since the facility modernization projects of traditional markets was rigorously undertaken. Although more than 835 traditional Korean markets nationwide have already completed these projects, there does not exist a specific set of standards of installation, future maintenance, and management. As a result, the complaints made by civil stakeholders in accordance of the actual facility installation caused problems and delays of related projects. In addition, while some local governments secured and implemented their own differing standards, others have not yet established their own separate standards for maintenance and management. Specifically, 694 traditional markets nationwide were supported for the cost of installing arcades by 2010. For the short period of time after the arcade-supported projects were deployed, the number of the traditional markets had been rapidly growing as a prime example of the facility modernization projects. The arcade facilities are being planned and installed merely for screening the rain or the sun. Without fundamental data for the newly landscaped environments or information on the actual conditions of usage and assessment, there is a lack of comprehensive approaches that could possibly organize the public environments. Furthermore, the amount of support needed for repairs, maintenance, and management from the central and local governments is gradually increasing. Thus, it becomes both crucial and necessary to complement the current set of standards. The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions of usage, maintenance, and management among those traditional market facilities that were installed with the supports of the facility-modernization projects, especially for arcades. This will be carried out through investigating the local problems, issues, and considering international case studies. The results of this study will provide measures for effective and efficient installation and management of traditional market arcades. Improvements in the use of public resources could be directed towards transforming public business, as well as public enhancement and functional maintenance and reinforcement. Under this condition, the arcade is not a simple area to avoid rain or sunlight; it becomes a public space. It is highlighted that the arcade should establish its public business not only to activate markets but also to refine street environments and revitalize local communities. A more specific way to improve is introduced through systematic supplementation. This is needed to attract effective participation from local residents and is done so by conducting a fair procedure from the first stage of business and by providing guidelines for establishing arcades as public facilities. The study points out to the problem of merchants-centered plans and street use. It presents the need to expand to involve residents and customers. Given that the arcade is a public facility and merchants' ability to maintain it is limited, manuals and systems for its maintenance needs to be introduced through multi-party agreement of merchants, government, residents and customers.

• Water for future
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.147-158
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study is to establish a method of estimating the daily urban water demand using statistical model. This method will be used for the development of the efficient management and operation of the water supply facilities. The data used were the daily urban water use, the population, the year lapse and the weather conditions such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc. Kwangju city was selected for the case study area. The raw data used in this study were rearranged either by month or by season for the purpose of analysis, and the statistical analysis was applied to the data to obtain the regression model. As a result, the multiple linear regression model was developed to estimate the daily urban water use based on the seather condition. The regression constant and the model coefficients were determined for each month of a year. The accuracy of the model was within 3% of average error and within 10% of maximum error. The developed model was found to be useful to the practical operation and management of the water supply facilities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2008

The resource plants of the Mt. Geonji was listed 354 taxa; 92 families, 242 genera, 303 species, 48 varieties and 3 forms. 354 taxa listed consists of 205 taxa of edible plants(57.1%),234 taxa of medicinal plants(65.2%), 167 taxa of ornamental plants(46.5%) and 218 taxa of the others(60.7%). Specific plant species by floral region were total 22 taxa; Trapella sinensis var. antennifera in class IV, Iris ensata var. spontanea in Class II, 16 taxa(Salix glandulosa, Alnus hirsuta, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Mallotus japonicus, Ilex macropoda, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami, Lysimachia barystachys, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 12 families, 23 genera, 28 species, 2 varieties, 30 taxa(Bromus unioloides, Phytolacca americana, Oenothera erythrosepala, Ipomoea hederacea var. hederacea, Aster pilosus, Erechtites hieracifolia) and naturalization rate was 8.5% of all 354 taxa vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Solanum carolinense and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between the use motives of the Internet of Things (IoT), which was presented as a technology strategy priority for university students, on usage attitudes, usability performance and life satisfaction. From April 1 to April 30, 2021, a non-face-to-face survey was conducted targeting university students living in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do, and the study was conducted in a total of 213 copies. The collected questionnaires were analyzed using IBM's SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. The research results are as follows. First, the motivation for using IoT was found to have an effect on usage attitude, and it was found to have an effect on life satisfaction and also on usage performance. Second, it was found that the attitude of using the Internet of Things had an effect on the usability performance. However, it was found that there was no effect on life satisfaction. Third, it was found that the use of IoT has an effect on the life satisfaction of college students. Fourth, it was found that the indirect effect on the attitude of use had an indirect effect on the relationship between the motivation for use and the performance of use. However, it was found that there was no indirect effect on the relationship between use motivation and life satisfaction. Fifth, the indirect effect on the usability performance was found to have an indirect effect on the relationship between use motivation and life satisfaction, Also, it was found that there was an indirect effect on the relationship between usage attitude and life satisfaction. Sixth, in the relationship between use motivation and life satisfaction, there was no double indirect effect via use attitude and utilization performance. Based on these results, the motivation for using the Internet of Things for college students and a solution to the information gap were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.309-322
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of science based on question-centered Havruta learning on the logical thinking and the science related attitude of elementary students. The number of participants were 93, 4 classes of 4th graders in G elementary school in C city. The experimental group, 2 classes including 46 participants, took science lessons based on question centered Havruta learning while the comparative group, 2 classes including 47 participants, took teacher-driven lessons using teacher's guidebook. Pre and post tests were done before and after executing lessons to assess the changing in each group's logical thinking and the science related attitude. And targeting experimental group, a perception survey toward Havruta learning was carried out and the results were arranged. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the pre and post test results of logical thinking revealed that the experimental group showed higher improvement compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. This implies that question centered Havruta classe has the effect of improving students' logical thinking. Second, from the pre and post test results of the science related attitude, we saw that the experimental group showed higher improvement compared to the comparative group and the difference was meaningful. This confirms that question centered Havruta class has the effect of improving students' science related attitude. Third, the survey regarding perspectives of experimental group students toward Havruta learning showed that students had a high satisfaction level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.499-506
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of influent C/N ratio on the removal of organic and nitrogenous compounds by two nonwoven fabric filter bioreactors. The reactors were alternately aerated at an aeration/nonaeration period ratio of 60 min/60 min, and fed with wastewater only during nonaeration period. The influent C/N ratio (COD/TKN) was gradually reduced from 10 to 2. The influent was prepared by diluting the leachate from a foodwaste treatment facility in I city so that the COD concentration could be about 2,500 mg/L. The C/N ratio of the wastewater was adjusted by adding ammonium chloride. The results of the experiment showed that the COD and BOD concentration of the effluent was $40{\sim}54\;mg/L$ and $1{\sim}4\;mg/L$, respectively at the C/N ratios of $10{\sim}3$, and the effluent SS concentration was always below 2.0 mg/L. The T-N removal efficiencies were 96% or higher at C/N ratios of $10{\sim}5$, but decreased to 83% and 81%, respectively at the C/N ratios of 3 and 2.8. At the C/N ratios of 2.6 and 2, the effluent quality deteriorated due to ammonia toxicity. The fraction of nitrifying microorganism in the reactors increased from 10% to 20% as the C/N ratio decreased from 5 to 2.6. Alkalinity consumed were $3.12{\sim}3.49\;g$ alkalinity/g T-N removed at the C/N ratios of $10{\sim}5$, which are lower than the theoretical value of 3.57. However, the ratio increased to 4.63 and 4.87 g alkalinity/g T-N removed, respectively at the C/N ratios of 3 and 2.8.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.568-579
• /
• 2019

The present study aims to identify the effect of land cover categories on particulate matter (PM) concentrations by analyzing the correlation between monthly PM concentrations in Seoul's air quality monitoring network and the percentages of land cover categories by buffers around air quality monitoring stations. According to a monthly correlation analysis between land cover categories and PM concentrations, in the buffer 3km, PM₁₀ showed a better correlation than PM_2.5, there was a clear negative correlation with the forest area, the grassland and the urbanized area had some positive correlation with PM₁₀, and the barren land and the urbanized area had some positive correlation with PM_2.5. According to a monthly correlation analysis of dominant land cover sub-categories and sub-sub-categories within the buffer 3km, PM₁₀ showed a clear negative correlation with the broad-leaved forest, and some positive correlation with the road was dominant. PM_2.5 showed partly negative correlation with the broad-leaved forest and partly positive correlation with the commercial area. There was a very low or no correlation with other grassland and bare land subcategories. A monthly stepwise regression analysis on noticeable land cover sub-categories and sub-sub-categories with positive or negative correlations revealed that an increasing percentage of the broad-leaved forest had a clear effect on reducing PM₁₀ concentrations, and the road was excluded from the selected variables. Although an increasing percentage of the commercial area had some effect on increasing monthly PM_2.5 concentrations and an increasing percentage of the broad-leaved forest had an effect on decreasing the PM_2.5 concentrations, their effect size was smaller than that on PM₁₀. The forest area around the city center had the largest and clearest effect on reducing PM concentrations. The urbanized area's sub-categories and sub-sub-categories were also confirmed to have some effect on increasing PM concentrations.