• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.533-537
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a new natural preservative system to improve the weak points of natural polyhydric alcohols together with the efficiency of natural plants as a preservative. Polyhydric alcohols (glyceryl caprylate and ethylhexylglycerin) and antimicrobial plants (S. radix, A. nilotica and C. reticulata) were tested using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method for their antimicrobial activity against the common poultry pathogens, respectively. A study of the preservative efficacy of the cosmetic formulations containing the optimized preservative system demonstrated sufficient preservative efficacy against bacteria and eukaryotic test microbes. These results suggest that the natural preservative system including polyhydric alcohol extracts containing natural plants could be incorporated in cosmetic formulations.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex TANAKA) is a citrus fruit that is cultivated in northeast Asia. Citron is known for containing abundant antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonoids, for example hesperidin and hesperetin, and terpenoids such as limononin. When mature citron is processed for tea or other beverage food products in Korea, massive amounts of seeds and pericarp are remained as waste. This study aimed to exploit the processed remnant of Citron for developing functional cosmetic applications. Ethanol extracts of Yuza seed and pericarp did not show significant radical scavenging activities measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. But they contained significantly high phenolic compounds. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with 25 mJ UVB and the citron extracts were added to the medium of each culture. Cellular damages caused by UVB irradiation were prevented by the addition of the Yuza extract. In addition, the reduction of the enhanced MMP-1 expression after irradiation of UVB in human dermal fibroblasts was observed. Also the increased level of pro-inflammtory TNF-$\alpha$ in the UVB irradiated HaCaT cells was decreased. The collagen expression was enhanced by the extract. Yuza extract markedly inhibited melanin production from $\alpha$-MSH treated B16F1 melanoma cells. Melanin assay, tyrosinase zymography results indicated that Yuza extract had strong depigmenting activity. In conclusion, Yuza ethanol extracts have good anti-photoaging and strong anti-melanogenic efficacies.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract used as a chemical and natural disinfectants on human conjunctival cells in vitro. The main component of grapefruit seed extract is a narigin. It is one of the flavonoid types in citrus fruits and f1avonoids are widely recognized as naturally occurring(삭제) antioxidants. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial activity(MTT assay) and DNA damage was analyzed by measuring Comet assay. In LDH assay, 5% of grapefruits seed extract has been observed as a material is giving recovery effect of damaged cultured conjuctival cells by hydrogen peroxide. And also, each of concentrations has been treated simultaneously with same amounts and cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract have been estimated by LDH leakage assay after 24 hours. In conclusion, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis were Significantly prevented by grapefruit seed extract. It is a main component of bioflavonoids that we can simply take it as food. The present results suggest that grapefruit seed extract is a useful disinfectanct having antioxidant and antiapoptopic activity as a natural product.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1972

In five varietes of Citrus junos sieb grown in different area in Korea, the general components, total acids and inorganic components were calculated and compared with one other. In the orchard soils, the physical and chemical properties were studied. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Generally, the rind was weighter than tile flesh compared with the other fruits and the proportion of the rind was 49%. 2. Total contents of organic acids in rind and flesh were 12.29me and 39.79me respectively. 3. The order of the contents of inorganic components in the flesh and rind was $CaO>K_2O>MgO>P_2O_5>SO_4$ 4. The contents of crude protein and crude fat were increased with those of MgO and $SO_4$ in fruits. 5. The quantity of protein in the soil seed to influence greatly in rind formation not only in citrus fruits but also Citrus junos sieb. 6. In growing Citrus junos sieb, C.L. seemed to he the most adequate soil. 7. The pH range of the soil was from 5.05 to 7.20 generally. 8. The contents of crude protein and crude fat in citrus fruits seemed to be increased with those of organic material and total-nitrogen in the soil.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2024

In this study, six types of natural products, Prunus tomentosa (P. tomentosa), Akebia quinata (A. quinata), Prunus armeniaca (P. armeniaca), Smallanthus sonchifolius (S. sonchifolius), Citrus japonica (C. japonica), and Citrus australasica (C. australasica), were used to verify the effect of improving sleep and skin barriers by stress relief. As a result of the experiment, the production of cortisol, a stress hormone, was significantly inhibited by the P. tomentosa, C. australasica, A. quinata, and C. japonica among the six natural products. In addition, the expression of GAD67, a GABA-producing enzyme involved in sleep regulation, showed a significant increase in P. tomentosa purified water extract and C. australasica 50% ethanol extract, and the extract by each P. tomentosa solvent was found to have the highest total polyphenol content. Based on the results, the P. tomentosa extract with the highest activity was finally selected, and subsequent experiments were conducted. Among each P. tomentosa solvent extract, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in the 30% ethanol extract, and purified water extract increased GABA production and skin barrier factors filaggrin and claudin-1 expression the highest. HPLC analysis confirmed quercitrin as the main component of P. tomentosa extract, and quercitrin content by extraction solvent was high in the order of 30% ethanol > purified water > 70% ethanol > 50% ethanol. Quercitrin inhibited the production of cortisol in a concentration-dependent manner, significantly increasing GAD67 expression and GABA production, which had been reduced by cortisol. From the results of this study, it has been demonstrated that P. tomentosa can be used as a cosmetic material to help improve sleep and strengthen skin barriers by relieving stress.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2007

The contents of limonin, nomilin and limonin glucoside in different tissues of dangyuja (Citrus spp.) were measured during fruit growth and maturation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS). Both nomilin and limonin contents increased from June, peaked in October and in December, respectively, and then decreased afterwards. In contrast, the content of limonin glucoside increased from October and remained at high levels throughout the maturation. The contents of limonin, nomilin and limonin glucoside in peel decreased gradually throughout the growth and the trends of changes were similar to each other. However, all three limonoid contents in juice sac increased dramatically at the end of fruit maturation. The highest concentration of limonin and nomilin was observed in seed, followed by segment membrane, whereas the highest limonin glucoside concentration was observed in segment membrane, followed by juice sac.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

Methanol extracts from 43 materials of 17 fruit trees were tested for their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural and four stored-product anthropod pests. Efficacy varied with insect species, plant species, and tissue sampled. At a concentration of 2,500 ppm, strong activity was observed with extracts of Chaenomeles sinensis and Punica granatum seeds against Myzus persicae adult females, Vitis vinifera seeds against Nilaparvata lugens adults, Citrus junos, Citrus paradisi, Cucumis melo Linne var. reticulatus, Diospyros kaki, Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Prunug persica, and V. vinifera seeds against Plutella xylostella, Citrus sinensis seeds against Spedoptera litura larvae, and Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Tetranychus urticae adults. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, seed extracts of Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Sitophilus oryzae adults, and Ch. sinensis, C. junos, D. kaki, and V. vinifera against Callosobruchus chinensis adults gave over 80% mortality. Extracts of all samples exhibited little and no activity against Lasioderma serricorne adults and Plodia interpunctella larvae.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2006

To accept basic data of utilizing of citron (Citrus junos) as a raw material of industrial produce, major chemical components of citron were investigated. Weight ration of poet flesh md seed of citron were 44.7, 42.9 and 12.4%, respectively. Comparing proximate composition of peel and flesh of citron, peel showed higher in crude protein crude fat and crude ash than flesh but lower in moisture, carbohydrate and soluble solid. The major free sugars of citron were fructose, glucose and sucrose. Peel contained higher in sucrose than flesh, but lower in fructose and glucose. The content of K md P were 309 and 15.9 mg% in peel and 175 and 22.4 mg% in fresh, respectively. The main organic acids of citron were citrate, malate and oxalate. Total organic acid content of flesh (6.6%) was higher than that of peel (4.6%). Total amino acid content of peel and flesh were 671.9 and 315.7 mg%, respectively. Free amino acid content of peel and flesh were 324.3 and 280.7 mg%, respectively, and the major ones were proline, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and histidine. Total 49 volatile compounds were detected and 26 of these ones were identified in cion. The major volatile component of citron was limonene, which consists of 80% among the total volatiles in peel by all extract methods.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of semi-dried small squid Idiosepius paradoxus treated with grapefruit Citrus paradisi seed extract (GSE) during refrigerated storage for 6 months. The moisture content and water activity decreased significantly in both control and GSE-treated groups with increasing storage time, but there was no significant difference between groups. During storage, the degree of water activity reduction was lower in the GSE-treated group than in the control. The pH change was similar in both groups during storage. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of the GSE-treated group was lower than that of the control until 4 months of storage, and was subsequently higher than in the control group. The Hunter color L value did not differ significantly during storage between groups, whereas the a and b values decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both groups with increasing storage time. The hardness value of the semi-dried small squid increased with storage time, but there was no statistical difference between GSE treatment and control. There were more viable cells in the control group than the GSE-treated group after 5 months of storage. According to the sensory evaluation, neither the taste, color, odor, nor texture differed statistically during storage between groups, while overall acceptability was significantly lower in the GSE-treated group than the control after 6 months of storage.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.489-501
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• 2002

The list of monthly offering items of the Chunshin(薦新) ceremony, the service of offering the first food product of year to ancestors, shown in the Walryong(月令) in Oreaeui(五禮儀), the book written in early years of the Chosun dynasty, was studied and classified by food group. Six kinds of the cereals and grain products - barley, wheat, an early-ripening rice plant, a barnyard millet, and millet seed were offered. The meat products offered were wild geese, pheasants, swans, hares and dried-pheasants. Though not shown in e Walryong, roe deer and deer were offered from hunting trips in e winter. Eight kinds of sea-fish, six kinds of fresh-water first and six kinds of other seafood such as crab, octopus, and squid were offered. Ten kinds of vegetables: bamboo shoots, e99plants, cucumbers, etc. - were offered. Eleven kinds of tree fruits - cherries, apricots, Pears, etc., seven kinds of citrus fruits - tangerines, citrons, etc., seven kinds of nuts - chestnuts, pine-nuts, etc. and two kinds of melons - watermelons etc. - were offered. The hi인est variety in the offering items was the fruits category The remaining offering items included wine brewed from new rice. new brown seaweed, and green tea.