• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2000

옥수수 수염의 일반적인 생육특성과 함유된 각종 일반성분 및 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산 및 향기성분에 관한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 본 시험을 수행하였으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 수염은 출사 후 3일 이내에 수정이 완료되고 길이 신장이 정지되나 수정되지 않은 수염은 지속적으로 신장하여 출사 후 8일에 23-25cm였다. 2. 출사기에 옥수수 수염의 수분함량은 92-94%, 출사후 30일에는 70-75%였다. 3.옥수수 수염은 엽록소 b의 함량이 높고, 엽록소 a/b의 비율은 사료용 옥수수＞ 단옥수수＞ 초당옥수수＞ 찰옥수수 순이었다. 4. 유리당은 glucose와 fructose가 주종을 이루고, 그 구성비율은 glucose가 55% fructose가 42% 이었으며 sucrose 및 maltose는 4% 미만으로 낮았다. 5. 가용성 고형물 함량은 미수정 수염이 13.7-16.8 Brix %, 수정된 수염은 12.6-13.7 Brix %로 1.1-3.1 Brix % 차이가 있었다. 6. 옥수수 수염의 유기산은 phytic, oxalic, malic, shikimic, glutaric 및 acetic acid가 검출되었는데, 이중 phytic, oxalic 및 glutaric acid가 주요 유기산이었고 유기산의 함량은 사료용 옥수수＞ 초당옥수수＞ 찰옥수수＞ 단옥수수 순으로 높았다. 7. 단백질 함량은 3.36-4.17%로서 출사후 3일에 최대치를 나타내었고, 단백질 함량은 사료용 옥수수＞ 찰옥수수＞ 단옥수수＞ 초당옥수수 순으로 높았다. 8. 아미노산중 serine, glycine 및 threonine 3종은 10% 이상 함유되어있었으며 glycine의 구성비율이 12.3%로 가장 높았고 황(S)함유 아미노산인 methionine과 cystine 함량은 각각 2.1% 및 1.3%로 함량이 낮았다. 9. 향기성분으로 acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, DMS, isobutylaldehyde, cis-3-hexanol, 3-hexe-1-ol, acetate, trans-2-hexanol, pentanol 등이 검출되었고, 사료용의 주요 향기성분은 acetaldehyde와 DMS, 찰옥수수는 acetaldehyde, ethanol 및 DMS였다. 10. 옥수수 수염의 길이는 유기산 함량과 r=0.556, 아미노산 함량과는 r=-0.514로 유의성이 인정되었고, 유리당 함량은 유기산 함량과 r=0.703, flavonoid 함량과 r=0.544로 유의한 정의상관이 있었다. 특히, flavonoid 함량은 엽록소 함량과 정의 상관(r=0.523)이 인정되어 엽록소는 flavonoid 함량의 판단지표로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 각 추출방법에 따른 섬백리향(Thymus magnus Nakai)의 향기 성분들을 분석하여, 이를 토대로 본연의 향에 아주 가까우면서 맡기에 좋은 향으로 재현하고자 초임계유체추출법, 혼합 증류법, 동시증류추출법으로 정유를 추출한 후 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과 먼저 초임계유체추출법의 $40^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar 조건에서 추출한 정유 성분 중 linalool (0.1%), trans-sabinene hydrate (0.9%)가 다른 조건에서 추출한 정유성분과 비교하였을 때 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있었으며, $50^{\circ}C$ - 400 bar 조건에서는 borneol (3.82%), terpinen-4-ol (0.3%), caryophyllene oxide (2.2%), $50^{\circ}C$- 300 bar 조건에서는 ${\beta}$-bisabolene (5.88%), 1-octen-3 -ol (0.31%), caryophyllene (2.91%), p-cymene (2.04%), ${\gamma}$-terpinene (0.52%), $50^{\circ}C$ - 200 bar 조건에서는 thymol (77.63%), carvacrol (5.65%)이 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 혼합 증류법으로 추출한 정유 성분 중에는 ${\alpha}$-bisabolol (0.17%), caryophyllene (6.46%), cis-${\alpha}$-bisabolene (1.52%), ${\beta}$-bisabolene (20.65%)이 초임계유체추출법으로 추출한 정유 성분 보다 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 동시 증류추출법을 통해서는 정유를 얻지 못하였다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 각각의 추출법을 통해서 확인된 향기 성분들을 모두 취합하여 섬백리향 본연의 향에 좀 더 가깝도록 세밀하게 재현하는데 있어 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2009

Sixteen antioxidative active compounds isolated from the EtOAc layer of MeOH extracts of kochujang, Korean fermented red pepper paste, were structurally elucidated as fumaric acid, methyl succinate, succinic acid furan-2-yl ester methyl ester (gochujangate, a novel compound), 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (esculetin), caffeic acid, cis-p-coumaric acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, daidzin, genistin, apigenin 7-O-$\beta$-D-apiofuranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-$\beta$-Dglucopyranoside, and quercetin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. These compounds were analyzed for the first time as antioxidants from kochujang.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2015

Hamamelis japonica (Hamamelidaceae), widely known as Japanese witch hazel, is a deciduous flowering shrub that produces compact clumps of yellow or orange-red flowers with long and thin petals. As a part of our ongoing search for phenolic constituents from this plant, eleven phenolic constituents including six flavonol glycosides, a chalcone glycoside, two coumaroyl flavonol glycosides and two galloylated compounds were isolated from the flowers. Their structures were elucidated as methyl gallate (1), myricitrin (2), hyperoside (3), isoquercitrin (4), quercitrin (5), spiraeoside (6), kaempferol 4'-O-β-glucopyranoside (7), chalcononaringenin 2'-O-β-glucopyranoside (8), trans-tiliroside (9), cis-tiliroside (10), and pentagalloyl-O-β-D-glucose (11), respectively. These structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic studies including the on-line LCNMR-MS and conventional NMR techniques. Particularly, directly coupled LC-NMR-MS afforded sufficient structural information rapidly to identify three flavonol glycosides (2 - 4) with the same molecular weight in an extract of Hamamelis japonica flowers without laborious fractionation and purification step. Cytotoxic effects of all the isolated phenolic compounds were evaluated on HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and pentagalloyl-O-β-D-glucose (11) was found to be significantly potent in inhibiting cancer cell growth.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3372-3376
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• 2011

We have studied the relative stability and atomic structures of five $C_{20}X_2$ regioisomers obtained as diadducts of a $C_{20}$ cage (X = H, F, Cl, Br, and OH). All the regioisomers are geometric isomers, i.e., they differ in their spatial arrangement. Full-geometry optimizations of the regioisomers have been performed using the hybrid density-functional (B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)) method. Our results suggest that the cis-1 regioisomer (the 1,2-diadduct) is the most stable and that the second most stable is the trans-2 (1,13-diadduct) regioisomer, implying that the long-range interaction between the two adducts and the resonance effect are more pronounced than the diadduct-induced strain in the $C_{20}$ cage. The HOMO and LUMO characteristics of each regioisomer with the same symmetry of structural regioisomers except $C_{20}(OH)_2$ are topologically same. This suggests that by using an entirely different set of characteristic chemical reactions for each regioisomer, we can distinguish between the five regioisomers for each $C_{20}$ diadduct derivative.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The analysis for the concentration and enantiomeric ratio of OCPs have been performed to confirm the distribution and to emonstrate the pollution characteristics of chiral OCPs in ambient air. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ambient air at coastal and inland sites, concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of heptachlor (HEPT), eptachlor epoxide (HEPX), trans-chlordane (TC), cis-chlordane (CC), xychlordane (OXY), 2,4'-DDT, 2,4'-DDD with HRGC/HRMS were investigated to understand source and distribution of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ambient air. The mean concentrations of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.027(heptachlor)~1.279 (4,4'-DDT) pg/m3 and 0.0005 (heptachlor)~0.1043 ng/g d.w. (TC), respectively. The mean EFs of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.73 (HEPX)~0.45 (CC). Both preferential depletions of (+) and (-) enantiomer were observed for CC, indicated by EFs either <0.5 or >0.5, while preferential depletions of (-) enantiomer which mean EFs <0.5 were observed for chiral OCPs except TC and MC-5. CONCLUSION: OCPs in ambient air have been distributed from soil, but some of them such as chlordane, DDT etc. might have been introduced by long-range atmospheric transport, considering EFs by chiral analysis and trajectory analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2023

Objective : We performed an expanded multi-ethnic meta-analysis to identify associations between inflammation-related loci with intracranial aneurysm (IA) susceptibility. This meta-analysis possesses increased statistical power as it is based on the most data ever evaluated. Methods : We searched and reviewed relevant literature through electronic search engines up to August 2022. Overall estimates were calculated under the fixed- or random-effect models using pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed according to ethnicity. Results : Our meta-analysis enrolled 15 studies and involved 3070 patients and 5528 controls including European, Asian, Hispanic, and mixed ethnic populations. Of 17 inflammation-related variants, the rs1800796 locus (interleukin [IL]-6) showed the most significant genome-wide association with IA in East-Asian populations, including 1276 IA patients and 1322 controls (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75; p=3.24#x00D7;10^-9) under a fixed-effect model. However, this association was not observed in the European population (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.80-1.47; p=0.5929). Three other variants, rs16944 (IL-1β), rs2195940 (IL-12B), and rs1800629 (tumor necrosis factor-α) showed a statistically nominal association with IA in both the overall, as well as East-Asian populations (0.01<p<0.05). Conclusion : Our updated meta-analysis with increased statistical power highlights that rs1800796 which maps on the IL-6 gene is associated with IA, and in particular confers a protective effect against occurrence of IA in the East-Asian population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1712-1720
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of the amount of body condition loss in the dry period and early lactation in 42 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows on milk yield and the share of fatty acids in milk fat. Energy reserves were estimated based on the body condition scoring (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT). Milk yield and milk composition were determined over 305-d lactation. From d 6 to 60 of lactation, the concentrations of 43 fatty acids in milk fat were determined by gas chromatography. Cows were categorized based on body condition loss from the beginning of the dry period to the lowest point of the BCS curve in early lactation into three groups: low condition loss group (L) ${\leq}0.5$ points (n = 14); moderate condition loss group (M) 0.75 to 1.0 points (n = 16) and high condition loss group (H) >1.0 points (n = 12). Cows whose body energy reserves were mobilized at 0.8 BCS and 11 mm BFT, produced 12,987 kg ECM over 305-d lactation, i.e. 1,429 kg ECM more than cows whose BCS and BFT decreased by 0.3 and 5 mm, respectively. In group H, milk yield reached 12,818 kg ECM at body fat reserve mobilization of 1.3 BCS and 17 mm BFT. High mobilization of body fat reserves led to a significant (approx. 5%) increase in the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids-MUFA (mostly $C_{18:1}$ cis-9, followed by $C_{18:1}$ trans-11), a significant decrease in the levels of fatty acids adversely affecting human health, and a drop in the content of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in milk fat. In successive weeks of lactation, an improved energy balance contributed to a decrease in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and an increase in the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1299-1307
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary antioxidant and energy density on performance and antioxidative status in transition cows. Forty cows were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. High or low energy density diets (1.43 or 1.28 Mcal $NE_L$/kg DM, respectively) were formulated with or without antioxidant (AOX, a dry granular blend of ethoxyquin and tertiary-butylhydroquinone; 0 or 5 g/cow per d). These diets were fed to cows for 21 days pre-partum. During the post-partum period, all cows were fed the same lactation diets, and AOX treatment followed as for the pre-partum period. Feeding a high energy diet depressed the DMI, milk yield, and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) of cows. However, AOX inclusion in the diet improved the milk and 4% FCM yields. There was an interaction of energy density by AOX on milk protein, milk fat and total solids contents. Feeding a high energy diet pre-partum increased plasma glucose and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, whereas dietary AOX decreased plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate value during the transition period. There were also interactions between time and treatment for plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content during the study. Cows fed high energy diets pre-partum had higher plasma glutathione peroxidase activity 3 days prior to parturition, compared with those on low energy diets. Inclusion of AOX in diets decreased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in cows 3 and 10 days pre-partum. Addition of AOX significantly decreased malondialdehyde values at calving. Energy density induced marginal changes in fatty acid composition in the erythrocyte membrane 3 days post-partum, while AOX only significantly increased cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid composition. The increase in fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane was only observed in the high energy treatment. It is suggested that a diet containing high energy density pre-partum may negatively affect the anti-oxidative status, DMI and subsequent performance. Addition of AOX may improve the anti-oxidative status and reduce plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, eventually resulting in improved lactation performance; the response to AOX addition was more pronounced on the high energy diet.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

연구 목적: 본 연구진은 초기 난포 발달 과정의 각 발달 단계별 난포를 분리하여 cDNA microarray를 이용한 유전자 발현 목록을 보유하고 있다. 본 연구는 이들 유전자 중에서 전사인자들의 목록에 주목하여 이들의 하위표적유전자를 생명정보학적 기법을 이용해 동정함으로써 이 후 초기난포발달의 조절 기전 연구를 위한 중요한 전사인자를 결정하고자 실시하였다. 재료 및 방법: 26개의 전사인자들에 대해서 Gene Ontology, MGI, 그리고 Entrez Gene 등의 유전자 데이터베이스 검색을 통해 전사인자들을 구성하는 도메인을 확인하였고, 전사인자 데이터베이스 ($TRANSFAC^{(R)}$ 6.0)와 진핵세포 프로모터 데이터베이스 검색을 실시하여, 전사인자의 cis-acting 및 trans-acting 하위표적유전자를 분석하였다. 결과: 26개 전사인자들에 대해서 DNA 결합 도메인과 단백질 상호작용 도메인을 확인하였다. 또 전사인자 데이터베이스와 프로모터 데이터베이스 검색으로부터 하위표적유전자에 대한 정보를 얻었다. 위와 같은 생명정보학적 분석 결과로부터 흥미로운 하위표적유전자를 갖는 3개의 전사인자로 목표를 압축할 수 있었다. 그 중에서 HNF4는 MPF 억제 조절자로 알려져 있는 Wee1 단백질 인산화 효소의 유사 유전자 프로모터 부위에 결합하는 전사인자이며, TBX2는 cdk 억제자 유전자의 발현을 억제하는 전사인자로 알려져 있어, 초기 난포발달 과정의 MPF 기능조절에 매우 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. 결론: 본 연구는 생명정보학적 분석을 통하여 전사인자의 하위표적인자를 알아내고, 이를 이용하여 26개 전사인자 중에서 다음 연구를 위한 목표를 결정하는 접근방법을 제시했다는데 의미가 있다고 사료된다. 실제로 이렇게 결정된 전사인자들이 초기난포발달을 조절하는 분자생물학적 기전에 어떻게 관여하는지를 연구하기 위해서는 EMSA 등과 같은 실험적 증명을 통한 확인과 보충 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.