• 제목/요약/키워드: Circular Coil

검색결과 69건 처리시간 0.028초

Binding Specificity of Philyra pisum Lectin to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Its Secondary Structure

  • Park, Byung Tae;Kim, Byung Sun;Park, Heajin;Jeong, Jaehoon;Hyun, Hanbit;Hwang, Hye Seong;Kim, Ha Hyung
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.547-551
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    • 2013
  • We recently reported a Philyra pisum lectin (PPL) that exerts mitogenic effects on human lymphocytes, and its molecular characterization. The present study provides a more detailed characterization of PPL based on the results from a monosaccharide analysis indicating that PPL is a glycoprotein, and circular dichroism spectra revealing its estimated ${\alpha}$-helix, ${\beta}$-sheet, ${\beta}$-turn, and random coil contents to be 14.0%, 39.6%, 15.8%, and 30.6%, respectively. These contents are quite similar to those of deglycosylated PPL, indicating that glycans do not affect its intact structure. The binding properties to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns were investigated with hemagglutination inhibition assays using lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria, and both mannan and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan from fungi. PPL binds to lipoteichoic acids and mannan, but not to lipopolysaccharides or ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. PPL exerted no significant antiproliferative effects against human breast or bladder cancer cells. These results indicate that PPL is a glycoprotein with a lipoteichoic acid or mannan-binding specificity and which contains low and high proportions of ${\alpha}$-helix and ${\beta}$-structures, respectively. These properties are inherent to the innate immune system of P. pisum and indicate that PPL could be involved in signal transmission into Gram-positive bacteria or fungi.

Characterization of the Wild-Type and Truncated Forms of a Neutral GH10 Xylanase from Coprinus cinereus: Roles of C-Terminal Basic Amino Acid-Rich Extension in Its SDS Resistance, Thermostability, and Activity

  • Hu, Hang;Chen, Kaixiang;Li, Lulu;Long, Liangkun;Ding, Shaojun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.775-784
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    • 2017
  • A neutral xylanase (CcXyn) was identified from Coprinus cinereus. It has a single GH10 catalytic domain with a basic amino acid-rich extension (PVRRK) at the C-terminus. In this study, the wild-type (CcXyn) and C-terminus-truncated xylanase ($CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$) were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and their characteristics were comparatively analyzed with aims to examine the effect of this extension on the enzyme function. The circular dichorism analysis indicated that both enzymes in general had a similar structure, but $CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$ contained less ${\alpha}-helices$ (42.9%) and more random coil contents (35.5%) than CcXyn (47.0% and 32.8%, respectively). Both enzymes had the same pH (7.0) and temperature ($45^{\circ}C$) optima, and similar substrate specificity on different xylans. They all hydrolyzed beechwood xylan primarily to xylobiose and xylotriose. The amounts of xylobiose and xylotriose accounted for 91.5% and 92.2% (w/w) of total xylooligosaccharides (XOS) generated from beechwood by CcXyn and $CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$, respectively. However, truncation of the C-terminal 5-amino-acids extension significantly improved the thermostability, SDS resistance, and pH stability at pH 6.0-9.0. Furthermore, $CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$ exhibited a much lower $K_m$ value than CcXyn (0.27 mg/ml vs 0.83 mg/ml), and therefore, the catalytic efficiency of $CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$ was 2.4-times higher than that of CcXyn. These properties make $CcXyn-{\Delta}5C$ a good model for the structure-function study of $({\alpha}/{\beta})_8$-barrel-folded enzymes and a promising candidate for various applications, especially in the detergent industry and XOS production.

Simulation study of magnetorheological testing cell design by incorporating all basic operating modes

  • Mughni, Mohd J.;Mazlan, Saiful A.;Zamzuri, Hairi;Yazid, Izyan I.M.;Rahman, Mohd A.A.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.901-916
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    • 2014
  • Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is one of the field-responsive fluids that is of interest to many researchers due to its high yield stress value, which depends on the magnetic field strength. Similar to electrorheological (ER) fluid, the combination of working modes is one of the techniques to increase the performance of the fluids with limited focus on MR fluids. In this paper, a novel MR testing cell incorporated with valve, shear and squeeze operational modes is designed and constructed in order to investigate the behaviour of MR fluid in combined mode. The magnetic field distribution in the design concept was analyzed using finite element method in order to verify the effective areas of each mode have the acceptable range of flux density. The annular gap of valve and shear were fixed at 1 mm, while the squeeze gap between the parallel circular surfaces was varied up to 20 mm. Three different coil configurations, which were made up from 23 SWG copper wires were set up in the MR cell. The simulation results indicated that the magnetic field distributed in the squeeze gap was the highest among the other gaps with all coils were subjected to a constant applied current of 1 A. Moreover, the magnetic flux densities in all gaps were in a good range of magnitude based on the simulations that validated the proposed design concept. Hence, the 3D model of the MR testing cell was designed using Solidworks for manufacturing processes.

기상계측시스템을 위한 풍향.풍속모듈 및 DSP 센서 인터페이스시스템 설계 (The Design of a Wind Speed & Direction Module and a DSP Sensor Interface System for the Meteorological System)

  • 송도호;주재훈;옥기태;김상갑;최중경
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제11권8호
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    • pp.1478-1485
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    • 2007
  • 본 논문에서는 풍향 풍속 계측모듈 및 DSP 센서인터페이스 회로 보드를 포함하는 기상계측 시스템을 제안한다. 이 DSP 시스템은 풍향풍속모듈, 대기압센서, 대기 온도 센서의 정보를 받아들이고, 빠르게 처리하여 PC 모니터링 시스템에 전달한다. 특히 풍향 풍속 모듈과 DSP 하드웨어는 직접 설계하여 적용한다. 풍향 풍속 모듈은 바람에 관한 벡터적 정보를 얻기 위해 4개의 박막형 RTD(Resistive Temperature Detectors) 저항센서를 히팅 코일에 의해 일정하게 가열된 원기둥 모양의 지지 표면에 벡터적으로 배치하는 구조를 채택한다. 이 구조를 채택한 계측 모듈은 진동, 습기, 부식 등에 강인하면서 정확한 계측을 가능케 한다. 센서 신호처리 회로는 TI사의 고속 DSP인 TMS320F2812 사용한다. 적용된 풍향 풍속 모듈을 통해 얻어진 데이터와 DSP 인터페이스 회로보드의 빠른 데이터 처리를 통해 저렴한 기상계측시스템을 구성 할 수 있었다.

전기자동차 무선 충전용 스파이럴 인덕터의 해석 및 설계 기법 (Analysis and Design Technique of a Spiral Inductor for a Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle)

  • 황인갑
    • 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.142-149
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    • 2019
  • 전기자동차를 무선으로 충전하기 위하여서는 전기에너지를 전송하기 위한 코일이 꼭 필요하다. 코일의 형태는 기본적인 원형 코일에서부터 두 코일 간의 커플링 효과를 높이기 위한 DD 형상의 코일 등 여러 종류가 있다. 하지만 코일 간 커플링이 좋은 DD 형상의 코일은 송수신 측 전력변환장치의 구조가 복잡해지는 단점이 있어 사용에 제한이 있다. 본 논문에서는 자유공간에서 2개의 코일을 이용하여 무선으로 전력을 전송할 때 제작이 편리한 스파이럴 인덕터의 인덕턴스 값을 계산하고 적절한 크기의 인턱터를 설계하는 방법을 제시하였다. 공진기에서 XLm 값이 부하저항 값과 비슷하여질 때 bifurcation 현상이 나타나므로, 이 현상이 덜 일어나도록 XLm 값을 최소부하저항 값과 같도록 선택하여 공진기에 필요한 인덕턴스 값을 계산하였다. 계산된 인덕턴스 값을 스파이럴 인덕터로 구현하기 위하여 스파이럴 인덕터에서 인덕턴스 값과 인턱터의 크기, 턴 수, 총 코일 길이와의 관계를 알아보았다. 또한, 두 개의 코일의 수평 이격에 따른 결합계수 k 값의 변화를 알아본 후 적절한 인덕터를 선정하였다.

Effect of extraction conditions on the stability and safety of sericin

  • Ji Hae, Lee;Hyun-Bok, Kim;HaeYong, Kweon
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.93-98
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    • 2022
  • To assess the feasibility of silk sericin for non-textile application, the storage stability and biological safety of sericin were examined. It was extracted at 37℃, 70℃, 100℃, and 121℃ for 1, 3, and 5 h to elucidate the effect of extraction condition on the stability and safety of silk sericin. The solubility was increased till approximately 26% with extraction temperature of 121℃ for 1 h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the molecular weight distribution depended on the extraction conditions. Extracted sericin displayed typical UV absorption bands upon spectrometric analysis. To examine the reproducibility of its obtained conformation, sericin was extracted thrice and its circular dichroism (CD) spectra was measured each time. Most CD spectra showed reproducibility regardless of temperature and time except under 100℃ extraction condition. The diversity of CD spectrum showed gradual reduction and was finally coincident with extraction time from 1 to 5 h. Notably, sericin has a negative peak of approximately 200 nm attributed to random coil conformation, regardless of extraction condition. However, at the 100℃ extraction condition, sericin showed both bands to be negative bands of approximately 200 and 220 nm, respectively. Sericin was centrifuged to determine the stability of storage conditions. The sericin extracted at 100℃ and 121℃ for 1 h was found to form gel rapidly within 1 h, but at 121℃ condition, the gel fraction was approximately 20% within 1 h which retained its phase regardless of storage time. The gel fraction of sericin extracted at 100℃ for 5 h increased with time, however at the 121℃ for 5 h condition, the gel fraction was measured to be less than 10% regardless of increase in storage time. PetriflimTM AC plates test showed that sericin was safe from aerobic bacteria activity by extraction under high temperature.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Structural and Physiological Properties of Silk Fibroin

  • Sung, Nak-Yun;Byun, Eui-Baek;Kwon, Sun-Kyu;Kim, Jae-Hun;Song, Beom-Seok;Choi, Jong-Il;Kim, Jin-Kyu;Yoon, Yo-Han;Byun, Myung-Woo;Kim, Mee-Ree;Yoo, Hong-Sun;Lee, Ju-Woon
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.228-233
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to examine the changes in the molecular structure and physiological activities of silk fibroin by gamma irradiation. The results of gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of fibroin was increased depending upon the irradiation dose. Secondary structure of fibroin determined by using circular dichroism revealed that the ratio of $\alpha$-helix was increased up to 10 kGy and then decreased depending upon the irradiation dose. Whereas, the ratio of $\beta$-sheet, $\beta$-turn, and random coil were decreased and then increased with an alteration in the $\alpha$-helix secondary conformation. The 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of fibroin was increased by gamma irradiation at 5 kGy, but was decreased above 10 kGy depending upon the irradiation dose. Also, the inhibition activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis of fibroin were increased by gamma irradiation. These results indicated that gamma irradiation could be used as an efficient method to make fibroin more suitable for the development of functional foods and cosmetics.

온실의 잉여 태양에너지 회수용 FCU 소요대수 검토 (Estimation of the Required Number of Fan Coil Unit for Surplus Solar Energy Recovery of Greenhouse)

  • 윤성욱;최만권;김하늘;강동현;이시영;손진관;윤용철
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 이미 보고된 잉여 태양에너지 관련 연구결과와 현재 현장에 설치되어 있는 냉난방용 FCU 현황을 개략적으로 검토한 후, 잉여 태양에너지 회수에 필요한 FCU의 소요대수 결정 방법을 개략적으로 제시하여 앞으로 이 분야의 연구자 및 기술자들에게 기조자료를 제시할 목적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 실험기간 동안 최대, 평균 및 최저 외기온은 각각 $28.2^{\circ}C$, $4.4^{\circ}C$$-11.5^{\circ}C$정도였다. 온실 밖의 수평면 일사량은 $0.8{\sim}20.5MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 정도의 범위였으며, 평균 및 총 일사량은 $10.8MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$$1,187.5MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$으로 나타났다. 그리고 주간동안 온실 내의 평균기온과 상대습도는 각각 18.8~45.5 및 53.5~77.5%정도였다. 실험기간 동안 온실로부터 회수한 총 잉여 태양에너지는 6,613.4MJ정도로서 총 난방에너지인 98,600.2MJ 약 6.7%정도를 보충할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사양이 유사한 FCU를 사용하지만, 난방을 위하여 설치되는 FCU의 대수는 제각각 다른 것을 알 수 있었고, 좀 더 효율적이고 경제적인 관점에서 설치높이, 방향 및 설치간격, 적정 대수에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 잉여 태양에너지 회수용 FCU의 적정 소요 대수는 FCU를 통과하는 공기의 질량 및 순환유량을 기준으로 각각 8.4~10.9대 및 6.1~8.0대 정도이었다. 여기에 계산방법이나 FCU의 효율 및 사용 환경 등 위험률을 고려하면, 결국 9대 전후(약 $24m^3$당 1대 정도)를 설치하면 될 것으로 판단되었다.

Microbacterium sp. A-210이 생성하는 Levan fructotransferase의 정제 및 생물학적 특성에 관한 연구 (Purification and Biological Characterization of Wild-type and Mutants of a Levan Fructotransferase from Microbacterium sp. AL-210)

  • 황은영;정미숙;차재호;장세복
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제19권9호
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    • pp.1218-1225
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    • 2009
  • DFA (Difructose anhydride)는 특유의 구조적인 안정성 때문에 당뇨병 환자를 위한 당원으로써 적합하다는 연구가 보고 되어 있다. DFA에는 4가지 type이 있는데 inulin에 의한 DFA I DFA III DFAV가 있고 levan에 의한 DFA IV가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 DFA IV는 당뇨병 환자를 위한 당원 뿐 만 아니라 rat을 이용한 연구에서 칼슘의 흡수를 도와 준다는 보고가 있었다. 이러한 DFAIV를 생성하는 데 쓰이는 Microbacterium sp. AL-210에서 유래한 LFTase (Levan fructotransferase)의 wild-type과 mutants (D63A, D195N, N85S)의 구조적 특성을 밝히기 위해 정제하였다. LFTase의 wild-type과 mutants들을 대량 발현시킨 후 흡착 크로마토그래피, 이온교환 크로마토그래피 그리고 젤 여과 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 고순도로 분리 정제하였으며 이를 SDS-PAGE를 통하여 확인하였다. 분리 정제된 단백질을 JNET 이차 구조 예측 프로그램, solubility 측정, CD (원 편광 이색성 분광편광계), fluorescence spectroscopy (형광분석법), DSC (시차주사열량계)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한 다중 정렬과 2차 구조 예측 프로그램을 이용하여 wild-type의 2차 구조를 분석하였다. Solubility 측정에서 가장 적합한 온도는 $55^{\circ}C$, 최상의 pH는 7.5로 나타났다. CD 분석에서 wild-type과 비교한 결과 다른 mutant에 비해 N85S의 $\alpha$-helix가 많이 감소한 것과 $\beta$ strand와 random coil이 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한 DSC 분석을 통해 wild-type이 다른 mutants에 비해 안정적인 구조를 지닌 것을 확인하였다. 형광분석에서 N85S가 wild-type과 가장 유사하게 나타났으며 D63A와 D195N은 wild-type에 비해 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 또한 wild-type의 sequence를 Exo-inulinase from Aspegillus awamori, a plant fructan 1-exohydrolase from Cichorium intybus 그리고 invertase from Thermotogo maritime (Tm)의 sequence와 다중 정렬한 결과 Exo-inulinase와 높은 identity를 보였다.