• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2012

In this paper, numerical analysis by finite element method, parameter design by the Taguchi method and ANOVA method were used to analyze about effect of design deviations and thickness variations on warpage of FCCSP substrate. Based on the computed results, it was known that core material in substrate was the most determining deviation for reducing warpage. Solder resist, prepreg and circuit layer were insignificant effect on warpage relatively. But these results meant not thickness effect was little importance but mechanical properties of core material were very effective. Warpage decreased as Solder resist and circuit layer thickness decreased but effect of prepreg thickness was conversely. Also, these results showed substrate warpage would be increased to maximum 40% as thickness deviation combination. It meant warpage was affected by thickness tolerance under manufacturing process even if it were met quality requirements. Threfore, it was strongly recommended that substrate thickness deviation should be optimized and controlled precisely to reduce warpage in manufacturing process.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.163-179
• /
• 2017

The axisymmetric buckling delamination of the Piezoelectric/Metal/Piezoelectric (PZT/Metal/PZT) sandwich circular plate with interface penny-shaped cracks is investigated. The case is considered where open-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical displacement on the upper and lower surfaces, and short-circuit conditions with respect to the electrical potential on the lateral surface of the face layers are satisfied. It is assumed that the edge surfaces of the cracks have an infinitesimal rotationally symmetric initial imperfection and the development of this imperfection with rotationally symmetric compressive forces acting on the lateral surface of the plate is studied by employing the exact geometrically non-linear field equations and relations of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The sought values are presented in the power series form with respect to the small parameter which characterizes the degree of the initial imperfection. The zeroth and first approximations are used for investigation of stability loss and buckling delamination problems. It is established that the equations and relations related to the first approximation coincide with the corresponding ones of the three-dimensional linearized theory of stability of electro-elasticity for piezoelectric materials. The quantities related to the zeroth approximation are determined analytically, however the quantities related to the first approximation are determined numerically by employing Finite Element Method (FEM). Numerical results on the critical radial stresses acting in the layers of the plate are presented and discussed. In particular, it is established that the piezoelectricity of the face layer material causes an increase (a decrease) in the values of the critical compressive stress acting in the face (core) layer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.554-560
• /
• 2013

This study proposes an structure that fixes the shielding device to two parts of the board by its two arranged clips. Said structure evenly distributes its loading/unloading load of the board and maintains the flatness of soldering area of the board. The structure of this study comprises a base part fixed to a printed circuit board and a clip part fixing a side wall of a shield can to the board, wherein the clip part is constituted with two clips fixable to two part of the shield can. Also, the structure of this study comprises a dented groove in order to easily solder the base part of clips and the printed circuit board. A mechanism is established and a design parameter was determined by a structure analysis and a vibration mode analysis. A single purpose machine for the production of the product was developed, the final workpiece was produced and the measuring-data and the computered-data was compared and reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2003

Diode rectifier which can't be controlled output voltage and phase control converter as AC/DC converter have low power factor and harmonics of lower order in the line current. In this paper, three phase PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) AC/DC boost converter is studied to solve these problems. The characteristics of a proposed converter are to control the phase of current without current sensor as a very simple control algorithm using circuit parameters only and to apply sinusoidal PWM method with fixed switching frequency due to a difficult design of input filter and switching device. We simulate for the proposed algorithm that high power factor is achieved and DC link voltage has fast dynamic response without ripple in rectifying and regenerating operation. As a result of experiment with circuit parameter(inductor, capacitor) decided in simulation, the proposed converter had high power factor and reduction of low order harmonics as against diode rectifier.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2007

A knock detection circuit that is based on the signal of an accelerometer installed on the engine block of a spark ignition automotive engine has a band-pass filter with a certain frequency as a parameter to be calibrated. A new statistical method for the determination of the frequency which is the most suitable for the knock detection in real-time applications is proposed. The method uses both the cylinder pressure and block vibration signals and is divided into two steps. In both steps, a new recursive trigonometric interpolation method that calculates the frequency contents of the signals is applied. The new trigonometric interpolation method developed in this paper improves the performance of the Discrete Fourier Transformation, allowing a flexible choice of the size of the moving window. In the first step, the frequency contents of the cylinder pressure signal are calculated. The knock is detected in the cylinder of the engine cycle for which at least one value of the maximal amplitudes calculated via the trigonometric interpolation method exceeds a threshold value indicating a considerable amount of oscillations in the pressure signal; this cycle is selected as a knocking cycle. In the second step, the frequency analysis is performed on the block vibration signal for the cycles selected in the previous step. The knock detectability, which is an individual cylinder attribute at a certain frequency, is verified via a statistical hypothesis test for testing the equality of two mean values, i.e. mean values of the amplitudes for knocking and non-knocking cycles. Signal-to-noise ratio is associated in this paper with the value of t-statistic. The frequency with the largest signal-to-noise ratio (the value of t-statistic) is chosen for implementation in the engine knock detection circuit.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.41 no.11
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2004

This paper proposed a very simple method of extracting an effective permittivity from the data of scattering parameters measured on the transmission line of coplanar waveguides in the frequency range of microwave or millimeter waves. This is an extracting method of an effective permittivity $\varepsilon$$_{eff}$ in the case of $\beta$$\ell$ =n$\pi$ (n=integer), where the value of S$_{11}$ changes abruptly following the operating frequency. The experimental value of the effective permittivity $\varepsilon$$_{eff}$ on a dielectric substrate of Rogers 4003$^{TM}$ material of $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ =3.38 showed the value of 2.042, which differs in the error of -3.4% to 8% from those calculated from the previously reported formulae. This result showed that the measurement method was very simple, as well as applied directly to the fabricated circuit patterns, even though the circuit patterns might be complicated or on the substrate of different dielectric materials.s.als.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.272-275
• /
• 2014

An improved fuzzy Kalman filtering speed estimation scheme was proposed by means of measuring stator side voltage and current value based on vector control state equation of induction motor. The designed fuzzy adaptive controller conducted recursive online correction of measurement noise covariance matrix by monitoring the ratio of theory residuals and actual residuals to make it approach real noise level gradually, allowing the filter to perform optimal estimation to improve estimation accuracy of EKF. Meanwhile, co-simulation scheme based on MATLAB and Ansoft was proposed in order to improve simulation accuracy. Field-circuit coupling problems of induction motor under the action of vector control were solved and the parameter optimization accuracy was improved dramatically. The simulation and experimental results show that this algorithm has a strong ability to inhibit the random measurement noise. It is able to estimate motor speed accurately, and has superior static and dynamic characteristics.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2003

To analyze the effects of the air-bridge parasitic capacitances on the performance of coplanar waveguide pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (CPW PHEMTs), the gate-to-air-bridge ( $C_{ag}$ ) and the drain-to air-bridge ( $C_{ad}$ ) capacitances were taken into account plus the conventional pinched-off cold. FET circuit model. To examine the effects of the parasitic capacitances due to the air-bridges, a variety routing schemes for the air-bridge interconnection were adopted for fabricating the 0.1-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ $\Gamma$-gate length CPW HEMT's. According to air-bridge schemes, the $S_{21}$ gain is affected considerably. From the results of the fabricated CPW PHEMT, the $C_{ag}$ and $C_{ad}$ is one of the important factor of decreasing the gain of HEMTs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.35C no.6
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 1998

In this paper, a new CMOS current-mode integrator is proposed that can apply the basic building block of the low-voltage high frequency current-mode active filter. And tuning circuits that control the gain and unity gain frequency of them is designed. The proposed integrator is composed of the CMOS complementary circuit which can extend transconductance of an integrator. Therefore, the unity gain frequency which is determined transconductance and MOSFET gate capacitance can be expanded by the proposed integrator. The unity gain frequency of the proposed integrator is increased about two times larger than that of the conventional continuous-time integrator with NMOS-gm. And also, cut-off frequency and gain of the active filter can be controlled with the designed tuning circuit. From the result, we can reduce errors on fabrication. And then, 3rd-order low-pass active filter is designed as an application circuits. These results are verified by the small signal analysis and the 0.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ parameter HSPICE simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.787-794
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the development of large-signal model extractor for GaAs FET device through the Monolithic Microwave integrated Circuit(MMIC) is presented. The measurement program controlled by personal computer is developed for the processing of an amount of measured data, and the de-embedding algorithm is added to the program for voltage dropping as attached series resistance on measurement system. The small-signal model parameters are typically consisted of 7 elements that are considered as complexity of large-signal model and its the accuracy of the small-signal model is verified through comparing with measured data as varied bias point. The fitting function model, one of the empirical model, is used for quick simulation. In the process of large-signal model parameter extraction, one-dimensional optimization method is proposed and optimized parameters are extracted. This study can reduce the modeling and measuring time and can secure a suitable model for circuit.