• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1997

한국산 논우렁이(CIpangopaludina chinensis malleata)와 큰논우렁이 (C. japomica)는 형태학적으로 유사하여 그 감별이 용이치 않다. 본 연구는 이 두 종을 대상으로 28S rDNA DI유전자를 7종의 제한효소로 처리하여 PCR-RDLP기법으로 그 절편을 비교하였다. 절편 상호간에는 차이점을 관찰할 수 없었으나, 두 종으로부터 분석된 28S rDNA DI 유전자의 염기서열에서는 4 부위에서 종간 차이를 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1997

한국에 분포된 논우렁이과(family Viviparidae)에는 논우렁이(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata)와 큰논우렁이(C. japonica) 두 종으로 알려져 있으나 그 형태적 차이점을 구별하기는 쉽지 않다. 형태학적 주요 차이점은 논우렁이에서 패각의 봉합이 깊어 나탑이 뚜렸하고 둥글며 spire angle이 약 62。- 66。인데 비해, 큰 논우렁이는 봉합이 깊지 않아 나탑이 뚜렷하지 못하고 밋밋하며 각 나층에 두개씩의 나륵이 있는 점과 spire angle이 약 58。- 61。인 점이다. 소화기관과 생식기관에서는 2종의 암, 수 모두에서 특이할만한 차이점을 찾아 볼 수 없으나 논우러이는 큰논우렁이에 비해 전반적으로 크고 긴 기관들을 갖고 있었다. 논우렁이와 큰노누렁이 모두에서 IM, IOL, ILL, IC, ILL, IOL, IM의 치설 배열을 보였으나 분치(cusp)배열이 다소 상이하였으며, 논우렁이 개체군 사이에도 분치 배열의 상이점이 관찰되었다. 그러나 위의 두 종은 형태적으로 유사성이 높기 때문에 $\beta$-분류 및 $\gamma$-분류로 그 체계를 확실히 구명하여야 할 필요성이 인정된다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.121-140
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• 1986

The spermiogenesis of Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata began with the changes of nucleus and cytoplasm. The chromatin in the nucleus began to stack and condense around perinuclear envelope. Axonema (doublet microtubules of 9+2) appeared in the cytoplasm. After this process, the cytoplasm was protruded and the bell-shaped nucleus was located on protruding part of it. The electron dense masses were distributed throughout cytoplasm and lysed or secreted by exocytosis of lysosomal vacuoles. Especially, some mitochondria were migrated by the doublet microtubules of axonema toward nucleus. The axoneme was enclosed by electron dense materials after exocytosis of unnecessary materials for the tail formation. The electron dense masses were released and migrated into the each part through microtubules or axonemal doublet microtubules as the granular particles. These granular particles were containing glycogen. Ultimately, the condensed head developed into helical and neck region into cylindrical shape respectively. The mitochondria which have regular lamellar layers at cross axis became to middle piece, and then spermatozoon was completely matured. Thus, these phenomena showed special processes in spermiogenesis, those were as follows; chromatin in the head was condensed, the head was changed into helical shape, and cytoplasmic materials are migrated and transferred into the each part in the tail by mitochondria and microtubules.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1988

The chromosome of Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Chunchon area in 1988 was analysed by using aceto-orcein squash techniques of spermatogonial tissues to obtain mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The chromosome cycle did not differ, in general, from that found in other snails, C. chinensis malleata has 18 diploid chromosomes and they were identified and classified into 2 groups. The mitotic chromosome complement of this species consists of 2 pairs of metacentric and 7 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes, Spermatogonial metaphase chromosomes range in length from 4.10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the largest pair to 2.20 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for the smallest pair.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.80-88
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• 1985

The tentacular epithelial cells of Cipangopaludina chinensis were studied with electron microscope. The tentacular epithelium consists of columnar supporting cells, numerous glandular cells and ciliated cells. Glandular cells are classified into three types; type I (mucous metachromasia cell), type II(mucous goblet cell) and type III. Ciliated cells are subdivided into two types; type I ciliated cell has cilia with typical axoneme(9+2), and type II ciliated cell has cilia with unusual axoneme.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

한국에 분포되어 있는 논우렁이과(Viviparidae)권패류는 논우렁이(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata)와 큰논우렁이(C. japonica), 두 종이 보고되어 있으나 형태학적 유사성 때문에 감별이 용이치 않다. 우선, 본 연구에서는 두 종간에 염색체 수와 핵형분석 결과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 두 종 모두 염색체 수는 2n=18이었으며 성염색체는 구별할 수 없었고, 두쌍의 metacentric과 7쌍의 submetacentric염색채를 갖고 있었다. 두 종간 평균 염색체 크기에는 큰논우렁이가 논우렁이보다 약 10 $\mu\textrm{m}$정도 크게 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.541-548
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• 2017

A survey was performed to know the infection status of echinostome metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata snails from Korea. Total 75 snails collected in 5 localities, i.e., Imsil-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Hwasun-gun and Shinan-gun (Aphae and Jido), Jeollanam-do, and Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, were examined for metacercariae by the artificial digestion method. Infection rates of metacercariae were 80.0%, 66.7%, 100%, 60.0%, and 73.3%, and their densities were 39, 32, 183, 19, and 30 per snail infected, respectively. The metacercariae were round, $105-118{\times}105-118{\mu}m$ in size, with a thin cyst wall, collar spines on the head collar, and excretory granules in 2 canals of excretory tube. Adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, and $5,167{\times}939{\mu}m$ in average size. Head collar distinct, bearing 45 collar spines with 5 end groups on each side. Oral sucker subterminal, pharynx well developed, and esophagus somewhat short. Cirrus sac well developed, with a saccular seminal vesicle, and ventral sucker very large. Ovary elliptical and on the median line of the body. Testes tandem and slightly lobed. Eggs operculated, elliptical, and $90-103{\times}55-60{\mu}m$ in size. By scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent with 45 collar spines resembling horns of younger stags. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the body surface between the head collar and ventral sucker. Conclusively, it has been first confirmed that the life cycle of E. macrorchis is indigenously maintained in Korea, and C. chinensis malleata snails are popularly infected with the metacercariae of this echinostome.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 2003

In order to understand freshwater molluscan fauna in Asan area, a survey was conducted on the watersheds of this area during the period of October 1999 to August 2000. For the purpose of easy overlook of the molluscan fauna in Asan area, present survey was undertaken on a total of 101 sampling sites of 4 major watersheds connected along Onyang River, Gokgyo River, Sapgyo Lake, and Asan Lake. The collected freshwater mollusks were analysed based on the environment of their habitats. The freshwater mollusks collected through out the present survey were 27 species, 12 families, 5 orders, and 2 classes. Of these, gastropods were 18 species, 10 families, 3 orders; and bivalves were 9 species, 2 families, and 2 orders. The dominant gastropods in this area were Radix auricularia coreana, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, Hippeutis cantori, Physa acuta, Gyraulus convexiusculus and Austropeplea ollula and the dominant bivalves were Anodonta arcaeformis, Anodonta arcaeformis flavotincta, and Anodonta woodiana. Dominant species in rice fields were Fossaria truncatula, Segmentina hemisphaerula and Physa acuta, dominant species in rivers were Radix auricularia coreana, Physa acuta, and Hippeutis cantori. Dominant species in reservoirs were Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, Radix auricularia coreana, Austropeplea ollula, and Fossaria truncatula. Dominant species collected in lakes were Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, Hippeutis cantori, Cipangopaludina japonica, and Radix auricularia coreana. Radix auricularia coreana, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, and Austropeplea ollula were dominantly inhabiting on the muddy bottoms. Anodonta woodiana, Cipangopaludina japonica, and Corbicula fluminea occurred mainly in the gravel areas. Radix auricularia coreana, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, and Hippeutis cantori were dominant in the muddy rock areas. Rock-dominant species were Radix auricularia coreana, Semisulcospira forticosta and Koreanomelania paucicincta. Sand-dominant species were Physa acuta, Radix auricularia coreana, and Hippeutis cantori. Sand gravel-dominant species were Physa acuta, Radix auricularia coreana, and oreanomelania paucicincta. Hippeutis cantori, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, and Gyraulus convexiusculus occurred in the sand-muddy areas. Cristaria plicata, appointed as an endangered species from the "Natural Environmental Conservation Law", was collected from 5 sampling sites (site Nos. 45, 47, 48, and 52). For the endangered species found in this survey should be make appropriate protection.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1998

A horizontal starch gel electrophoresis for enzyme proteins extracted from 2 species of Korean viviparid snails; Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata and C. japonica was carried out in order to elucidate their genetic relationships. A total of 10 enzymes were employed in three different kinds of buffer systems. Two loci from each enzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, glucose phosphate isomerase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, iditol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and peptidase(VL); and only one locus dach from two enzymes, glycerlo-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were detected; but, four loci from peptidase(LGG) were observed. Most of loci in two viviparid species showed homozygous monomorphic banding patterns and some of them were specific as genetic markers between two different species. However, EST-1, MDH-1, PEP(VL)-1loci showed polymorphic banding patterns. Foru populations of C. chinensis malleata were more closely clustered in a dendrogram within the range of genetic identity values of 0.928-1.00, and these clusters were lineated with C. japonica at the value of 0.355. In summarizing the above results, two viviparid snail species dmployed in this study mostly showed monomorphic enzyme protein banding patterns, and genetic differences specific between two species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 1986

The male and female muscle of the 16 major bands in the protein patterns of the tissues of the mud-snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata, were almost similar, and the bands E (Mr. 41,500), H (Mr. 52,100), L (Mr. 71,700), N(Mr. 98,500), O (Mr. 107,900) and P (Mr. 112,900) had the same molecular weights which appear in the muscles, testis and ovary. But it showed that the testis and the ovary had their characteristic patterns, and it was also observed that, besides the bands common to all tissues, the bands which appear both in the testis and the ovary are about five: the bands d (Mr. 15,600), k (Mr. 37,100), p (Mr. 57,000), s (Mr. 80,300), and v (Mr. 105,400). The result of the amino acid analysis showed that the quantity and composition of amino acid appeared, as the protein pattersn did, in the order of ovary, muscles and testis. This reveals that in the ovary a great quantity of protein which appears in the whole body was investigated, while the testis contained only little protein due to the phenomenon of morphogenesis in which sperms were developed through the condensation of the nuclei.