• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2016

A new UPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of p-coumaric acid and trans-cinnamic acid in propolis was developed using Halo-C18 column and step gradient elution of MeCN and $0.1%H_3PO_4$ in 8 min. The method was validated by specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision(intra- and inter-day variability) and recovery tests. The validated method was sufficiently applicable for quantitative analysis of propolis products as well as propolis collected from different regions in Korea. The established method is simple, appropriate and efficient, and can be used for quality assessment of Korean propolis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.657-663
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• 2004

Tobacco transformants harboring cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H) fused with susquiterpene cyclase promoter was developed in order to regulate biosynthesis of phenolic compounds by the expression of the introduced gene. Twenty transformants for each specific promoter were used to analyze the incorporation of the chimeric genes by PCR and Southern blot analysis. PCR products of NPTII(neomycin phosphotransferase) gene (553bp) were detected in the transgenic tobacco plants. The incorporation of the chimeric gene was confirmed in the Southern blot analysis. C4H activity in the transgenic plants was elevated by UV-irradiation and its level was higher compared to that of control plants.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1987

During the enzymatic production of L-phenylalanine exploiting L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase(E.C 4.3.1.5) and trans-cinnamic acid, the conversion yield of L-phenylalanine and the stability of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase per so or induced Rhodotorula glutinis IFO 0559 were investigated. And the glycerol added to the conversion reaction as stabilizer had effect only on L-phenylalanine and made it possible to obtain the 80％ conversion yield from trans-cinnamic acid. In addition, the more rapid and reliable method than the thin layer chromatography for determining the conversion yield will be disscused.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the flavonoid contents of Korean propolis. The total flavonoids content measured by spectrophotometer of Yecheon, Youngwol, Brazilian, Chinese. Aus- tralian propolis were 6.33, 6.43, 2.44, 6.52 and 8.11mg/g. The p-coumaric acid content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis were 5.58 and 6.84mg/100g, respectively. Luteolin, however, was not detected both in Yecheon and Youngwol, respectively. the quercetin content of Yecheon and Youngwol propolis revealed between 0.41 to 0.53%, however, overseas propolis was not detected. The t-cinnamic acid of Brazilian propolis was 7.92% and Chinese propolis was 8.74%. And than, the t-cinnamic acid of Chinese propolis was not detected.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.637-642
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• 2020

Fusarium wilt in tobacco caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae is a disease-management challenge worldwide, as there are few effective and environmentally benign chemical agents for its control. This challenge results in substantial losses in both the quality and yield of tobacco products. Based on an in vitro analysis of the effects of different phenylpropanoid intermediates, we found that the early intermediates trans-cinnamic acid and para-coumaric acid effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae strain FW316F, whereas the downstream intermediates quercetin and caffeic acid exhibit no fungicidal properties. Therefore, our in vitro screen suggests that trans-cinnamic acid and para-coumaric acid are promising chemical agents and natural lead compounds for the suppression of F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae growth.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.282-287
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• 1993

The effect of ethanol concentration for extraction of cinnamon on chemical and physical properties of the extracts was investigated. The cinnamon was extracted at $80^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. High contents of cinnamic acid, aldehyde, eugenol and antioxidant activity were found in the extracts of $60{\sim}90%$ ethanol. Free sugar, tannin, degree of browning and total solids were measured relatively high in 70% ethanol extract while total amino acids and minerals were increased as the ethanol concentration decreased. The overall data suggested 70% ethanol as the most effective solvent for cinnamon extraction.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

Photochemical reactions of some organic molecules on titanium dioxide were investigated in methanol. A methanolic solution of trans-cinnamic acid and titanium dioxide was irradiated with 300 nm UV lamps for 24 h to afford methyl cinnamate. In the case of trans-cinnamamide, the major product was found to be 3-phenylpropionamide, i.e., a saturation product of ethylenic double bond. However, irradiation of urocanic acid, caffeic acid, ethyl cinnamate, trans-chalcone, trans-cinnamonitrile, trans-stilbene or trans, trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene on titanium dioxide under the same conditions did not give any noticeable products. Meanwhile, when irradiated some aromatic aldehydes, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde, l-naphthaldehyde, and 2-naphthaldehyde in methanol, vicinal diols and alcohols derived from the diols were produced. On the other hand, irradiation of 9-anthraldehyde and titanium dioxide in methanol afforded only alcohols, in which diol was not observed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2011

Cetecol has been known as a component of melanin in teliospores of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis. Its metabolic precursor has been assumed to be benzoic acid but it has not been proven yet. This study was carried out to verify the synthesis of benzoic acid and to chase its metabolic origin in U. maydis. For this aim, the catabolic process of phenylalanine was investigated by culturing the fungus in the complete medium containing L-$^{14}C$-phenylalanine and $^{14}C$-trans-cinnamic acid. We detected trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from the extracts of the fungus cells and cultural filtrates by thin layered chromatography analysis. We also observed that the fungus could completely catabolize L-$^{14}C$-phenylalanine and produce $^{14}CO_2$ in the air. Conclusively, this study provided an evidence that U. maydis could produce benzoic acid through catabolic process of phenylalanine.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2011

Objectives : In the present study, the contents of cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde in three different parts of Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR) (the whole body, the bark part, and the wood part) was evaluated using UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography) in order to investigate a suitable cutting method. Methods : Analysis was performed on SMART LC with UV detector. Reference compounds were separated on Inertsil ODS-4 column ($2.1mm{\times}50mm$, $3{\mu}m$, GL Science, Japan) using isolation elution with water and acetonitrile each containing acetic acid at a flow rate of $500{\mu}L/min$. Additionally, samples of CR were purchased from pharmacy of medicinal herb. Results : The correlation coefficients of the cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde levels showed good linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.9999$) over the linear ranges. Furthermore, the bark part exhibited higher concentration levels of reference compounds than the wood part in all samples. In addition the bark exfoliation rates in oblique and perpendicular-long cut samples of CR were lower than the perpendicular-short cut samples. Conclusions : These results suggested that the optimal cutting method would be able to reduce the bark exfoliation. Therefore, the oblique or perpendicular-long cutting method is considered to be a better cutting type than the perpendicular-short cutting method.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Trifolium repens were studied. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, roots and flowers of T. repens strongly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Zoysia japonica. In general, the higher concentration of the extracts showed the more great inhibition effect. The phenolic compounds extracted from T repens were analysed and identified using gas chromatography. 14 phenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and flowers: caffeic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, 2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid, syringic acid, 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phloroglucinol and phanylacetic acid. The seed germination and relative growth ratio of Z. japonica by 14 phenolic compounds were inhibited in whole treatment. Stronger growth inhibitor were benzoic acid, salicylic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. From these results it is suggested that the phenolic compounds from T. repens seemed to be responsible for the allelopathic potential.