• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Immune-potentiation of Chicorium endivia L. were investigated on follows extracts associated with ultrasonification process at 60 kHz and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, about $10{\sim}20%$ compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 was also enhanced by the addition $(0.5mg/m{\ell})$ of the extracts. NK cell activation was Improved up to 1.37 times higher than the control, through adding extracts. It was also found that extracts from C. endivia L. could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher immune activity than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory activity than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of C. endivia L. is ethanol extraction at $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ associated with ultrasonification.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.289.1-289.1
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• 2007

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to composition of nutrient solution for tore of endive hydroponics, and was compared the nutrient solution developed in the Seoul City University(SCUE) with the conventional solution of Proefstation voor Tuinbouw ender Glas. Proper compositions of nutrient solution for endive hydroponics were NO$_3$-N 15.0, NH$_4$-N 1.0, PO$_4$-P 3.0. K 10.0, Ca 5.0 and Mg 3.5 me.$\ell$$^{-1}$ , respectively SCUE and PTG standard nutrient solution showed slightly better yields among nutrient solutions. The SCUE nutrient solution and the PTG nutrient solution had no difference on growth and yield of endive Plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1487-1492
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• 2012

Antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of extracts from Cichorium endivia L. (CEL) on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in neuronal cells were investigated. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the water and ethanolic extracts from CEL were $36.2{\pm}0.99$, $37.2{\pm}3.76$ mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, and $46.9{\pm}5.22$, $53.86{\pm}5.09$ mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. In addition, antioxidant activities of the extracts were also determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In an MTT assay on the neuronal cells, the extracts showed a protective effect by increasing cell viability on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in neuronal cells. Antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT) levels in cultured neuronal cells were increased in the presence of extracts from CEL. It was found that CEL extracts inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced Bcl-2 and Bax expression in neuronal cells. These results indicate that the CEL extracts possess an antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

RAPD, Inter-SSR, and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of lettuce cultivars and the phylogenetic relationships in Lactuca spp. A total of 216 polymorphic bands from seven RAPD primers, four Inter-SSR primers, and five AFLP primer combinations were used to elucidate the genetic similarity among lettuce cultivars. Forty-four lettuce accessions were subdivided into discrete branches according to plant type: crisphead, butterhead, and stem type, with some exceptions. The leafy- and cos-type accessions were intermingled in other groups with no discrete branch indicating that these are more diverse than others. Three accessions, including the Korean cultivar 'Cheongchima', the Korean local landrace 'Jinjam', and the German cultivar 'Lolla Rossa' were classified as the most diverse accessions. Twenty bands were unique in specific cultivars. Among these, three were specific in a plant type; one in Korean leafy type, one in crisphead type, and one in cos type lettuce. In the phylogenetic analysis among Lactuca species, L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. georgica clustered in a sister branch of the L. sativa complex. Two L. virosa accessions show the highest intra-specific relationships. L. perennis outlied from all the other Lactuca species at a genetic similarity of 0.53 and clustered with two Cichorium species, C. intybus and C. endivia, with genetic similarity of 0.67. The phylogenetic tree was supported by data from polymorphism of chloroplast genome which was revealed by PCR-RFLP.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

The effect of packaging material in enhancing the shelf life and maintaining the postharvest quality of endive (Cichorium endivia L.) was studied. Endive were packed in three packaging materials: paper box (control); paper box with endive wrapped in high density polyethylene (HDPE) film; and plastic box container covered with high density polyethylene (HDPE) film. The quality characteristics, such as fresh weight loss, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, and appearance of endive were investigated during 20 days of storage at $2^{\circ}C$. The endive wrapped with HDPE film inside the paper box showed the lowest weight loss, highest SPAD value and the best appearance compared to those wrapped in other packaging types during storage. The results indicate that the marketability of endive can be optimized with proper packaging and storage.