• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3293-3299
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• 2015

Background: Arm protein lost in epithelial cancers, on chromosome X (ALEX) is a novel subgroup within the armadillo (ARM) family, which has one or two ARM repeat domains as opposed to more than six-thirteen repeats in the classical Armadillo family members. Materials and Methods: In the study, we explore the biological functions of ALEX1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of ALEX1 and silencing of ALEX1 were performed with SK-BR3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays, along with flow cytometry, were carried out to evaluate the roles of ALEX1. Results: ALEX1 overexpression in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, depletion of ALEX1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Additional analyses demonstrated that the overexpression of ALEX1 activated the intrinsic apoptosis cascades through up-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 and down-regulating the levels of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. Simultaneouly, silencing of ALEX1 inhibited intrinsic apoptosis cascades through down-regulating the expression of Bax, cytosol cytochrome c, active caspase-9, and active caspase-3 and up-regulating the level of Bcl-2 and mitochondria cytochrome c. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ALEX1 as a crucial tumor suppressor gene has been involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer, which may serve as a novel candidate therapeutic target.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.694-697
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• 2007

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), previously referred to as movement-provoked seizures, is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by short duration dystonic or choreoathetotic movements precipitated by sudden movement, a change in position or hyperventilation. It can be difficult to distinguish this syndrome from seizures. We reported on three brothers in one family all of whom developed abnormal involuntary dystonic or choreoathetotic movement with a tingling or stiffness sensory aura. Evaluations of the patients included general physical examinations, endoclinologic, metabolic studies, chromosomal analysis, video electroencephalograms and brain MRI imaging. All of these studies were normal except for an arachnoid cyst found in one patient. All symptoms showed excellent response to oxcarbamazepine ($Trileptal^{(R)}$) or carbamazepine. Use of the video electroencephalogram can help differentiate familial PKD from seizures.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1195-1198
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• 2006

The importance of wild plant resources along with the development of high biotecyhnology is highlighted for exploitation of new materials which can make the added value. The goal of this study is providing fundamental data bases for developing new materials through the analyses of morphological characteristics, antibiotics and molecular cytogenetics in Baegseon (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.). Baegseon has several characteristics; there are two types of flower color, pink and white, the seed germination starts about February 20th, the maximum flowering season is around May 17th in southern Korea, the growth period is about 60 days. The number of chromosomes are 2n=2x=36, the size of chromosomes in metaphase is $4.2{\sim}8.1{\mu}m$. The amount of 2C nuclear DNA is 1.93pg, and there is no variation of genome size amoung varieties. The extraction juice of baegseon young roots has the excellent antibiotic activity against the mold (Botrytis cinerea).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

In swarm robot systems, each robot must behaves by itself according to the its states and environments, and if necessary, must cooperates with other robots in order to carry out a given task. Therefore it is essential that each robot has both learning and evolution ability to adapt the dynamic environments. In this paper, the new learning and evolution method based on reinforcement learning having delayed reward ability and distributed genetic algorithms is proposed for behavior learning and evolution of collective autonomous mobile robots. Reinforcement learning having delayed reward is still useful even though when there is no immediate reward. And by distributed genetic algorithm exchanging the chromosome acquired under different environments by communication each robot can improve its behavior ability. Specially, in order to improve the performance of evolution, selective crossover using the characteristic of reinforcement learning is adopted in this paper. we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by applying it to cooperative search problem.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.80-82
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• 2019

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain WSPS007 was isolated from infected twigs (Malus pumila) in 2013 in Yeongju, Gyeongbuk Province, Republic of Korea. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of WSPS007 with a chromosome size of 6,238,498 bp (59.04% G+C content). The genome comprises 5,379 CDS, 16 rRNA genes, and 65 tRNA genes. The P. syringae pv. syringae strain WSPS007 genome possesses an ice-nucleating activation (INA) gene and an antifreeze operon that may be related to frost damage by this pathogen. Thus, the genome sequence determined in this study will be useful in understanding the relationship between the outbreak of bacterial shoot blight disease and frost damage in northern Gyeongbuk Province.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.984-991
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• 1998

Background: The 3p deletions has been shown to be the most frequent alteration in lung cancers, strongly suggesting the presence of at least one tumor suppressor gene in this chromosomal region. However, no solid candidate for the tumor suppressor gene(s) on 3p has as yet been identified. Recent attention has focused on a candidate 3p14.2 tumor suppressor gene, FHIT, which is located in a region that is homozygously deleted in multiple tumor cell lines and disrupted by the hereditary renal cell carcinoma t(3;8) chromosomal translocation breakpoint FHIT also spans FRA3B, the most common fragile sites in the human genome. In the present study, we have analyzed expression of the FHIT gene in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: RNA from 21 lung cancer cell lines (16 NSCLC, 5 SCLC) were extracted using standard procedures. Random-primed. first strand cDNAs were synthesized from total RNA and PCR amplication of coding exons 5 to 9 was performed. The RT-PCR products were electrophoresed in 1.5% ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Results: 12 of 21(57%) lung cancer cell lines exhibited absent or aberrant FHIT expression [7 of 16(44%) of non-small cell lung cancer and 5 of 5(100%) of small cell lung cancer cell lines]. Conclusion: The result shows that abnormal transcription of the FHIT gene is common in human lung cancer cell lines, especially in small cell lung cancer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.453-456
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• 2005

This study was carried out to select DNA markers closely linked to brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar 'Cheongcheong­byeo'. For the mapping of resistant gene to BPH, a doubled-haploid (DH) population was developed by anther culture of $F_1$ plants from a cross 'Cheongcheong­byeo/Nagdongbyeo'. In BPH bioassay and marker screen­ing for the DH population, the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants to BPH fitted to a 1:1 ratio. A total of 310 RAPDs of 520 markers showed polymorphism in parental survey using 'Cheongcheongbyeo' and 'Nag­dongbyeo'. In the analysis of relationship between BPH resistance and marker pattern for 40 DH lines, the OPE16 produced a specific dominant fragment, 700 bp, which was closely linked with BPH resistance gene of 'Cheong­cheongbyeo'. Based on the linkage analysis using 7 markers, BPH resistance of 'Cheongcheongbyeo' was mapped on chromosome 12, which was closely linked with $OPE16_{700}$ at a distance of 4.6 cM.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy. Methods: We reviewed data of 268 cases to identify women undergoing genetic amniocentesis at cytogenetic laboratory, from January 2000 to December 2002. Amniotic fluid was submitted for both rapid FISH on uncultured interphase amniocytes using a commercially available DNA probe for chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, Y and standard karyotyping on cultured metaphase amniocytes. Results from FISH and full karyotype were compared. Results: There were 251 cases (84%) normal and 17 cases (16%) abnormal in FISH results. All 17 cases of trisomy 13, 18, 21 including two cases of mosaicism and sex chromosome aneuploidies which are detected by FISH were confirmed with conventional cytogenetics and there was no false positive result. Twenty two cases had karyotypically proven abnormalities that could not have been detected by the targeted FISH. Conclusion: Interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic fluid cells has been shown to be an effective and reliable technique for rapid fetal aneuploidy screening during pregnancy as an adjunctive test to conventional cytogenetics.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2007

Plant regeneration system from zygotic embryos (2n=24) of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. via bulblet formation was estabished. Zygotic embryos of Lilium lancifolium formed bulblets and somatic embryos simultaneously when they cultured on MS medium supplemented with low concentration of 2,4-D. The highest frequency of bulblet and somatic embryo formation from zygotic embryos of Lilium lancifolium was 66.7% and 56.7%, respectively. The frequency of bulblet and somatic embryo formation was decreased when they cultured on MS medium over than 1 mg/L of 2,4-D. To regenerate whole plants, somatic embryos formed on zygotic embryos were transferred to MS basal medium. However somatic embryos did not fully converted into plantlets. Further incubation in the light, elongated somatic embryos formed numerous bulblets at the base of somatic embryos. Upon transfer to MS basal medium, bulblets were successfully converted into plantlets after further 4 weeks of culture in the light. After acclimatization, plantets from bulblets were transferred to soil and grown to normal plants in growth chamber (approximately $30\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, 16/8h photo period, $25^{\circ}C$) The chromosome analysis revealed that plants regenerated from zygotic embryos showed 2n=24. These results indicate that chromosome stability of source tissue is maintained during plant regeneration via bulblet formation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

Objective: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and $5{\mu}g$/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal sperm of hybrid F1 male mice ($1{times}10^6/ml$). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, b1astocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identify ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3,4 and Oct4 staining were examined in rep1ated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. Results: Although the cleavage rate (${\geq}$2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic b1astocysts ($9.6{\pm}3.1,\;35.1{\pm}5.2$) were signficantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts ($19.5{\pm}4.7,\;63.2{\pm}13.0$) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-l and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac cell differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. Conclusion: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.