A familial case report of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in three brothers

한 가족 3형제에게서 발견 된 발작성 운동이상증 1례

  • Kwon, Oh Dae (Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Hwang, Sung Jin (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Masan Samsung Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jun Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Masan Samsung Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ji Eun (Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim, Kyung Jib (Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Seo, Eul Ju (Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of medicine and Asan Medical Center)
  • 권오대 (대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 신경과학교실) ;
  • 황성진 (성균관대학교 의과대학 마산삼성병원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이준화 (성균관대학교 의과대학 마산삼성병원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김지언 (대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 신경과학교실) ;
  • 김경집 (대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 신경과학교실) ;
  • 서을주 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 진단검사의학과학교실)
  • Received : 2007.04.04
  • Accepted : 2007.06.15
  • Published : 2007.07.15

Abstract

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), previously referred to as movement-provoked seizures, is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by short duration dystonic or choreoathetotic movements precipitated by sudden movement, a change in position or hyperventilation. It can be difficult to distinguish this syndrome from seizures. We reported on three brothers in one family all of whom developed abnormal involuntary dystonic or choreoathetotic movement with a tingling or stiffness sensory aura. Evaluations of the patients included general physical examinations, endoclinologic, metabolic studies, chromosomal analysis, video electroencephalograms and brain MRI imaging. All of these studies were normal except for an arachnoid cyst found in one patient. All symptoms showed excellent response to oxcarbamazepine ($Trileptal^{(R)}$) or carbamazepine. Use of the video electroencephalogram can help differentiate familial PKD from seizures.

발작성 운동이상증(Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, PKD)은 경련성 발작과 구분해야 하는 드문 신경질환으로써 1940년에 Mount와 Reback에 의해 발작성 무도무위증(paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis)란 용어로 처음 보고되었으며 1967년 Kertesz에 의해 처음으로 발작성 운동이상증(Dyskinesia)으로 명명 되어졌다. PKD는 아동기에서 성인기 초에 호발하며 가족성 우성 유전으로도 나타날 수 있고 chromosome 16p11.2-q12.1, 16q13-q22.1, 2q32-36과 관계 있다는 보고가 있다. 증상은 대부분 수 초 이내 멈추나 드물게 5분 이상 지속되는 경우도 있다. 증상 발현 전에 감각 이상 등의 전구 증상이 동반되는 경우가 있으며 의식소실은 동반되지 않는다. 치료는 carbamazepne, phenytoin, valproic acid, clonazepam 등의 항경련제를 투여하는데 일부에서는 oxycarbazepine이나 levodopa를 투여하기도 한다. 저자들은 한 가족의 세명의 형제에서 나타난 발작성 이상운동증을 경험하고 항경련제(Oxcarbamazepine or Carbamazepine)를 통한 좋은 치료성적을 거두었기에 보고하는 바이다.

Keywords

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