• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 11 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. 1-Chloro-3-bromopropane CAS No. 109-70-6) induced chromosomal aberrations with significance at the concentration of $185.0\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system, respectively. Triphenyl phosphite (CAS No. 101-02-0), which is one of the most cytotoxic chemical among 11 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of $95.0-4.9\;{\mu}g/mL$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 11 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, 1-chloro-3-bromopropane revealed a positive clastogenic result in this study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1803-1809
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• 2024

Leuconostoc lactis DMLL10 is a microorganism specific to kimchi fermentation. In this study, we sought to evaluate the toxicity of this strain, which was newly isolated from kimchi, to determine its safety as a food ingredient. Bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, and mammalian cell in vitro micronucleus assay were performed to assess the genetic toxicity of Leu. lactis DMLL10. The strain did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, with or without metabolic activation of S9 mixture. The oral administration of Leu. lactis DMLL10 also did not significantly increase the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, or the mean ratio of polychromatic to total erythrocytes. Additionally, Leu. lactis DMLL10 did not cause a significant chromosomal aberration in CHU/IL cells in the presence or absence of S9 activation. Therefore, Leu. lactis DMLL10 can be suggested as a functional food ingredient with reliability and safety.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of SDK(skin decontamination kit) produced by Agency for Defense Development(ADD), were performed Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay, chromosomal aberration test on chinese hamster ovarian cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells according to the established regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 did not in-crease the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study. SDK did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence oj micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with SDK. These results indicate that SDK has no mutagenic effects under these experimental conditions.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

To determine whether ozone is genotoxic at environmentally relevant exposure level, B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 12 weeks, 6 hr/day. Chromosomal aberration, supravital micronucleus and hprt mutation assays were performed. The percentage of abnormal cells was significantly increased at 0.5 ppm ozone when compared to unexposed control in chromosome aberration assay. Significant increase in the frequencies of micro nucleated reticulocytes and 6-thioguanine-resistant ($TG^r$) lymphocytes was also observed in supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood and lymphocyte hprt mutation assay, respectively. The results indicate, that under our experimental conditions, 0.5 ppm ozone are genotoxic in exposed B6C3F1 mice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.171-171
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• 1993

발암물질의 조기검색법을 개발하고자 변이원성 물질의 스크리닝법으로 널리 사용되고 있는 Ames test 및 chromosomal aberration test를 본 연구에서 개발하고자 하는 DNA 및 Protein-adduct 형성시험법과 비교 연구하였다. 벤조피렌과 아플라톡신 B$_1$을 모델 발암물질로 하여 실시한 Ames test에서는 두 화합물 모두 양성을 나타냈으나 용량-반응 관계가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 또한 고농도에서는 시험물질의 독성체 의해 정상적인 Ames test의 수행이 어려됐다. Chromosomal aberration test에서도 Ames test와 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며 특히 고농도에서 시험을 실시했을 경우 Ames test에서와 마찬가지로 세포독성의 현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 본 연구에서 새로이 개발한 DNA 및 Protein-adduct형성 시험법은 저농도에서 고농도에 이르기까지 뚜렷한 용량-반응 관계를 나타냈으며 Ames test 및 chromosomal test에서 일어날 수 있는 false positive나 false negative의 결과를 가져다 줄 우려가 없다. 또한 시험시간이 1-2시간 정도 소요되므로 기존의 방법보다 시험시간을 약 40배 가량 단축시킬 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 1993

Chromosomal aberration analysis, as a basis for biological radiation dosimetry, was performed for radiation dose ranges below 150 cGy. The yield, ratio of lymphocytes with dicentric and/or ring chromosomes, was 0, 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.8, 5.5, 8.0, and $18.5\%$ for 0,5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 cGy, respectively. The Qdr, ratio of dicentric and ring chromosomes in total lymphocytes, was 0, 0, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.009, 0.018, 0.055, 0.084 and 0.207, respectively. The Qdr, ratio of dicentric and ring chromosomes in lymphocytes with aberration, was 1.0 for the radiation doses up to 75 cGy and 1.05 and 1.11 for 100 and 150 cGy, respectively. From the results, it seems possible to estimate radiation dose from Ydr when the exposure is 25 cGy or more. All the 5 radiation workers studied, with exposure much less than 1 mSv per month, had chromosomal aberrations. And acentric fragment pairs, in addition to dicentric and ring chromosomes, showed good dose response relationship and so may be useful for biological dosimetry for low dose radiation.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 2002

The detection of many synthetic chemicals used in industry that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the chemical hazard will be important to environment and human health. The clastogenicity of 17 synthetic chemicals was evaluated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells in vitro. Two most cytotoxic chemicals, dodecyl methacrylate (CAS No. 142-90-5) and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (CAS No. 688-84-6), among 17 chemicals tested revealed no clastogenicity in the range of 0.0165-0.066 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 0.006-0.024 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system, respectively. All 17 chemicals revealed no significant induction of chromosomal aberration both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system in this assay. From the results of chromosomal aberration assay with 17 synthetic chemicals in Chinese hamster lung cells in vitro, we did not observed positive clastogenic results in this study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2002

Purpose : We have performed this study to obtain reference data for the distribution of chromosomal aberrations in Korea. Methods : We analyzed 1,180 chromosomal study cases from Kwang ju Christian Hospital during the past 25 years. 756 cases suspected of characteristic chromosomal aberration syndromes and 424 cases with hermaphroditism, mild sexual abnormalities, multiple anomalies, or mental & growth retardation were included. Results : The male to female ratio of autosomal aberration syndromes was 1.2 : 1. 78.6% of autosomal aberrations were diagnosed under 1 year of age, whereas 89.8% of sex chromosomal aberrations were diagnosed over 12 years of age. Among 1,180 cases, 612 ones had chromosomal aberrations(51.9%) : 590 of 756 cases suspected of chromosomal aberration syndromes had aberrations( 78.0%), whereas 22 of 424 showing the above other features had aberrations(5.2%). Autosomal aberrations appeared in 514 cases(83.8%) and sex chromosomal aberrations appeared in 98 cases(16.2%). The most frequently observed abberation in autosomal aberrations was Down syndrome, followed by E, D, B, A and C group aberrations. The most common abberation in sex chromosomal aberrations was Turner syndrome, followed by Klinefelter syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. Conclusion : It is of vital importance that patients suspected of chromosomal aberrations undergo chromosomal analysis. Further advanced chromosomal staining and molecular genetic methods will raise the detection rate of chromosomal aberrations.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, the in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was conducted to gain additional information concerning the hazards associated with the use of cyclopentane and ammonium nitrate. While these two chemicals had already been tested by many methods, they had not been studied in the CA test. Methods: The assay was performed using the ovarian infantile cell (CHO-K1 cell), by the direct method (-S9) and by the metabolic activated method (+S9 mix). Results: Using the direct method, the 7 dosages in a 48 hour treatment group did not show that the frequency of CA is proportion to the dosage addition. The frequency of CA is not proportion to the dosage addition for a 6 hour treatment using the metabolic activated method. Conclusion: From these findings, it was decided that the 2 chemicals do not induce chromosomal aberrations under the tested conditions.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic potential of dimethyl isophthalate (DMIP) using Ames bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test and mouse lymphoma $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay. As results, in Ames bacterial reversion assay, DMIP was tested up to the concentration of 5,000 ${\mu}g$/plate and did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA with or without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Using cytotoxicity test, the maximal doses of DMIP for chromosomal aberration assay were determined at 1,250 ${\mu}g/mL$, which was a minimum precipitation concentration ($IC_{50}>1,940\;{\mu}g/mL$ or 10 mM) and at 155 ${\mu}g/mL$ ($IC_{50}:155\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence and the absence, respectively, of S9 mix. DMIP in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant (P<0.001) increases in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations at the dose levels of over 250 ${\mu}g/mL$, when compared with the negative control. However, DMIP in the absence of S9 mix did not caused significant induction in chromosomal aberrant cells. In MLA, DMIP at the dose range of 242.5-1,940 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of S9 mix induced statistically significant increases in mutation frequencies related to small colony growth, whereas any significant mutation frequency was not observed in absence of S9 mix. From these results, it is conclusively suggested that dimethyl isophthalate may be a clastogen rather than a point mutagen.