• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.53-64
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• 2004

North Korea's traditional dress(chosun-ot) has developed as follows: right after the liberation(l945). North Korea tried to get rid of Japanese style and empty formalities and vanity, so chosun-ot became simple and practical. And from the Korean war to 1950's North Korea had tried to establish through a restoration of the war and chosun-ot is more easy and simple. For 1960's People became to be interested in their clothes owing to a stable socialistic economy and politics, and tried new style due to the influence of the Korea-Japanese. Since 1972 North Korea has claimed a dictational socialist organization, and constructed its own culture. Therefore North Korea emphasized its own clothing habit. and its garment style developed differently from South Korea. Since 1984 North Korea tried to change its policy dramatically. and chosun-ot has changed to a modern and various style. But on the other hand, traditional style of chosun-ot was more emphasized. North Korea especially tried to succeed its traditional style. it pursued only partial changes by sticking to its original style. And its color to bright and magnificent one with additional ornaments. Because it tried to change the style within the limits of its tradition, traditional dress has a quite fragmentary and flat appearance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.160-177
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• 2002

Wedding ceremony is a most basic and significant rite of religion. Clothing fur the ceremony is also assumed religious in essence. Thus this study focuses on ideas and religious qualities implied in wedding dresses for women in the latter period of Chosen. Among those wedding dresses for women in the public class, in this study, Yeom-Eui(염의), Won-Sam(원삼) in green and Hwal-Ot(활옷) are discussed. Yeom-Eui seemed preferred by only some of the nobel class who still considered manners and customs as very important. The rest people often wore a brilliant Hwal-Ot rather than Yeom-Eui under influences of a loosened social position system and sumptuous moods. Since a wedding is the reflection of social condition and at the same time a religious rite, the above mentioned difference in wedding dresses between the class of scholars obsessed with Confucianism and the rest public seems attributable to differences in values and religious views between the two groups. Of course, Hwal-Ot was also transmitted from the Chinese nation of Tang, so it complied with a contemporary flunkeyism about Chinese culture. Won-Sam and Hwal-Ot were designed with patterns representing the very significance of wedding and those wishing worldly blessings more children and more sons, longevity and wealth and prosperity. The fact that wishes of more children and more sons were more often implied by patterns of wedding dress in the latter Chosen indicates the legitimate oldest son-oriented patriarchical family system at that time influenced to such contemporary dresses. Meanwhile, those patterns used for Won-Sam and Hawl-Ot were influenced mainly by Confucianism, but sometimes based on Buddhism and Taoism. It suggests that the Chosun dynasty emphasized Confucian manners and customs to restore previous values which had been about to be collapsed since wars with the Chinese Ching and Japan, but nevertheless in the public class, Buddhism and Taoism were more deeply prevailed. This was supported by patterns and colors shown in wedding clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.69-81
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• 2003

This study firstly identify the characteristics of the clothes for traditional wedding ceremony from the late Chosun Dynasty (19th Century) and today through comparison. It also tries to discover what today's people are incorrectly aware of regarding the traditional wedding clothes particularly by survey. It ultimately aims to present constructive ways of solution against the illadvised and simplified deformation of the traditional wedding clothes. When comparing the traditional wedding clothes from the late Chosun and its modern counterparts, Dan-ryung and Samo-kwandae is still used for bridegroom's dress. In case of bride's dress, several items such as Yeom-eui, So-eui and Hwal-ot have been disappeared while Won-sam can be seen today. There were found many additional differences not only in type of the wedding clothes, but also in its form and constitution. Therefore, it is advisory to take the wedding clothes worn by commoners and upper class as the basic form for today's traditional wedding clothes. In addition, diversified research should be carried on to make them broadly accepted by today's life.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.222-234
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• 1998

The Westinghouse OT$\Delta$T DNB protection logic heavily restricts the operation region by applying the same logic for a full range of operating pressure in order to maintain its simplicity. In this work, a fuzzy neural network method is used to estimate the DNB protection limit using the measured average temperature and pressure of a reactor core. Fuzzy system parameters are optimized by a hybrid learning method. This algorithm uses a gradient descent algorithm to optimize the antecedent parameters and a least-squares algorithm to solve the consequent parameters. The proposed method is applied to Yonggwang 3&4 nuclear power plants and the proposed method has 5.99 percent larger thermal margin than the conventional OT$\Delta$T trip logic. This simple algorithm provides a good information for the nuclear power plant operation and diagnosis by estimating the DNB protection limit each time step.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.465-479
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• 2000

The ${\ulcorner}$Ganpyun Chosun Yori-Jebup${\lrcorner}$, was written in Korean in 1934 The analytical results on this book were as follows :1. Fermentation foods were Kimchi, Jut, Jang and Cho. There were 19 kinds of Kimchi with 32materials, 3 kinds of Jut with 4 materials. 8 kinds of Jang with 25 materials and 1 kind of Cho with4 materials.2. There were 47 kinds of DDug(Korean rice cake) with 38 materials.3. Hangwa included Yumilgwa, Suksilgwa, Kangiung, Dasik, Jungwa, and Gwapyun. There were 6 kinds of Yumilgwa with 18 materials. 4 kinds of(Suksilgwa with 7 materials, 6 kinds of Kangjung with 10materials, 7 kinds of Dasik with 14 materials, 13 kinds of Jungwa with 21 materials, and 3 kinds of Gwapyun with 6 materials.4. Korean Beverage included Hwachae and Cha(Korean Tea) . There were 12 kinds of Hwachae with 39materials and 4 kinds of Cha(Korean tea) with S materials.5. Nambi and Sot were used as utensil.6. The measuring units were 'mal', 'sul', 'doi', 'hob', 'ryang', 'geun', 'pun' etc. The foods were prepared frequently by "shaking" and heated by "steaming" .uot;steaming" .ot; .

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1996

The changing shape of absorption and fluorescence spectra will increasing S/D in AO-AOT system decreases and then increases again. The aggregation and disaggreation in AO-AOT system occurres. According to increasing temperature, the absorbance increases in pure AO system. But it gradually decreases in premicellar range(S/D = 10, 20, 50 and 80). The disappearance degree of metachromasy according to the concentration of added salt to AO-AOT system is increased. However, the case of $NaNO_3$is reversed. The order of disappearance degree of metachromasy on cationic salts is $Li^+$, $Na^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$, and the order of it on anionic salts is $Cl^-$ > $SO_4{^{2-}}$ > $NO_3{^-}$.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.87-98
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• 2001

In the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910), the walls and chimneys of palaces, temples, and the houses of the upper-class show various characteristics of decorative design patterns. This study investigated ceramic bricks and roof tiles, which is one aspect of environmental design studies. This study aimed to provide a typology ot traditional Korean design of bricks and roof tiles used in walls and chimneys, and to show the design characteristics. This study collected 685 designs of bricks and roof tiles, and divided them into 18 categories and 5 types of design patterns based on object figures, architectural styles, materials, and decorative methods. In conclusion, there were differences and similarities among the design patterns. In general, the palaces mostly used red, gray, and black bricks that had more detailed designs presenting auspicious signs or exorcism. But, temples and the houses usually used (black) roof tiles horizontally configured with the edges overlapping to decorate as wall as to strengthen their structure.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-62
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• 2013

On the standards or elements of teaching evaluation, the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation(KICE) has carried out the following research such as : 1) development of the standards on teaching evaluation between 2004 and 2006, and 2) investigation on the elements of Teacher Knowledge. The purposes of development of evaluation standards for mathematics teaching through those studies were to improve not only mathematics teachers' professionalism but also their own teaching methods or strategies. In this study, the standards were revised and modified by analyzing the results of those studies focused on the knowledge of subject matter knowledge, knowledge of learners' understanding, teaching and learning methods and assessments, and teaching contexts. For this purpose, according to those evaluation domains of each teacher knowledge, elements on teaching evaluation focused on the teacher's knowledge were established using the instructional evaluation framework, which is developed in this study, including the four areas of knowledge obtaining, instructional planning, instructional implementation, and instructional reflection. In this study, 1st and 2nd pilot studies was accomplished for revising evaluation standards and as a result, the procedure for implementing mathematics teaching using evaluation standards was changed to evaluate teachers own teaching using the standards focused on instructional reflection and according to the degree of satisfaction on reflecting their own teaching, standards on knowledge obtaining, instructional planning, instructional implementation would be utilized. Teacher survey is accomplished two times, by the subject of seven teachers. According ot the result of the first teacher questionnaire which was consisted of the essay type of questions on the degree of understanding the content of standards, the evaluation standards were revised. According ot the result of the second teacher questionnaire which was consisted of the essay type of questions on the application of standards, the evaluation standards were revised finally and the way of how to use the standards efficiently was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-78
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to verify the factors determining core journals in a field based upon the results of the citation analysis of the journals in the field of Korean History(KH). In order to verify the determinant factors, dividing the articles of the KH journals into their novelty and author's seniority, the following hypotheses were established. Hypothesis 1: When a KH journal publishes more articles on prehistoric and ancient eras than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. Hypothesis 2: When a KH journal publishes more articles by senior researchers than others, the journal will have higher chance to be included in the core journals. To achieve the purpose, the cited articles found in the two sample journals, namely, Backsan Hakbo and Hanguksa Yongu were analysed during the past 20 years from 1962 to 1981. Applying the Hirst's Discipline Impact Factor method to the the study, Historical Science Impact Factor(HSIF) on the samples itself and the historical era dealt with in the articles and the seniority of the authors during every five-year period. Based upon thr present study to ver~fy the two hypotheses, the following conclusions have been reached. 1) Tht. most influencing sublect mattcr era or1 thix liSIF of the lo~lrual is arranged in prehistoric arid ancient, Koryo, Chosun, recent era, and the others by order of era. 2 ) Clial~g~~lg a fringe or semicore journal u~to a core j ~ u r n a l , very IISIF' 011 it> article e r a 1s grown up arrd prcllistoric a ~ ~ d ancierlt era:. are, s p c c ~ a l l ~ , incr.eased high relatively. Char~ging a core journal int:~ a fr~ngr or semicort. journal, t.very IISIF ti dropped and prel~istc~ric and ancieut taras arc, fallen sharp relatively. 3) The most irlflr~encin~ s~niority 011 the t1SII- of ihc journal I. the senior.., written or1 prehistoric and ancient eras. Above all, the senilir'b HSIF olr prehistoric anti anclent e r a s a r e most ~nfluencing the cliangi~rg of the core journal into the fringe ur bemicore. .i) flypothesis fl is no1 vcrif~ed i r t general. T l ~ e rt, lative connections bet wee^^ the senior's HSIF 011 each era and tht, ~ l ~ a l ~ g i t l g of the tort. ji1ur.tia1 arc \:er~fied in part hut r~ot in the wliole. 5) 'The reason why the 11SIF or1 prehistori~. arid ar~cic~nt e r a s is higl~er than others can be assumed becaltic the new <, xcavations a r r contit~ued actively i l l the prrsr.llt as to the relics arid remains or1 that eras. Accordingly, the HSIF' r i l l thr 11ew 3ubject matter l~ke arcl~acmlogy trends to grow up greatly. Bctween the senior's and juriior's JISIE', junior'.; is higl~er than s., nior's except ancient e r a . That reason can be assumed bccausr Iunlorb t r j to solve the ex~sting problems thr~urglr their ow11 new viewpoints and sights. So, i t should be studied whether the 11SlF on the artic1t.s of the new subject matters and viewpoirrts is influenced to the changing of the core jorlrnal or not.