• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2004

단회경구독성시험에서 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude콘드로이틴황산의 LD$_{50}$는 2g/kg 이상으로서 판명되어, 단회경구독성 측면에서 는 안전한 원료로 판단되었다. 비록 기니픽을 이용한 감작성시험은 미더덕 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산만을 사용하여 실시하였고, 시험 농도는 GAGs의 임상 사용 예정량이 0.03∼0.15%임을 고려하여 inductiuon 농도는 임상사용 예정량의 10배인 3.0%, challenge 적용 농도를 0.3% 이하로 잠정 설정하여 3.0%, 0.3%, 0.03%농도에서 실시하였다. 그 결과 0.03% 및 0.15% 농도에서는 반응을 나타낸 개체가 없었으나, 양성대조군과 비교할 때 0.3% 농도에서는 24시간 후에는 10% 그리고 48시간 후에는 5%의 반응율을 나타냈지만 사용가능범위에 해당되어 미더덕의 GAGs은 감작성 측면에서 안전성이 높은 원료로 0.3%이하 농도에서는 사용 가능하다고 판단되었다. 토끼를 이용한 안점막 자극시험에서는 미더덕과 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산 및 bovine trachea 콘드로이틴황산의 3.0% 적용 시 모두 A.O.I.가 기준치 이하로 나타나 실제 사용 시 눈에 자극성이 없음이 판명되었다. 토끼를 이용한 피부일차자극 시험에서는 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산을 3.0% 및 1.5%는 무자극을 보였지만, 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산에서는 미약하게 보이던 피부반응이 미더덕 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산에서는 3.0% 적용에서 다소 강한 반응을 보였다. 광독성 및 광감작성을 위한 UV 흡광 실험결과 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산과 대조군으로서 사용한 표품 콘드로이틴황산 모두 자외선영역(280∼420 nm)에서 흡광을 보이지 않아서 광독성 및 광감작성 시험을 시행하지 않았다. 실험동물을 사용하여 조사한 결과 화장품 원료로서의 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산은 3.0% 이내에서는 사용이 안전함이 증명되었고, 멍게가 미더덕 유래의 콘드로이틴황산에 비교하여 생체반응에 나은 것으로 나타났다.다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of skate cartilage extracts containing chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice in comparison with the effects of shark cartilage-derived chondroitin sulfate (CS). MATERIALS/METHODS: Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) mice were fed HCD with an oral administration of CS (50 and 100 mg/kg BW/day), SCS (100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day), or water, respectively, for ten weeks. RESULTS: The administration of CS or SCS reduced the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL cholesterol and elevated the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CS or SCS significantly attenuated inflammation by reducing the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and hepatic protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and IL-1beta (P < 0.05). In particular, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced only in the 100 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed group, whereas the IL-6 level was reduced in the 100 and 200 mg/kg BW/day of SCS-fed groups (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production were attenuated in the livers of the CS and SCS groups mediated by the upregulation of hepatic proteins of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the biological effects of SCS, similar to those of CS, are attributed to improved lipid profiles as well as suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress induced by the intake of HCD.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.612-616
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• 1991

Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), chondroitin sulfate 그리고 L-${\alpha}$-lecithin vesicle의 각각의 수용액에서 methylene blue (MB)의 metachromatic 성질을 $18^{\circ}$C에서 $52^{\circ}$C까지 흡수분광법으로 측정했다. MB는 지질이 고농도일 때 vesicle 매트릭스에 뭉치를 형성했다. MB의 metachromasy는 vesicle의 상전이 온도에 무관하게 나타났으며, 이것은 색소가 vesicle의 친수성 표면에서 회합함을 의미한다. Vesicle에서 MB의 metachromasy 현상은 hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)를 첨가할 때보다 SDS를 첨가할 때 매우 약하게 관측되었다. 이것은 vesicle 표면에서 계면활성제들의 끼어드는 위치가 다른 것으로 보이며, CTAB가 SDS보다 색소뭉치 사이에 더욱 잘 끼어드는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2016

사람의 분변으로부터 분리한 Bacteroides stericoris HJ-15로부터 chondroitinase ABC 유전자를 클로닝하였다. 클로닝한 chondroitinase ABC 유전자는 3,090 bp, 1,029 아미노산으로 구성되어 있었다. B. stercoris chondroitinase ABC 유전자는 이미 보고된 chondroitinase ABC 유전자들과 호몰로지가 없었으나, 아미노산서열에서는 82% 호몰로지를 보였다. T7 promoter를 가진 pET-26b+ expression vector에 클로닝한 chondroitinase ABC 유전자를 Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)에서 발현하여 정제한 재조합 chondroitinase ABC는 chondroitin sulfate A, B 및 C를 모두 분해하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2007

Purpose: In this study, porous type I collagen scaffolds were cross-linked using dehydrothermal(DHT) treatment and/or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide(EDC), in the presence and absence of chondroitin-6-sulfate(CS) and cultured autologous chondrocytes(Chondro) for cartilage regeneration. Methods: Cartilage defects were created in the proximal part of the ear of New Zealand rabbits. Four prepared types of scaffolds(n=4) were inserted. The groups included Chondro-Collagen-DHT(Group 1), Chondro- Collagen-DHT-EDC(Group 2), Chondro-CS-Collagen- DHT(Group 3), and Chondro-CS-Collagen-DHT-EDC (Group 4). Histomorphometric analysis and cartilage-specific gene expression of the reconstructed tissues were evaluated 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. Results: EDC cross-linked groups 2 and 4 regenerated more cartilage than other groups. However, calcification was observed in the 4th week after implantation. CS did not increase chondrogenesis in all groups. Cartilage-specific type II collagen mRNA expression increased in the course of time in all groups.Conclusion: EDC cross-linking methods maintain the scaffold and promote extracellular matrix production of chondrocytes.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.364-367
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• 2006

In order to enhance the repair of defects in articular cartilage via cell therapy with autologous chondrocytes, as well as with periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs), silkworm hemolymph (SH) and a variety of cartilage-specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) including type II collagen, proline, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate were assessed with regard to their efficacy as media supplements. SH, a known anti-apoptotic agent, was found to enhance cell growth, as was shown by the results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to the results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, the cartilage-specific ECMs were found to stimulate the expression of hyaline cartilage-specific genes, most notably type II collagen and Sox9, in monolayer cultures of PDPCs.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.415.2-415.2
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• 2002

We investigated the absorption enhancing effect of BuOH extract of the root of Aralia elata (BERAE) in Caco-2 cell monolayers and rats. At the concentration of both 0.04% and 0.08% (w/v). BERAE decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values and increased the permeability of intact chondroitin sulfate (CS) and its digestion products as hydrophilic macromolecules in a dose dependent manner. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of BERAE for the determination of a proper concentration as an absorption enhancer. (omitted)

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공둥학술발표회
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• pp.111-112
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• 2002

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.172.2-172.2
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• 2001

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2013

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) inhibits neurite outgrowth of various neuronal cell types, and CSPG-associated inhibition of neurite outgrowth is mediated by the Rho/ROCK pathway. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells under specific conditions and have been shown to differentiate into neuron-like cells by co-treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 and the hypoxia condition mimicking agent $CoCl_2$. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that a ROCK inhibitor might be beneficial to regenerate neurons during stem cell therapy by preventing transplanted MSCs from inhibition by CSPG in damaged tissues. Indeed, dose-dependent inhibition by CSPG pretreatment was observed during morphological changes of Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) induced by Y27632 alone. The formation of neurite-like structures was significantly inhibited when WJ-MSCs were pre-treated with CSPG before induction under Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$ conditions, and pretreatment with a protein kinase C inhibitor reversed such inhibition. However, CSPG treatment resulted in no significant inhibition of the WJ-MSC morphological changes into neuron-like cells after initiating induction by Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$. No marked changes were detected in expression levels of neuronal markers induced by Y27632 plus $CoCl_2$ upon CSPG treatment. CSPG also blocked the morphological changes of human bone marrow-derived MSCs into neuron-like cells under other neuronal induction condition without the ROCK inhibitor, and Y27632 pre-treatment blocked the inhibitory effect of CSPG. These results suggest that a ROCK inhibitor can be efficiently used in stem cell therapy for neuronal induction by avoiding hindrance from CSPG.